vulnerability to permafrost related hazard in jean … · margaret ireland, fabrice calmels,...

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VULNERABILITY TO PERMAFROST RELATED HAZARD IN JEAN MARIE RIVER FIRST NATION, NWT: HOW TO GET A BIG PICTURE OF THE FUTURE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON NORTHERN COMMUNITIES Margaret Ireland, Fabrice Calmels, Cyrielle Laurent, Ryan Brown, and Frédérique Pivot University of Alberta Yukon College 1

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Page 1: VULNERABILITY TO PERMAFROST RELATED HAZARD IN JEAN … · Margaret Ireland, Fabrice Calmels, CyrielleLaurent, Ryan Brown, and Frédérique Pivot University of Alberta ‐Yukon College

VULNERABILITY TO PERMAFROST RELATED HAZARD IN JEAN MARIE RIVER FIRST NATION, NWT:

HOW TO GET A BIG PICTURE OF THE FUTURE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON NORTHERN COMMUNITIES

Margaret Ireland, Fabrice Calmels, Cyrielle Laurent, Ryan Brown, and Frédérique PivotUniversity of Alberta ‐ Yukon College 

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Page 2: VULNERABILITY TO PERMAFROST RELATED HAZARD IN JEAN … · Margaret Ireland, Fabrice Calmels, CyrielleLaurent, Ryan Brown, and Frédérique Pivot University of Alberta ‐Yukon College

• To have a vulnerability hazard map for decision making for sustainable development and land use;

• Evaluate the impact of permafrost thawing on the community on  safety and country food supply;

• Start to explore adaptation strategies.

Project Objectives

Jean Marie River

1. Landscape changes observed by the community2. Mapping:

o Fied observationso Surficial geology

3. Impacts of Landscape Changes to the JMRFN4. Next steps

o Vegetation classificationo Air photo interpretation

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Page 3: VULNERABILITY TO PERMAFROST RELATED HAZARD IN JEAN … · Margaret Ireland, Fabrice Calmels, CyrielleLaurent, Ryan Brown, and Frédérique Pivot University of Alberta ‐Yukon College

1‐Mapping of the landscape changes observed by the community

• Collapsing of permafrost mounds resulting in the formation of new wetland areas (in particular, the Neethugo area).

• Occurence of stands of fallen trees, including in areas where trails are located.

• Erosion of the banks along the Jean Marie Creek, causing landslides.

• Thin ice on waterways everywhere. 

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Page 4: VULNERABILITY TO PERMAFROST RELATED HAZARD IN JEAN … · Margaret Ireland, Fabrice Calmels, CyrielleLaurent, Ryan Brown, and Frédérique Pivot University of Alberta ‐Yukon College

1‐Mapping – Field observationsProbing and digging Coring Excavations

Vegetation characterization

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Page 5: VULNERABILITY TO PERMAFROST RELATED HAZARD IN JEAN … · Margaret Ireland, Fabrice Calmels, CyrielleLaurent, Ryan Brown, and Frédérique Pivot University of Alberta ‐Yukon College

Permafrost in JMR community area• Palsa: In Peatland with moss;

• Clay/poorlydrained terrain;

• Shallow (no more deep than peatthickness).

1‐Mapping – Field observations

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Page 6: VULNERABILITY TO PERMAFROST RELATED HAZARD IN JEAN … · Margaret Ireland, Fabrice Calmels, CyrielleLaurent, Ryan Brown, and Frédérique Pivot University of Alberta ‐Yukon College

Permafrost in JMR traditional land (former delta)

• In forest and Peatland;• Thicker (Lithalsas); • Extensive degradation;

1‐Mapping – Field observations

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Page 7: VULNERABILITY TO PERMAFROST RELATED HAZARD IN JEAN … · Margaret Ireland, Fabrice Calmels, CyrielleLaurent, Ryan Brown, and Frédérique Pivot University of Alberta ‐Yukon College

0.16°C

‐0.14°C

‐0.09°C

0.00°C

0

1

2

3

4

5

‐1.0 ‐0.5 0.0 0.5

Depth  (m

)

Ground temperature (°C)

Temperature JMR 14 Sep. 2013, 12 am

0.80°C

‐0.06°C

‐0.14°C

‐0.20°C

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

‐1.0 ‐0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0

Depth  (m

)

Ground temperature (°C)

Temperature JMR 24 Sep. 2013, 12 am

0.14°C

‐0.03°C

0.02°C

0.05°C

0

1

2

3

‐0.5 0.0 0.5

Dep

th  (m)

Ground temperature (°C)

Temperature JMR 34 Sep. 2013, 12 am

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Page 8: VULNERABILITY TO PERMAFROST RELATED HAZARD IN JEAN … · Margaret Ireland, Fabrice Calmels, CyrielleLaurent, Ryan Brown, and Frédérique Pivot University of Alberta ‐Yukon College

1‐Mapping ‐ Surficial Geology AnalysisFenland & peatland,Lacustrine plains associated with eolian complexGlacio‐fluvial plains

Duk‐Rodkin, A. 2011, Suficial Geology, Fort Simpson 95HSE, Northwest Territories8

Page 9: VULNERABILITY TO PERMAFROST RELATED HAZARD IN JEAN … · Margaret Ireland, Fabrice Calmels, CyrielleLaurent, Ryan Brown, and Frédérique Pivot University of Alberta ‐Yukon College

1 Mapping – Vegetation Classification Analysis

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Page 10: VULNERABILITY TO PERMAFROST RELATED HAZARD IN JEAN … · Margaret Ireland, Fabrice Calmels, CyrielleLaurent, Ryan Brown, and Frédérique Pivot University of Alberta ‐Yukon College

1‐Mapping: Combined Analysis

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Page 11: VULNERABILITY TO PERMAFROST RELATED HAZARD IN JEAN … · Margaret Ireland, Fabrice Calmels, CyrielleLaurent, Ryan Brown, and Frédérique Pivot University of Alberta ‐Yukon College

1 – Mapping: Refining the Analysis

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Page 12: VULNERABILITY TO PERMAFROST RELATED HAZARD IN JEAN … · Margaret Ireland, Fabrice Calmels, CyrielleLaurent, Ryan Brown, and Frédérique Pivot University of Alberta ‐Yukon College

Final Vulnerability Map

• In the refining analysis the areas categorised as “low vulnerability” were re‐categorised in the “medium vulnerability”.

• Confirmation that the village is safe

• There are few vulnerable areas crossing or close to the access road

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Page 13: VULNERABILITY TO PERMAFROST RELATED HAZARD IN JEAN … · Margaret Ireland, Fabrice Calmels, CyrielleLaurent, Ryan Brown, and Frédérique Pivot University of Alberta ‐Yukon College

Vulnerability toPermafrost Thawing:

Big Game

• Important big game areas are located at or near collapsing permafrost mounds, or are located in area with high to medium vulnerability.

• Some big game trails have been obstructed by fallen trees.

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Page 14: VULNERABILITY TO PERMAFROST RELATED HAZARD IN JEAN … · Margaret Ireland, Fabrice Calmels, CyrielleLaurent, Ryan Brown, and Frédérique Pivot University of Alberta ‐Yukon College

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Page 15: VULNERABILITY TO PERMAFROST RELATED HAZARD IN JEAN … · Margaret Ireland, Fabrice Calmels, CyrielleLaurent, Ryan Brown, and Frédérique Pivot University of Alberta ‐Yukon College

Vulnerability toPermafrost Thawing :

Small Game

• Important small game areas are located at or near collapsing permafrost mounds, or are located in area with high to medium vulnerability.

• Many trails and trap lines also pass through, or in close proximity to, places where vulnerability is High to Medium.

• Several trap lines/trails have been obstructed with fallen trees, thin ice, and depressions. 

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Page 16: VULNERABILITY TO PERMAFROST RELATED HAZARD IN JEAN … · Margaret Ireland, Fabrice Calmels, CyrielleLaurent, Ryan Brown, and Frédérique Pivot University of Alberta ‐Yukon College

Vulnerability toPermafrost Thawing:

Birds

• New wetland areas that are forming could become new habitat for migratory birds (waterfowl).

• Community members noted there are far fewer birds along roads and rivers than there used to be.

• Community members also observed fewer birds, especially water fowl, where vulnerability to permafrost thawing is High to Medium

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F.C.C.1

Page 17: VULNERABILITY TO PERMAFROST RELATED HAZARD IN JEAN … · Margaret Ireland, Fabrice Calmels, CyrielleLaurent, Ryan Brown, and Frédérique Pivot University of Alberta ‐Yukon College

Slide 16

F.C.C.1 What mecanism?Fabrice Calmels, 3/22/2013

Page 18: VULNERABILITY TO PERMAFROST RELATED HAZARD IN JEAN … · Margaret Ireland, Fabrice Calmels, CyrielleLaurent, Ryan Brown, and Frédérique Pivot University of Alberta ‐Yukon College

Vulnerability toPermafrost Thawing:

Fish harvesting

• Apparently  landscape changes should not impact the fish harvesting areas.

• Yet, community members pointed out a decline in quantity and quality of fish.

• Many fish harvesting sites areas are contiguous to vulnerable sites to permafrost thaw.

• Mercury contamination of fish in Ekali Lake area.• Are contaminants leaching 

from degrading permafrost?

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Page 19: VULNERABILITY TO PERMAFROST RELATED HAZARD IN JEAN … · Margaret Ireland, Fabrice Calmels, CyrielleLaurent, Ryan Brown, and Frédérique Pivot University of Alberta ‐Yukon College

owledgements:eople of JMRFNealth Canada

Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada

Next stepstend the mapping to JMRFN aditional lands;

recast impact of permafrost gradation on country food;

vestigate thawing permafrost as ssible origin of the mercury ntamination.