w5 lexical relations

7/29/2019 w5 Lexical Relations

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Part 1

Lexical

relations



LEXEME - REVISION

eateneat

eats

ate

Lexeme eat

Lexeme – a pairing of a form with a sense



A lexeme

a bank

a schoolboy

a piece of cake

kick the bucket



Lexical relations

Polysemy

Homonymy



Polysemy vs. Homonymy

Polysemy two or more words/expressions with the

same form and related meanings

The property a lexeme has when it hasa number of closely related meanings.

I go for a run every morning.

The bears are here for the salmon run.

There's been a run on the dollar.



Polysemy – examples

foot of a person of a bed of a mountain

Run a person does water does colours do

a nose does Head:

object on top of your body top of a glass of beer person at the top of a company/department



Polysemy vs. Homonymy

Homonymy is the relation between two or more

expressions which have the same form but

different meanings the term ‘’homonym’’ is applied when

one lexeme has two or more unrelatedmeanings

in form/spelling (homophone) in pronunciation (homograph) in etymology, BUT of the same form and

pronunciation (full homonym)



EYES

ISLE



Homonymy

A relation that holds between two lexemes thathave the same form with unrelated meanings

Homophones

Homographs

Full homonyms

bank

Of the river

Financial

institution

Lexeme

Lexeme

Partial homonyms



Polysemy – Homonymy Homonymous: A word with (at least) two entirely

distinct meanings yet sharing a lexical form

Polysemous: a word with several related senses (e.g. mouth , an organ of the body, the entrance of a cave,

etc.)

A clear distinction between them IS LACKING Problematic example: One of the most commonly cited examples of a

homonymous word is bank , which has a financial institution sense and aedge of a river sense. These senses seem clearly unrelated, and the factthat they are associated with the same word form seems purelyaccidental. However, historical linguistics research on Italian hasrevealed that at some point in the development of the Italian language,these two senses of bank actually coincided by virtue of the fact thatbankers (lenders of money) sat on the riverbanks while doing theirbusiness!



homonyms

The words below are homonyms - words

which look the same but may have different

meanings and pronunciations. Most of the

sentences feature the homonym both as a noun and as a verb. Which sentences do not?



1. The bandage was wound around the wound.2. The farm was used to produce produce.3. The dump was so full that it had to refuse more refuse.4. We must polish the Polish furniture.

5. He could lead if he would get the lead out.6. The soldier decided to desert his dessert in the desert.7. Since there is no time like the present, he thought it wastime to present the present.8. A bass was painted on the head of the bass drum.9. When shot at, the dove dove into the bushes.

10. I did not object to the object.11. The insurance was invalid for the invalid.12. There was a row among the oarsmen about how to row.13. They were too close to the door to close it.14. The buck does funny things when the does are present.

15. A seamstress and a sewer fell down into a sewer line.16. To help with planting, the farmer taught his sow to sow.17. The wind was too strong to wind the sail.18. After a number of injections my jaw got number.19. Upon seeing the tear in the painting I shed a tear.20. I had to subject the subject to a series of tests.



DEMONSTRATION

Monster –master-station-state-most-not-mat-son-met-smart-meat-rate-men-man-none-one-note-sit-seat-

eat-date-ate-die-sat-diet-sad-dine-sand-done-send-sent-sea-motion-mention-more-mansion-mate-meant-made-mean-moon-noon-near-dear-nation-name-net-tea-mode-tie-set-said-soon-store-sonnet-tear-emotion-train-trade-storm-team-toe-treat-saint-dream-some-dreamt-side-taste-read-tin-dirt-ton-ride-torn-rode-rose-road-test-nine-mine-roast-tide-radio-rat-star-rest-

start-reason-root-ran-rain-stream-ten-raise-rise-rent-and-random-damn-notion-doer-stone-stand-dentist-adore-dean-intend-soar-attend-donate-dominate-toast-nominate-moist-neat-door-trend-tamer-tend-

tenant-tired-main-denotation-iron-domain-satire-doom

w5 lexical relations

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