wa grower september 11

$19.00 + GST

SINCE 1948Vol. 46 No 3. September 2011

Marketing hits mark

WA GrowerPotato GrowersAssociation Inc.

APC-VPCAPC-PPC

Agricultural Produce Commission

Mega pests

Articles refl ect the opinions of the authors and are not necessarily those of the publisher.

Vegetable Growers Association

PresidentMaureen Dobra Gingint: (08) 9575 2086 m: 0417 174 110

Vice PresidentPaul Bogdanich Ginginm: 0421 575 124

TreasurerAnthony Marinovich Myalup/Bunbury m: 0417 907 910

CommitteeH. Shapland t: (08) 9845 1064 AlbanyK. Sue m: 0417 986 467 BusseltonR. Shain m: 0429 988 809 CarnarvonM. Jones m: 0438 418 384 CarnarvonK. Edwards m: 0427 724 243 Manjimup M. Lee m: 0417 962 427 MetroD. Rigali m: 0407 447 524 MetroA. Bogdanich m: 0419 248 422 GinginM.Grubisa m: 0413 050 182 Metro North S. Calameri m: 0418 957 236 Metro SouthP. Wauchope m: 0400 717 600 Gingin

Potato Growers Association

PresidentSam Calameri Metro m: 0418 957 236

Vice PresidentDarryl Smith Busseltonm: 0428 933 154

TreasurerAndrew Tempra Manjimup m: 0417 097 729

CommitteeC. Ayres m: 0428 451 014 AlbanyB. Russell m: 0429 318 216 DonnybrookP. Patane m: 0407 993 580 MyalupS. Calameri m: 0418 957 236 Metro SouthG. Bendotti m: 0427 569 903 PembertonD. Ryan m: 0427 731 066 Pemberton

Western Potatoes Pty Ltd

ChairmanRoss Taylor m: 0412 446 512

Executive Offi cer Georgia Thomas m: 0431 444 918

Non-Executive DirectorSimon Moltoni m: 0427 761 693

A. Kirou m: 0400 996 153R. Amos m: 0400 996 180

• APC- Vegetable Producers Committee

• Potato Growers Association

• Western Potatoes

• vegetablesWA

This issue of the WA Grower is brought to you by:

Cover photo: Tony Cosentino

Contact details for Horticulture House vegetablesWA, Potato Growers Association, Western PotatoesHorticulture House103 Outram Street West Perth 6005t: (08) 9481 0834 f: (08) 9481 0024e: offi [email protected]

Executive Offi cerJim Turleym: 0410 697 842 e: [email protected]

Policy and Program ManagerJohn Shannon t: 0488 111 526 e: [email protected]

Marketing ManagerGeorgia Thomasm: 0431 444 918e: [email protected]

Finance/Administrator/Magazine AdvertisingNeta Revivot: (08) 9481 0834e: fi [email protected]

Communications Offi cer Hayley Wilsont: (08) 9481 0834 e: [email protected]

Field/Extentsion Offi cerCharlotte Butlerm: 0427 373 037e: [email protected]

Life MembersA.J. Anderson*, D.J. Arbuckle, J. Arbuckle Snr*, J.H. Arbuckle* (M.B.E.J.P), S. Calameri, G. Kiriros*, R.G.Leach*, F. Natoli, S. Sawle*, R.M. Schultz, C.P. Stevens, W.R. Stevens* (M.B.E.J.P), HR. Ashby*,

Amy Harris*, A. Ingrilli. * deceased

Produced by vegetablesWA

Management Committees

1WA Grower September 2011

24 6656

Your IndustrY AssocIAtIons 3vegetablesWA marketing hits the mark 4

President’s report 8

Andrew Marshall obituary 8

Fracking: A devastating risk to groundwater 10

Fee for service projects 12

Your ProductIon 13Vegetable Industry Development Program: Mega pests

The basics of protecting your crops 14

Managing chewing and biting insects 17

Managing foliar diseases 20

Managing sucking pests 24

Managing soilborne diseases 30

International potato push 34

APVMA calls time on dimethoate 35

Methyl bromide alternative to dimethoate and fenthion 36

Tomato irrigation trial gears up for 2011–12 season 37

Managing the nematode threat 38

Poultry manure ban 40

Permits 89

Your IndustrY 41FarmDay 2011 42

Keep in touch with the DoW 43

Vegetable Industry Development Program: Vegetable spotlight broccoli 44

Grants to realise big ideas from young rural innovators 48

Grower profile — Brett and Carol Metcalfe 50

Grower profile — Michael Le TLF Exports 52

Grower profile — Gary and Peter Paulik 54

Grower profile — Tony Cosentino 56

Spinach root rot project 58

Research on viruses in Carnarvon 58

Fighting to keep Australia safe from Zebra Chip 60

New opportunity for farm businesses 61

Growers driving Good Practice agenda 61

Protecting potato seed from viruses 62

Young growers tour 63

Seed potatoes clear hurdles for overseas sale 64

Your BusIness 65Rural crime prevention 66

How profitable is upgrading your greenhouse? 69

Agribusiness loan monitor 70

Minimum conditions of employment 70

Your envIronment 71Combating biting fly 73

Your mArket 75School visits — Wembley Primary School 76

New look dressing and microwavers 77

19th Annual Canteen Conference & Healthy Choice Food Expo 78

Your self 79Opportunity knocks for rural women 82

Skills Audit and Learning Database 83

vIetnAmese trAnslAtIons 84

WA GrowerVol. 46 No 3. September 2011

WA growers will no doubt be relieved that, although again below average, this winter has yielded better rainfall than the last. those unable to attend the vegetablesWA meeting with the Department of Water in early September will be interested in a summary of the DoW’s presentation here in the magazine.

thank you to those growers who provided feedback on the last edition — it’s really useful to be able to fine tune it so it remains, as the overwhelming feedback described, as one of the premier publications in horticulture. I hope this edition is just as useful.

vegetablesWA and the potato Growers Association are continuing their work to ensure the current and future prosperity of our industry. If there are any issues we can help you with please let us know.

John Shannon, policy and program manager

Welcome to the latest edition of the Wa GroWerthis edition of the WA Grower details the success of the recent vegetablesWA marketing pilot. Consumer research and focus groups found shoppers reacted very positively to the point-of-sale material we developed featuring Western Australia growers; and link this local origin to freshness and quality. As the results of this vegetablesWA initiative spread across

the state the value of vegetable sales and the profile of our industry will increase.

the removal of Dimethoate and Fenthion will have a large impact on the exports of tomatoes and other vegetables from this state. A number of articles in this edition explain the situation and the work being done using ApC-VpC fee-for-service funds to find alternatives.

Landmark, specialists in horticulture.

You can look to the team at Landmark for unrivalled expertise. We partner with you by supplying specialised advice which is localised to your particular region. And because Landmark only stocks reputable products, you can feel assured that they will enhance your productivity and yields. That’s why more Australian farmers look to us.

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landmark.com.au

Your industrY associationsYour industrY associationsYour industrY associations

BusinessYOUR YOUR YOUR YOUR YOUR YOUR

BusinessBusinessBusinessBusinessBusinessBusinessBusinessBusinessBusinessBusinessBusinessBusinessBusinessindustrY associations

Your industrY associations


4 WA Grower September 2011


marketingWAPRODUCE



Formalindustryanalysishasincreasinglysupportedtheideathatanincreasedfocusonconsumersandmarketingisameansof ourindustryexpandingit’shorizonsintothefuture.vegetablesWAhasbeendevelopingamarketingpilotforsometimeandapproachedBuyWestEatBestandWoolworthstorunitasatrialintheEllenbrookstore.

InthisstorethevegetablesWAmaterialsincludedarangeof point-of-saleposters,bannersandsignswhichemphasisedlocalorigin,seasonalityandhealthbenefits.Localoriginof productwashighlightedthroughimagesof actualgrowerswhoproducedvegetables.Seasonalitywashighlightedthroughspecificsignageandhealthbenefitsof vegetableswerecommunicatedthroughrecipecardscontainingnationalR&Dworkand‘Gofor2&5’point-of-salematerial.

Toprovetheresults,thepilotusedthein-depthanalysisof 200consumersurveys

bothbeforeandafterthepilotaswellascustomerfocusgroups.

The findings supported our initial studies which showed that consumers are most motivated by freshness, price and quality. Shoppers also consider buying seasonal vegetables and often look for what vegetables are in season.

Theresearchprovedthatconsumerslinklocalorigintofreshness,qualityandseasonality.Thematerialsproducedforthepilotfeaturingarangeof localgrowerswerefoundtoimprovethesupermarketsales.Inadditiontowantingtosupportlocalgrowersandbusinesses,consumerswereconcernedaboutthequalitycontrol,chemicalresiduesandunfairtradingcircumstancesof producegrownelsewhere.

Atypicalcommentfromaconsumerwas“Promotingthatproduceispredominantly

The vegetablesWA marketing pilot has been hailed as a breakthrough success. The pilot ‘Retail Revitalisation’ showed that Western Australian consumers do respond to locally grown product to improve the value of vegetable sales and the profile of our industry.

HP0857 7/11/05 11:19 AM Page 1

vegetablesWA marketinghits the mark

bY JoHN SHANNoNVEGETABLESWA



fromlocaloriginisveryimportant.Itisabigsellingpush.If weknowtheyarepushingthelocalproduce,wewanttogothereandshop.”Anothercustomersaidintheirfeedbackthat“Icompareittomilkandthepricewar.Irefusetobuythecheapestoptiontosupportthelocalfarmers,becauseotherwiseyouknowyouwon’tbeabletobuyafreshlocalproductanymoreinafewyears.”

In addition to the benefits of improving the value of sales, the WA vegetable industry will also benefit from consumers identifying with and supporting their local vegetable industry when we publicly advocate a range of issues important to us.

Thepilothasattractedalotof attentionfromindustryparticipantsfromacrossthesupplychainhereinWAaswellasnationally.Furtherproof of thepilot’ssuccessisthatwerecommendyoukeepyoueyesopeninthecomingmonthsasWoolworthsfurtherinvestinthevegetablesWAconceptbyrollingitacrosstheirchainof storesinWA.Marketingiscertainlyshapingupasanewwaythatwecanmakeadifferenceforgrowers.



President’s report

bY mAUreeN DobrAVEGETABLESWA

Winter is officially over and rains have been good. Now all we need is finishing rains! However, we still have to be diligent with our water usage.

Watermeetingsarebeingheldfromthesouthof Perthandalsointhenorthernregionsof Perth.TheyarebeingconductedbyvegetablesWAandinconjunctionwiththeDepartmentof Water(DoW)duringSeptember.Thesemeetingswillupdatethegrowerswithanupdateof thecurrentwatersituation,thesecurityandsustainabilityof ourwaterandalsohelponthemanagementof ourwater.Iencourageallgrowerstoattendthesemeetings.

RecentlyIsawasegmentof LandlineontheABC.Itwastalkingaboutbeef producersintheUnitedStatesandaserioussituationwhichhadarisen.AhusbandandwifeteamweretalkingtocattlefarmersfromnorthernQueensland.Theywereexplainingthebenefitsof socialmedia—suchasFacebookandTwitter.However,oneof theother

A few words from Howard Shapland regarding the passing of Andrew Marshall on 4 July after a long illness.

Andrew and his wife Elizabeth had three children and farmed 256 hectare beef and horticulture property at Torbay near Albany. Andrew has grown asparagus since 1972. He also grew sweetcorn, kiwifruit and passionfruit which were all sold through the Canning Vale markets or direct to certain outlets. In the early 70s Andrew and Liz had also tried other crops, strawberries beans, galia rockmelons and pick your own onions. Andrew was a fastidious grower always concentrating on quality and presentation. He was well recognised for this. He was a founding member of the WA Asparagus Growers Association. Also a founding member of the Albany Region Commercial Horticulturists. He chaired both these groups over many years as well as serving on the advisory board of the Denmark Agricultural School.

His willingness to share information and participate will be sadly missed by all the young and old growers both near and far .It was always a learning experience to visit Andrew and Liz’s farm and see firsthand his innovative, enthusiastic and professional approach to growing and selling his crops. He was a quiet achiever and certainly helped put Torbay and Albany produce on the culinary map.

Andrew Marshall obituary

promotionormarketingmethodstheyweretalkingaboutwasconversation.Especiallyinelevators!Howmanytimesdowestepintoanelevatorandtotalsilencehappens.Nowwasthetimetostrikeupaconversationandpromotefresh,localvegetables.Whataboutthecheckoutsatthesupermarkets!Westandinlineandwaitinsilence.Anotheropportunitystrikes.Ontopof thatthecheckoutoperatorthinksyouareawealthof knowledge!

Recently,themajorityof uswouldhavereceivedourrates.Whatashock/horroritwastous,intheGinginarea.Someof ushavehadourratesdoubled—if nottrebled.If ourlandhasbeenimproved—ithasbeendeemedintensiveandratedaccordingly.However,perhapsthereissomelightinthetunnel.If youwouldliketolodgeaformalobjectionaboutyourratings,thereisaformontheLandgatewebsitewhichcanbedownloaded.Ithastobelodged60daysafterreceivingyourrates.Thewebpageiswww.landgate.wa.gov.authenfindtheobjectionpage.

Onamuchlighternote,withallof thewinterrainswehavehad,nowisthetimetotakenoticeof themagnificentwildflowersthatarebloominginourbeautifulstate.

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9



Fracking: A devastating risk to groundwater



bY JIm tUrLeYVEGETABLESWA

Hydraulic fracking is a process of injecting a mixture of approximately 73 per cent water laden with fine sand (42%) and various chemicals 3% under extremely high pressure (around 8500 pounds per square inch) into a shale formation below the earth’s surface in order to release petroleum, natural gas, coal seam gas, or other substances for extraction. This can be at the depth of approximately 2,000–5,000 metres.

First,aconventionalwellisdrilled(vertically)totherequireddepth.Thendirectionaldrilling(horizontal)iscarriedoutfromthebottomof theverticalholethatfollowstheshaleformation,whetheritgoesdeeperorrisestowardsthesurface.

When the drilling is completed they place explosive charges at regular positions along the horizontal well and fire them off to perforate the steel casing.

Next,intothecolumntheypumpthewater,sandandchemicalsolutionathighpressuretoforcethesand24%betweenthefracturesinatightformationthattheexplosioncaused.This,inturn,stopsthefracturesfromclosingupalongthetargetedformation.

Growersnorthof Perthhaveadvisedmeawell,(nameprovided)thatwasfrackedonceused200,000litresof amixtureof sandandwaterand6,000L/kgof chemicals.If theyfrackedit18timestheywoulduse108,000L/kgof chemicals.

Anotherwellthatwasfrackedonceusedfourmillionlitresplusamixtureand120,000Lof chemicals(thewellnamewasprovided).If theyfrackedthiswell18timestheywoulduse72,000,000Lof mixturecontaining2,160,000Lof chemicals.

TwofarmersintheMidwesthavetwopondsonthesurfaceof theirpropertieswheretheminingcompanystorestheliquid(fourmillionlitres)of water,sandandchemicalmixtures.OnepondislinedwithplasticandtheotherislinedwithBentonitedrillersmud.

Theabovetwowellsgivesyouaclearpictureof themagnitudeof thechemicalstheycoulduseandthencombinethesefigureswiththeChinchillareallifeexperiencebelow.

InanareaaroundChinchillainQueenslandtherearearound30,000wellswithanestimatedexpansiontargetof over100,000.Thesewellsaretargetingcoalseamgas,whichismuchclosertothesurfaceandhavecausedproblems.

Gasandoilcompaniesclaimwhentheydrillanewwell,everyprecautionistakentostopablowoutorcontamination,howeverthey“won’tguaranteeit”.

GasandoilcompaniesmustadvisetheDepartmentof MinesandPetroleumthechemicalstheyusetofulfilrequirementsunderthePetroleum and Geothermal Energy Resources Act 1967.If theareaof drillingisinanenvironmentallysensitiveareathemattermaybereferredtoERA.Thequestionis,whatisanenvironmentallysensitivearea?Havingsaidthat,therearenorequirementsunderthePetroleum and Geothermal Energy Resources Act 1967forpublicdisclosureof thechemicalsthatareproposedtobeusedinhydraulicfrackingprocess.

A devastating risk to groundwaterWiththeoilandgascompaniessaying,“theycanretrievethechemicals”thenwhereistherisk?If thereisnoriskwhyhaveFrancebannedfracking?IntheUnitedStatestwostateshavebannedfrackingandanothertenstateshaveseriousconcerns.NSWhaveplacedamoratoriumonfrackingactivities.

Theriskcentresaroundblowouts—leakages,thathavehappenedinotherpartsof theworldi.e.USandEurope.Contaminationisspreadbythefluidtravellingupoutsidethebore-wellcasingandmixingwiththegroundwater.If youGooglefrackingyouwillcertainlywitnesstheresultsof contamination.

Miningapplicationsforoilandgasthatmayusefrackingforabstractingpurposes,arespreadingoutalloverourstateincludingthehorticultureareas.TheseareparticularlyconcentratedintheMidwestwherevegetablesandfruitareproduced.However,inarguablyoneof thestate’smostpristineareas,Busselton—MargaretRiverregion,drillinghasalreadyoccurred.

Finally,thequestionfacingthecommunityisdoweprotectthecommunitiesfoodsecurity,ordowegamblewiththeriskof contaminatingthegroundwatersystem?Hydraulic fracking used to release

petroleum, natural gas, coal seam gas, or other substances for extraction.



In June your APC Vegetable Producers’ Committee received approval for their budget in 2011–2012. The committee members consulted many growers in their regions, relating to all the proposals submitted for their approval from industry stakeholders.

Fee for service projectsbY JIm tUrLeYEXECUTIVE OFFICER, APC-VPC

the following projects and proposals were approved:1. Developing Integrated Virus and Insect Management Strategies for

Capsicums Grown in the Carnarvon Region$35,000

2. Field Extension Officer $50,000

3. Marketing and Promotion of Western Australian Vegetables $120,500

4. Managing Root Rot of Baby Spinach $12,000

5. Good Practice for Producing Tomatoes — Drip Irrigation Systems $40,000

6. Funding vegetablesWA $291,700

7. Dimethoate and Fenthion Alternatives $50,000

8. Training Inspectors to Recognise Varroa Mite that Attacks Bees $2,000

totAl Amount of fundInG APProved $601,200


ProductionYOUR

Your Production


Your Production

Cultivated crops are exposed to pressures from pests and the general environment. These pressures can be reduced by using an integrated approach to crop protection.

IntegratedCropProtection(ICP),alsoreferredtoasIntegratedPestManagement(IPM),focusesongooddecisionmakingandrequiresconsiderationof the:

• Crop

• Pests

• Beneficialorganisms

• Growingenvironment

• Farmworkers

• Marketrequirements.

ICP provides practical alternatives to conventional pest control that often relies on synthetic chemicals applied on a calendar basis.

Thisarticleoutlinesthe:

• KeyICPprinciples

• Componentsof ICP

• SpecificICPsteps

• GeneralmanagementtoolsandoptionsinICP.

Why adopt IPc?GrowershavereportedthatadoptingICPstrategieshasallowedthemto:

• Re-gaincontroloverchemical-resistantpests

• Minimiseworkerandenvironmentalimpacts

• Minimisesyntheticpesticideuseandresidues

• Satisfyconsumersandthemarketplace

• Reducecosts

• Meetqualityassurancerequirements.

Implementationof thebasicprinciplesof ICPisthebeststartingpoint.Integrationof theseprinciplesforyourspecificcropandpestsituationwillmaximisetheirbenefit.

What is ‘integration’?Integrationmeanscombiningtwoormoredifferentmanagementpracticesthatarecompatiblei.e.practicesthatworkwelltogether,notagainsteachother.Forexample,aneffectiveICPsystemmightincludeculturalmeasures,releaseof beneficialorganismsandtheuseof ‘soft’pesticideswhenrequiredtoensurethatthebeneficialorganismsarenotharmed.

use an adviser to get you startedThemostappropriateandeffectivecropprotectionprogramsaredevelopedbyteamsthatincludegrowers,andresearchersand/orconsultantsexperiencedinICP.Theyhave

Vegetable Industry Development Program

Mega pestsThebasicsof protectingyourcrops

key IcP Principles• Know the history and nature of the

pests in the seedling nursery and on your farm

• be proactive — aim for prevention rather than eradication. Don’t wait for a crisis in pest control before you act. Pests have natural enemies — aim to preserve and increase them, and if they are available from an insectary, consider releasing reared natural enemies (also known as ‘beneficials’) in your crops

• make sanitation on-farm your first priority after worker safety

• monitor your crops and growing environment often

• record crop and pest observations. Review your chemical effectiveness and resistance development

• Gain confidence in ICp through education, observation and action. Seek trusted, qualified advisers to get you started and to assist with implementing ICP

• Access training in the ICp principles for yourself and your staff

• Use available resources — consultants, researchers, books, factsheets, internet

• Understand why the ‘integrated’ approach is essential for success.

Spraying with ‘soft’ pesticides will help maintain natural enemies.


Your Production

specificknowledgeandunderstandingof thestagesof cropgrowth,keythreats,impactof environmentalconditions,andoptionsavailableforprotectingacropfromadverseeventsandorganisms.

Growers and their advisers recognise prevention is preferable to on-going eradication of pests, and therefore take steps that allow specifically-targeted decisions and actions.

ICPprogramsareuniquetoeachseason,eachcrop,andeachregion.Therelativeimportanceof pestsvariesyear-to-yearandyouandyouradviserswillbecomeskilledinevaluatingtherelevanceandpotentialeffectivenessof eachstepandwhatstrategicadjustmentsarerequiredtoensurecontinuedimprovementandtimelyresponses.

the key components of an IcP ProgramKnowledge—learnaboutthekeypests,theirenemiesandhowtheyenter,grow,establish,surviveandaffectyourcrop,inyourgrowingenvironment.

Prevention—learnabouttheotherfactorsthataffecttherelationshipof thepestsandthecrop—plantingtimeandlocation,varietyplanted,croprotations,andirrigationandnutrientmanagement.Make

decisionsthatreducethepotentialimpactof thepest,whilepromotingthecrop’schancetoavoidorresistthepest.

Monitor and observe—lookatyourcropoftenandlearnwhenandwheretolookforsignsof thepestpresence,thepestitself,anditsnaturalenemies.

Respond—keeprecordsof whatyouobserveandlearnhowtointerpretthem.Knowtherelevantresponseoptions(includingchemicaltreatments),thetreatmentthresholds(i.e.conditionsthatindicateatreatmentisrequired)andtheeffectivetimingof theresponses.

some key steps along your IcP pathwayKnowledge• Knowyoursuppliersandkeepgoodrecords

• Knowyourpests—havetheiridentityconfirmed,knowtheirbiologyandbehaviour,howtheycompeteandtheircompetitors,andtheconditionsthatareconducivetotheirpresenceandspread

• Understandandpracticehigh-levelsitesanitationandworkerandequipmenthygiene

• Knowtheeffectof registeredpesticides(chemicalsusedtocontrolpests,includingsyntheticorbiologicallyderivedinsecticides,fungicidesandherbicides)onnaturalenemiesandbeneficials

• Knowthepaddockhistory—previouscropsandtheirsoilinsect,nematode,weedanddiseaseloads.

prevention• Conductpre-planttestsforsoilbornepests

• Onlyplantsuitablematerial—resistantvarieties,treatedseed,disease-freeandinsect-freeseed,seedlingsorcuttings

• Donotplantnewcropsnearcropsof thesametypethatareabouttobeharvestedorthathaveunmanageablepestproblems,anddonotplantconsecutivecropsthatareinthesamefamily(egcropsintheSolanaceaefamilysuchastomato,potato,eggplantandcapsicum)inthesamepatchorpaddock

• Recognise‘normal’and‘abnormal’—organisms,plantappearance

• Minimiseplantstress—optimisesoilpreparationandsoilhealth,waterandnutrientapplications

• Avoidmechanicaldamagetoplants

• Removeplantwasteandnon-commercialvegetationthatharbourspests;promotevegetationthatharboursbeneficials.

monitor and observe• Understandtheweatherforecastsof

relevance

• Monitoryourcropsanduseexperiencedcropscoutstofollowpopulationsof pestsandbeneficials,andtoidentifyandassessseverityof diseases.Usestickytraps,pheromonetraps,leaf wetnesssensors,diseasepredictionmodels,andinsectdevelopmentmodelstoassist.

respond• Setsomegoals,plananddefineyour

measuresof ‘success/failure’

• Considerschedulechanges

Using a hand lens to monitor crops.

Growers, researchers, consultants and advisers working together to develop an ICP system for wasabi.


Your Production

Learn about the enemies of key pests, such as this green lacewing.

• Protecttheenvironment—maintainsoilandwaterresources,minimisechemicalreliance

• Usepesticidesasneededbutdonotrelyonthem.

What management options are available?Cultural, physical or mechanical options—theseoptionsoftenallowthecroptoavoid,resistordelayinteractionwiththepest.Theyinclude—suitablesiteselection,fallowperiods,crop-freeperiodsonaregionallevel,plantingdatechangesthatconsiderpestflightsand/orweather,minimisingold/newcropoverlaps,resistantvarieties,croprotation,roguing(removalof sick/dyingplants),insectscreens,positivegreenhousepressure,removalof pesthabitats,establishmentof refugesforbeneficials,restrictedpeoplemovement.

Chemical options—theseoptionsinvolveusingnatural,biological,‘soft’ornarrow-spectrumchemicalstoalterpestbehaviour,toattractpestsformonitoringpurposes,toreducethepresenceorimpactof pests,ortochangetheattractivenessof thehostcrop.

Examples of chemical options used in ICP include pheromones, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and biofumigation.

Resistance options—resistantvarietieslimittheimpactof pestsandshouldbeusedwheneveravailableandhorticulturallysuitable.

Biological options—theseoptionsrelyonnaturalenemiesorintroducedorganismsthatlimittheimpactof apest,e.g.practicesthatboostorextendthehabitatsandpopulationsof beneficials,parasitoids,antagonistsandpredatorsorthatpromoteacrop’sacquiredresistance.Beneficialsincludeallpredatoryinsects,mitesandspiders;parasiticwasps,nematodesandflies;andfungiorbacteriathatattackpestsoroutcompetethemforpotentialinfectionsites.Commonlyseenbeneficialsinclude:ladybirdbeetles,damselbugs,Aphidius(awaspthatparasitisesaphids),Trichogramma(awaspthatparasitisesmotheggs),brownandgreenlacewings,Persimilispredatorymites,andnativeearwigs.ThesebeneficialsallplayasignificantroleinICP.

there are many additional useful resources that can be accessed within the secure area of the AUSVeG website. Go to the ‘technical Insights’ page and then to the ‘r+D Insights Database (search engine)’ where you can initiate a search using key words. resources include:

1. Insect pest Guide: a guide to identifying vegetable insect pests and their natural enemies in the dry tropics. to order, contact: [email protected]

2. pests, diseases, disorders and beneficials in greenhouse vegetables. to order from the Industry & Investment NSW (I&I NSW) website, go to: www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/aboutus/resources/bookshop/veg-ipm-field-idguide

3. thrips and tospovirus — A management Guide. Download from: www.dpi.qld.gov.au/4790_11607.htm

4. revegetation by Design. may be downloaded at: www.sardi.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/44945/reveg_by_design_guidebook.pdf

5. Identification of insects, spiders and mites in vegetable crops — Workshop manual (second edition), and Identification of insects, spiders and mites in vegetable crops — trainer’s

handbook — 2010, DeeDI. may be downloaded at: www.dpi.qld.gov.au/26_19983.htm

6. Lettuce Leaf newsletters: Download from: www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/aboutus/resources/periodicals/newsletters/lettuce-leaf

7. Keep It Clean. Free to all Australian vegetable-levy-paying greenhouse growers. may also be purchased. request or purchase via the following link: www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/greenhouse/pest-disease/general/preventing/keep-it-cleanFactsheets produced in conjunction with ‘Keep it Clean’: these fact sheets provide excellent start-up information for both greenhouse and field producers. Go to the Keep it Clean web page and click on the titles to download copies.

8. Improving Soil Health for Yield and profit in Vegetables. 2010. Factsheet produced by the VicDpI Vegetable Soil Health team. Download from: www.vgavic.org.au/pdf/VG07008_Soil_Health_brochure.pdf

9. Soil Health for Vegetable production in Australia. 2010. Factsheet produced by DeeDI. Download from: www.dpi.qld.gov.au/26_17025.htm

A selection of helpful resources

acknoWledGement

text and photos supplied by prue mcmichael, Lauren thompson (Scholefield robinson Horticultural Services pty Ltd) and Sandra mcDougall (Industry & Investment NSW).

the Vegetable Industry Development program is funded by HAL using the vegetable levy and matched funds from the Australian Government.



Mega pestsHeliothis larvae feeding on sweetcorn.

Your Production

What is the nature of these pests? Cornearworm(Helicoverpa armigera),nativebudworm(Helicoverpa punctigera)anddiamondbackmoth(DBM,Plutella xylostella)aredestructivepests.Thecaterpillars(larvae)of thesepestsaredifficulttocontrolforanumberof reasonsincludingdevelopmentof resistancetochemicals,rapidpopulationincreases,andthecropsthemselves(e.g.sweetcorn,Brassicacrops,lettuce)makecompletespraycoveragedifficult.

Adesperateneedformoreaffordableandeffectivecontrolof DBMandcornearwormhasledmanygrowerstoseekhelp,andthentrialandimplementIntegratedCropProtection(ICP)systems.InICP,theaimisnotzeropests,butrathersustainablepestmanagementtoreducedamagetobeloweconomiclevels.

ICP(alsoreferredtoasIPM)considerstheproductionsystemasawhole,includingallpestsandtheimportanceof soilhealth.

Themanagementof ‘heliothis’andDBMiscomplex.Knowingwhatbeneficialorganismsarepresentinyourcrops,andtheirrelationshipwiththepest,isnecessaryinordertomaketreatmentdecisions.Thecropstage,pestpressure,numberof beneficialsandwhethertheyareincreasingordecreasingmustbeknown,andthereforemonitoringandscoutingareparticularlyimportant.

Thisarticlesummarisestheinformationyou’llneedtostartsustainablymanagingthesechewingandbitingpestsinyourcrops.

What attracts these pests? Warm,humidweatheranddevelopingcrops(includingsweetcorn,Brassicacropsandlettuce)providetheperfectenvironmentfor

DBMandheliothis.Theclimateinsouth-eastQueenslandisparticularlyattractivebutinallstates,cropsaresusceptibleatcertaintimesof theyear.Thecontinuouspresenceof susceptiblehostsincombinationwithoveruseof broadspectrumsyntheticchemicals(andresultantchemicalresistance)hasgivenrisetomorereportsof poorpestcontrol,variableproducequalityandlackof reliabilityof income.

How can I protect my farm from these caterpillars? Start looking, monitoring and recording your observationsLookatincomingtransplantsandmakesuretheyarecleanandfreeof eggsandlarvae.Scoutingisparticularlyimportantinlettuceandbrassicasbecauseeverypartof theplantinallstagesof theirdevelopment,aresubjecttoattackandthereforeneedexaminationforlarvaeandeggsandforthepresenceof beneficialorganisms.Weathermonitoringisalsocriticalbecausetemperaturesaffectthegenerationtimesof pests,naturalenemiesandbeneficialsthathavebeenintroduced.

Start earlyWireworms,cutwormsandarmywormsattacknewlytransplantedandemergingcrops.Walkthroughyourcrops,investigatethecauseof anyrecentdamage,turnoverleaves,lookforeggs,setupandcheckpheromoneandmothtraps.Theappearanceandlocationof cornearwormeggshavepredictivevalue,givinganearlyindicationof whenhatchingmightoccurandhowextremethethreatmightbe.Black/silveryeggshaveusuallybeenparasitisedbypredatorywaspsandareunlikelytohatch.If larvaeemerge,they

Managingchewingandbitinginsects

IcP tips for managing chewing and biting pests• Use resistant varieties

• Consider planting time of crops

• Identify and monitor populations of both pests and beneficials — including eggs, small larvae, and adults

• Understand available management options and effective biopesticides

• Understand conducive environmental conditions — for pests, beneficials and biological insecticides

• Disrupt pest life cycles by targeting overwintering and survival sites

• Know your acceptable limits for damage and identify when you may need to spray.


Trichogramma — an important egg parisitoid of moth eggs

Your Production

burrowquicklyintotheheartof developingcrops,andbecomeimpossibletoseeortreat.Monitoringatthecrop’sheartstagerequirescuttingopentheheadstocheckforcaterpillars.Samplingmaybeatrandombutitismoreinformativewhentherelativefeedingdamageonwrapperleavesisrecordedforeachinspectedhead.

Sampling charts are useful as they provide growers with a guide to the minimum number of plants to be checked, to give confidence the results from them are valid and representative of the whole block.

Implementing IcP — understanding beneficials Predictingthepotentialeffectivenessof ICPrequiresunderstandingof thedamagethresholdsandthetargetsof eachICPpractice.TheICPapproachesthatconsiderboththepestlifecyclesandthestagesatwhichcropsaremostatrisk,arelikelytobemoreeffective.Wasps,shieldbugs,tachnidfliesandearwigsaremorespecificallybeneficialtothecontrolof caterpillars.If thenumberof beneficialsishigh,chemicaltreatmentsmaynotbeneeded.However,whennumbersarelow,pestpopulationsmaybuildrapidlyandbiopesticides,introduced

beneficials,ornarrow-spectruminsecticidesmaybeneeded.

Predatory waspssuchasDiadegma,Trichogrammaand Telenomus,spiders,lacewings,damselbugsandladybirdbeetlesmayfeedonmotheggsandcaterpillars,buttheyalsoofferrelief againstsomeaphidsand/orthrips.Thenatureof commerciallyavailablebeneficialsandbiopesticidesandtheirsensitivitiesneedtobeunderstoodsotheiruseandintroductioniseffectivelytimed.

BiopesticidesincludeBacillus thuringiensis(Bt),abacteriumthatisappliedasaspray(e.g.soldasDipel®).BtiseffectiveagainstallcaterpillarsthateatitincludingHelicoverpaandDBMlarvae.Btspraycoverageneedstobecompleteanditshouldtargetegghatchingandyounglarvaestages.

Thenuclear polyhedrosis virus(NPV)isanotherICPmanagementtool.Itisaviralpathogenthatisspeciesspecific,i.e.Gemstar®andVivus®areformulationsof theHelicoverpaNPVandareonlyeffectivewheneatenbyheliothiscaterpillars.Itismosteffectiveagainstyoungcaterpillars,thereforeitmustbeappliedtosweetcornsilkswhereegglayingismostprevalent.

Other chemistrieslikespinosad(e.g.soldasEntrust®orSuccess®)affectthenervoussystemof heliothis,somethripsandbeetlesandprovidesaquick,safe‘knockdown’.Thesetechnologiesaresafetouseandsafefortheenvironment.However,overuseof anyoneproductmayleadtothedevelopmentof resistance.

ThesweetcornandBrassicaindustrieshaveledthewayonimplementingeffectiveandsustainableICPmeasuresagainstchewinginsects.SweetcorngrowersinSEQueenslandhavebeensuccessfullymanagingcornearworminsituationswherescoutingandmonitoringhassupporteddecisionmakingandenvironmentalconditionshavesuitedtheapplicationof biologicalpesticides,andtheestablishmentof parasitesandpredators.

See the Case study on the following page.

Heliothis larvae with parasitoid Microplitis wasp cocoon

A selection of helpful resources there are many additional useful resources that can be accessed within the secure area of the AUSVeG website. Go to the technical Insights page and then to the r+D Insights Database (search engine) where you can initiate a search using key words. Available resources include:

1. Scouting protocol for lettuce incorporating Ipm. 2005. Dimsey r. etal www.dpi.vic.gov.au/DpI/nrenfa.nsf/93a98744f6ec41bd4a256c8e00013aa9/04e0dde54a7d885cca2575700011d0 5c/$FILe/AttIm978/Scouting.pdf

2. Corn earworm Control in Lettuce. 2005. Dimsey r. et al www.dpi.vic.gov.au/dpi/nrenfa.nsf/93a98744f6ec41bd4a256c8e00013aa9/04e0dde54a7d885cca2575700011d 05c/$FILe/AttHW83H/Heliothis.pdf

3. National Diamondback moth project Website (Via the ‘publications’ link, you can download a handbook, newsletters, a chart showing the impact of insecticides on natural enemies, etc.)

www.sardi.sa.gov.au/pestsdiseases/horticulture/horticultural_pests/diamondback_moth

4. Diamondback moth sampling plan — further information. VIC DpI new.dpi.vic.gov.au/agriculture/pests-diseases-and-weeds/pest-insects/ag0512-diamondback-moth/samplingplan/ further-information

5. Sweet Corn Integrated pest management (Ipm). 2003. VegeNotes www.vgavic.org.au/pdf/VegeNote-Sweet corn-Ipm.pdf

6. Sweet Corn pests and their Natural enemies — an Ipm Field Guide. 2000. Llewellyn r. www.bookshop.qld.gov.au/prodView.aspx?popup=1&Category=SXXC306020&product=1864239727

7. Lettuce Leaf — all issues: www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/aboutus/resources/periodicals/newsletters/lettuce-leaf

8. Lettuce Leaf (specific issues — Sept 2007, July 2007): www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/167278/Issue29-0707.pdf http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/

assets/pdf_file/0003/201882/Issue-30-2007.pdf

9. resources recently developed for Integrated pest management (Ipm) in Lettuce and brassicas include:

a. Guides for lettuce and brassicas which outline the key issues that should be considered when implementing IPM on a whole of crop basis. The guides should be used in conjunction with the items below.

b. The posters ‘Brassica crop protection products’ and ‘Lettuce crop protection products’, which provide a list of registered chemicals and a guide as to their potential impacts on beneficials.

c. A poster providing an overview of Best Practice IPM.

these resources can be accessed at: www.hin.com.au

type in keywords such as lettuce, brassica and best practice Ipm to initiate a search on the Home or Search page. If you have difficulty locating these resources contact either rob Dimsey on 0427 592 006 or David Carey on 0427 718 571.


Your Production

case study

Loss of pest control, the economics of conventional control and variable product quality were the major reasons the Lockyer Valley sweet corn growers took a regional approach and gravitated to ICp for corn earworm management. In particular, the growers have made monitoring a routine practice and have developed skills in making timely introductions of beneficials.

Important steps taken by successful growers Experienced ICP researchers have helped introduce ICP practices to Lockyer Valley growers. The growers realised early on they needed training as they were not familiar with the pest life cycle or that of the native beneficials. They were trained in how to recognise pests and beneficials in their various life cycle stages, when and where to monitor for them, and how to effectively protect beneficials by limiting the use of synthetic insecticides.

Soil monitoring Because spring-summer sweetcorn crops are at greatest risk, soil monitoring starts in the winter with over-wintering heliothis pupae the target of inspections. In one-metre row lengths, growers dig carefully to expose emergence tunnels and look for pupae in the chambers. The pupae are usually found in the upper 10cm. If more than one pupa is found in 10m2, the growers will cultivate to disrupt the pest’s life cycle.

Use of beneficials The egg parasitoid wasp (Trichogramma pretiosum) is hard to monitor directly because of its tiny size, but sweet corn growers have become confident about finding new (white) and parasitised (shiny black) heliothis eggs. Brown eggs are nearing hatching and therefore their numbers provide information on the

expected pest pressure and required timing of action. The more black eggs found, the lower the necessity for pest-specific action.

regular monitoring Up to the tasselling stage, the sweet corn growers check the whole plant during weekly scouting. Thereafter, the monitoring becomes twice weekly and the tassels and the silks are the main inspection points. The growers apply Bt and NPV sprays at this time. For many growers these are the only spray applications until just prior to harvest. Sensitivity to ultra-violet light makes late afternoon spraying of these biopesticides necessary and modifications to boom sprayers have enabled the sprays to be directed at the cobs. The effectiveness of these treatments is constantly reviewed by growers who make adjustments specific for their crop and equipment.

Summary Use of ICP to control chewing insects can reduce reliance on synthetic chemicals, and reduce labour requirements (as a result of an overall reduction in spraying). Today, synthetic pesticides are a rarely used ‘fall back’ practice instead of a routine ‘first choice’ practice. However, some ICP growers believe consumers are not ready to accept ladybird beetles or wasps in their produce, even though they are harmless and often dead, and to ensure these contaminating organisms are not present they use synthetic sprays approximately three days before harvest. It is expected that consumer education will result in changes in market requirements, which will provide future drivers for the expansion of the already successful ICP approach.

success with managing corn earworm in Queensland using IcP approaches

acknoWledGement

text and photos supplied by prue mcmichael and Lauren thompson (Scholefield robinson Horticultural Services pty Ltd) and Sandra mcDougall (Industry & Investment NSW).



Your Production

Mega pests Managingfoliardiseases

This article summarises the information you’ll need to get started on the sustainable management of some difficult foliar threats to your crops.

Whiletherearenobiologicalorganismsthathaveprovedreliableinthecontrolof thesefoliarpathogens,reducedcropdamageandon-farmcostshavebeenwidelyachievedwithstrategiesthatconsiderweather,irrigationtiming,plantvarietiesandspacing.ManygrowershaveimplementedthisIntegratedCropProtection(ICP)approachandachievedsuccessinthemanagementof thesepests.

ICP (also referred to as Integrated Pest Management (IPM)) considers the production system as a whole, including all pests and the importance of soil health.

What is the nature of these fungi? Mildewfungisurviveininfectedplantmaterial(bothweedsandcommercialcrops).Fungiwiththecommonname‘mildew’arenumerousandeachhasadifferentlifecycleandpreferredhosts.Downy mildewsandpowdery mildewsbehaveverydifferentlyandthriveunderdifferentconditions.

Thecauseof white blister(Albugo candida)isrelatedtootherwater-lovingfungilikethedownymildews.Itattacksallabove-groundpartsof mostcruciferousandBrassicacropsandweeds.Itsurvivesinsoil,plantdebrisand

infectedseedandisspreadlongerdistancesininfectedplantmaterialandbywind.

Thereisarangeof chemicalsregisteredforcontrollingmildewsbutveryfewforwhiteblistercontrol.Growersandnurserieshavevariablesuccesswithchemicaltreatmentsbecausethecompletenessof spraycoverageandspraytimingaffectthelevelof controlachieved,especiallybynonsystemicproducts.Foliarpestmanagementrequiresagoodunderstandingof:

• Thefungi

• Theperiodsduringwhichthecropsaresusceptible

• Theinfluenceof environmentalconditions.

ManygrowershavefoundthatausefulstartingpointistoworkwithatrustedandexperiencedICPconsultantorresearcher.Goodmanagementwillbeassistedby:

• Acommitmenttofarmsanitation

• Monitoringof weatherconditions(especiallytemperature,humidityandleaf wetness)

• Knowledgeof relevantdiseasepredictionmodels

• Awarenessof resistantvarietiesandappropriatecroprotations

• Theabilitytodetectearlysymptomsonyourcrops.

Downy mildews Thesefungigenerallyformsporesontheundersideof leaveswhentheyaredamporwet.Highhumidityandmildtemperaturesfavourdownymildew,butnotallhostsare


IcP tips for managing foliar diseases• Use resistant or tolerant

varieties

• Use clean transplants

• Implement high-level site hygiene

• Understand the influence of plant spacing and air circulation

• Understand the implications of free moisture and the effect of irrigation timing

• Understand the influence of planting time and overlapping crops

• monitor crops regularly and use predictive models

• Understand fungicide resistance and rotation of chemical groups.

To protect vegetable crops and seedlings from diseases, make sure the cropping area is free of plant debris and weeds.


Your Production

Powedery mildew on watermelon.Downy mildew on lettuce.

equallysusceptible.Resistantandtolerantvarietiesof cucurbitsexistbutcleantransplantsareessentialtogiveallcropsagoodstart.

Leaf wetnessfavoursdownymildewsoavoidmorningwateringandhighhumidity.Dataloggersthatrecordtemperatureandrelativehumidityprovidesomedirectiononwhentoirrigate.Directsunandgoodventilationhelpreducediseasethreateveninthemostsusceptiblevarieties.Culturalmethodscanalsoimproveaircirculationsuchasleaf trimmingandplantspacing.

powdery mildews

Thesefungiareverycommoninvegetablecropsespeciallythosegrowningreenhouses.Cucumbers,capsicums,tomatoes,peas,andcarrotssufferbutsometolerantorresistantvarietiesexistandthesehavethebestpotentialof growingandproducingasexpected.

Thefungigrowbestat20–25°Candthefirstsignsof infectionappearinspring.Symptomsincludepowderypatchesonmostabove-groundsurfacesbuttheleavessuffermost.Fungicideshavebeenthemostcommonlyusedcontrolmethod,butthediseasepressureoftenresultsinfungicideoveruseanddevelopmentof chemicalresistance.

White blister

Whiteblisterrequires3–4hoursof freemoistureinmild(6–24°C)temperaturesforsporestogerminateandinfectleavesorheadsof developingcauliflowerandbroccoliplants.Theseconditionsoccurfrequentlyingreenhousesandinfieldsduringspringandsummermornings.Wateringinthemorning(around4am)ratherthanatdusk,andavoidanceof overheadirrigation,areimportantstepsintheintegratedmanagementof thisdisease.

How can I protect my vegetable crops and seedlings from these diseases? Getstartedbymakingsureyourseedlingsupplierusesgoodseed,andprovidesthehighestqualityseedlingsandtransplants.Checkallincomingseedlingsandisolatethemfromyourproductionareas.

Clean up your production site and practise the highest level of hygiene in and around all blocks. Because spores spread from infected plant material, make sure the cropping area is free of plant debris and weeds.

Tolimitthespreadof sporestoanewplantingonyourfarm,makesurenewcropsarenotincloseproximitytoolder,infectedcrops.Veryfewvegetableshaveresistancetothemildews,buttolerantvarietiesshouldbeplantedwheneverpossible.Whiteblistermaydeveloponsomebroccoliandcauliflowervarieties,butmostcabbagesaretolerantorresistant.

If these diseases are already on my property, what can I do? Therearenoregisteredorconsistentlyeffectivebiologicalcontrolagentsforthemildews.Thisiswhyfungicideshavebeenroutinelyusedintheirmanagement.Manychemicalswithindifferentclassesareregisteredandthereforechemicalrotationtoslowthedevelopmentof resistanceispossible,andshouldbepractisedalongwitheffectivespraytechnology.Sulphuristhemostwidelyusedfungicideforpowderymildewcontrolanddespiteresistancebuild-upbeingunlikely,sulphurisnotsuitableforuseonallcrops,norduringhotweather.Forsomedownymildews,copperisveryeffective.

controlling mildews — Grower success stories ICPapproachesforcontrollingfoliardiseasesarewell-developedandhaveallowedsomevegetablegrowerstoreducetheirdependenceonchemicalswhileimprovingtheirproducequalityandreducingtheircostsandthethreatof residues.Growershavehadsuccessinmanyareasandtheirstorieshavecommonthreads.Eachdisease,seasonandcropsystemisdifferentbutmanygrowershavelearnedtoassessandintegratetheavailableICPelementstomaximisetheprotectionof theircrops.

How have the growers adapted their practices? managing the mildews

Mostsuccessstorieswithdowny mildewcontrolinvegetableshaveseengrowersincorporatetheplantingof resistantvarieties,strictfarmhygieneandweedcontrol,andspecificculturalpracticesthatincludecrop-freeperiods,irrigation(andhumidity)managementthatavoidslongwetperiods,andmonitoringforearlysymptomsonolderleaves.Lettucegrowershavealsofoundthatavoidinghighammoniumnitrateintheircropsgivesadditionalprotectionagainstdownymildew.

ThegrowerswhohavesuccessfullyimplementedICPforpowdery mildewmanagementhaveagoodunderstandingof the‘atrisk’periods.Forgreenhousecropsthisperiodison-going,butinmostotherenvironmentscropsareatriskuntilhotweatherarrives.Sulphurandotherregisteredproductsareusefultools.Wheresulphuristhebasisof prevention,growersknowtheymusthaveexcellentspraycoverageandforsomecropsthishastriggeredequipmentadjustmentandspray

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White blister on broccoli.

Your Production


A selection of helpful resources there are many additional useful resources that can be accessed within the secure area of the AUSVeG website. Go to the technical Insights page and then to the r+D Insights Database (search engine) where you can initiate a search using key words. Available resources include:

1. managing Downy and powdery mildew, Anthracnose and White blister. 2010. A four page factsheet produced as part of the Vegetable pathology program. may be downloaded using the following link: www.vgavic.org.au/pdf/VG07070_Foliar_Diseases_brochure.pdf

2. best practice — Downy mildew in Vegetables and best practice —powdery mildew in Vegetables. these two factsheets were produced as part of the Vegetable pathology program. they provide information on economic and sustainable control of the diseases. to access these factsheets: Login to the secure area of the AUSVeG website.

Go to the ‘technical Insights’ page, click on ‘r+D Insights Database (search engine)’ and in the Keywords area type the search term ‘best practice’. When you click ‘Search’ the results will include these two factsheets, tL173 and tL175.

3. Downy mildew of brassicas. A two page factsheet downloadable via the following link: vegetablesvictoria.com.au/pdf/r&d_NY9406_Downy_mildew_seedling_factsheet.pdf

4. Sustainable integrated control of foliar diseases in greenhouse vegetables. this website reports on a project that involved screening of fungicides for the diseases powdery mildew, downy mildew and botrytis spp. the project also aimed to develop management strategies that enable greenhouse growers to minimise the use of fungicides and adopt a more integrated management approach. Individual fact sheets produced as part of the project are also available from this website: www.sardi.sa.gov.au/pestsdiseases/horticulture/horticulture_pathology/foliar_diseases_of_ greenhouse_vegetables

5. Diseases of Vegetable Crops. persley D. et al. 2010. this book is a key reference for diseases affecting vegetable crops in Australia and includes a diagnostic guide. It can be ordered via the following link: www.publish.csiro.au/nid/18/pid/6057.htm

6. Integrated disease management in greenhouses. this web page details the integrated practices that result in effective disease management in greenhouses. www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/greenhouse/pest-disease/general/idm

7. management of White blister (Albugo candida) on broccoli is a web-based factsheet that can be accessed via the following link: new.dpi.vic.gov.au/agriculture/pests-diseases-and-weeds/plant-diseases/grains-cereals/generalvegetable- diseases/white-blister-on-broccoli/management-of-white-blister

acknoWledGement

text and photos supplied by prue mcmichael and Lauren thompson (Scholefield robinson Horticultural Services pty Ltd).


coveragemonitoringinadditiontoearlymonitoringof symptomsonyoungleaves.

managing white blister Theimpactof white blisteronsomesusceptiblecropshasbeengreatlyreducedbystrategiesthatintegrateirrigationtimingandresistantvarieties.Apredictivemodel(BrassicaSpot)thatpredictsaninfectionperiodthroughassessmentof temperatureandleaf wetnesshasbeendeveloped(seeFigure1).Thismodelinassociationwithsporetrapresultshasgivengrowersinformationonthelikelihoodof infection,andthereforejustificationforawell-timedchemicaltreatment.Insomecasesithasresultedingrowersreducingtheirweeklybroccoliheadspraysby90%.CoppersprayscontinuetobeeffectiveinwhiteblisterprogramsbuttrialswithsodiumlaurylsulphateandwiththeorganismStreptomyceslydicushavegiveninconsistentresultssofar.

Source: Department of Primary Industries, Victoria

Figure 1 brassicaSpot risk prediction for Werribee South trial

White blister crop walking

1 May 05 1 Jun 05 1 Jul 05 1 Aug 050

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1 May 05 1 Jun 05 1 Jul 05 1 Aug 050

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Your Production

These pests can damage plant buds, leaves and vegetables directly and many are resistant to insecticides. Calendar-based spray programs are expensive and often ineffective.

Thisarticlesummarisestheinformationyou’llneedtosustainablymanagethesuckingpestsof yourcropsandoutlinesacapsicumgrower’spersonalexperienceinadoptingIntegratedCropProtection(ICP)andachievingsuccessinmanagingwesternflowerthrips(WFT)andtomatospottedwiltvirus(TSWV).

What is the nature of sucking pests? Whitefliessuckoutplantnutrientsandinjecttoxicsalivaintothemanyplantstheyfeedon.Somewhitefliesandthecurrant-lettuceaphid(CLA)mayleaveastickyresidue(onwhichsootymoulddevelops)wheretheyfeed.Duringfeeding,whiteflies,CLAandthripsarecapableof introducingvirusestoplants,andtheseresultinyieldandqualityproblemssuchasdistorted,unevenlyripenedvegetables.Virusescan’tbecontrolled—sotheymustbeprevented!WFTtransmitTSWV;onionthripscarryIrisYellowSpotVirus;andSilverleaf whitefly(SLW)transmitsgeminiviruseslikeTomatoYellowLeaf Curl.CLA,althoughmostlyacontaminationpestof saladvegetables,maytransfercucumbermosaicandlettucemosaicviruses.

Tosustainablymanagethesepest-viruscomplexesitisimportanttounderstand:

• Thepestlifecycles

• Environmentalconditionsthatarefavourableforthepestateachstage

• Thevirusestheycarry

• Yourpreventionoptions.

Youwillneedanintegratedapproachtomonitornotjustthepestsbutalsothebeneficialsthatarenaturally-occurringorintroducedintoyourcrops.

Many growers have found that experienced ICP researchers and consultants have provided valuable guidance, specific help and insights.

How can I protect my crops from these sucking pests? Cleanup!Keepalertandmonitor!Taketheseimportantfirststeps:

• Removebroadleaf weedsandwastepiles

• Createbufferareasorcorridorsof non-hostvegetationaroundyoursites

• Inspectallin-comingplants

• Restrictpeopleandvehiclemovement

• Walkthroughyourcropsoften.

If these sucking pests are already in my crops, what can I do? Getstartedonanintegratedmanagementprogram.Theseprogramsutilisearangeof managementoptionsandminimise


Mega pestsManagingsuckingpests

IcP tips for managing sucking pests• Site sanitation — weeds, infested

plants, crop debris must be removed

• Use clean transplants — don’t introduce the pests

• monitoring — early detection and population knowledge are musts!

• Crop-free periods may work — have a collaborative approach to achieving this in your districts

• Avoid overlapping crops or kill pests in residue before planting again nearby

• Know the pests you have, or are targeting

• Understand ‘soft’ foliar treatments and how to achieve maximum spray coverage

• Know the impact of your insecticides on beneficials

• Understand resistance management and chemical groups

• Use chemical insecticides only when necessary and do not rely on them

• Don’t keep treating with something that’s not working!


Your Production

relianceonchemicals.Takeitstep-by-stepassuggestedbelow.

Start monitoring.Forthrips,useblueoryellowstickytrapstocaptureadults.ForSLWuseyellowtrapsandcheckwithahandlensundertheyoungleavesforadultsandred-eyednymphs.Makeweekly,or(insummer)twiceweeklyinspections.Checkingforadultwhitefliesisbestdone

inthemorningsattheedgeof blocks.ForCLA,checktheinnerleavesof lettuce,endiveorradicchio.

Working with experienced ICP specialists can be helpful and rewarding.Discusswiththemtheresultsof yourmonitoringandyourcroppingenvironment.Thepestthresholdsthatwilltriggeraresponseaction(egintroducingparasitoidsor

otherbeneficialsorusing‘soft’pesticides,includingthingslikesoaporoils)willvarywiththepestandthecrop.CucurbitsforexampleareverysensitivetoSLWandtheactionthresholdisoftenbasedonthenumberof adultsperleaf.

In young crops ten adult SLW per trap in a week is a warning of high populations and treatment is needed.

The introduction of predators has shown great potential in managing sucking pests.Thebrownsmudgebug(Deraeocoris signatus)isreportedlyaneffectivepredatorof SLW.ThewaspsEretmocerusandEncarsiaarereportedashavingasignificantimpactonreducingSLWpopulationsinQueensland.PredatorymiteslikeAmblyseius cucumeris(cucumerismite)andtheminutepiratebug,Orius armatus(Orius)areeffectiveonimmatureand/oradultWFTandonionthrips.Asoilbornepredatorymite,Hypoaspis aculeifer,hasalsobeenshowntoreducethrippopulations.

Monitoring yellow sticky card in young capsicum crop.

11WA Grower December 2009

WAGROWER_1209.indd 11 15/12/09 9:07:15 PM


Your Production

case study

Awareness the Cafcakis brothers’ have engaged a number of experts in ICp on their property north of Adelaide to assist in protecting their hydroponic greenhouse capsicums. they had lost control of WFt in their crops and plant losses due to tSWV were above 60%. this motivated the brothers to attend their first WFt workshop in 2001.

At the workshop they realised their spray coverage needed review. Their first proactive step in overcoming their significant crop losses was to make adjustments to their spraying. With the assistance of SARDI and the use of fluorescent dye, it was demonstrated that they had poor spray coverage and a significant amount of chemical was wasted through off-target application. With changes in droplet size, jets and application pressure, they achieved better coverage and also improved pest control with 75% less chemical. This raised the growers’ awareness of the multi-faceted nature of pest management, and of the commercial benefits that could be derived from an ICP approach. Their commitment to integrated practices and improved sustainability was firmly established.

Action and ‘re-action’ In August 2005, using expert assistance, the Cafcakis brothers commenced with a major site clean-up and started raising their own seedlings. When WFT emerged soon after the crop was planted, it was suspected that the weed mat had harboured WFT pupae. The fumigant dichlorvos was applied to suppress the early WFT, but thereafter broad spectrum pesticides were withheld from the crop. Their advisers suggested the introduction of the cucumeris mite, a predator of WFT available commercially. Ladybird beetles and a parasitoid wasp were also introduced. In addition, the growers committed considerable resources to roguing (i.e. removing and destroying) plants that had damage symptoms and this seemed to limit the spread of thrips.

monitoring Monitoring was thorough, with both sides of leaves on random plants carefully inspected by the growers and an entomologist.

Yellow sticky traps were read weekly and results showed the unsprayed plants were not suffering greater losses than areas sprayed conventionally. In the unsprayed greenhouses, the number of native non-pests was higher, but so too was the population of green peach aphid. Aphid hot spots were treated with a soft pesticide and this allowed the predatory mite populations to increase in the flower buds. For some time the mites appeared to be controlling the thrips, but this was stalled by the arrival of hot weather in mid-spring. The hot weather affected the predators and they were overwhelmed by the new adult thrips coming into the greenhouse. Synthetic sprays were used again.

By 2008, a new ‘high-tech’ hydroponic house was in use and so were conventional chemicals. However 70–80% of the first capsicum crop in the house was lost to TSWV. The growers again turned to SARDI and provided funds for another trial with beneficial organisms. They also re-committed to extensive monitoring and increased their attention to hygiene and sanitation.

Use of predators Orius armatus, an aggressive native bug commonly known as the minute pirate bug and referred to as ‘Orius’, was the main WFT predator used in the trials and when it was released at sufficiently high rates (around 8 mites/m2), it proved to be a very effective predator of WFT larvae and adults. The integrated practices had an expanded focus, not only targeting WFT, but also secondary pests (two-spotted mite and broad mite) that often influence the success of the WFT program. While the 2009 and 2010 trials were successful, the establishment of the main WFT

IcP approaches for managing western flower thrips (Wft) in capsicums — the steps to success on the Cafcakis property on the northern Adelaide plains

predators (especially Orius) was slow in winter when days were short, and this allowed early WFT proliferation. The trials demonstrated that pirimicarb was softer on beneficials than pymetrozine, and therefore pirimicarb is the preferred chemical if aphids or problematic mites are present early.

Use of advisers/researchers A number of advisers/researchers have also documented ICP successes in leeks and lettuce, for a range of pests including two-spotted mites, aphids and fungus gnats. There are many similar ICP success stories and in each, the contributions of experienced ICP consultants/researchers have been acknowledged.

Why use an ICp approach?In general, growers have measured their pest management success in terms of:

• Improved pest control

• Reduced costs (for diesel, labour, chemicals)

• Improved farm occupational health and safety

• Improved awareness of their pests and the biological balance needed in a crop

• Increased market acceptance even though in some cases packout has been slightly lower

• Increased personal satisfaction as a result of significantly reducing the environmental impact of their practices.

Growers have also reported that their biggest step was making a commitment to monitoring and investing significant time and money to ensure it was done appropriately.

Orius in capsicum flower.Capsicum with distinctive symptoms of TSWV.


Your Production

acknoWledGement

text and photos supplied by prue mcmichael, Lauren thompson (Scholefield robinson Horticultural Services pty Ltd), tony burfield (SArDI) and Sandra mcDougall (Industry & Investment NSW).


there are many additional useful resources that can be accessed within the secure area of the AUSVeG website. Go to the technical Insights page and then to the r+D Insights Database (search engine) where you can initiate a search using key words. Available resources include:

1. predatory bugs enhance biocontrol in Australia. 2010. Goodwin, S. and m. Steiner, in practical Hydroponics and Greenhouses, No. 110, Jan-Feb 2010: pp. 41–46.

2. Keep it CLeAN. 2009. badgery-parker J.www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/greenhouse/pest-disease/general/preventing

3. Insect pests of cucurbit vegetables. 2009. Napier t. www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/290219/insect-pests-of-cucurbit-vegetables.pdf

4. thrips and tospovirus — a management guide. 2007. persley D. et al.www.dpi.qld.gov.au/4790_11607.htm

5. Viruses in vegetable crops in Australia — Integrated virus disease management. persley D. et al.www.dpi.qld.gov.au/documents/plantIndustries_FruitAndVegetables/Viruses-in-vegies.pdf

6. Aphid-transmitted viruses in vegetable crops — Integrated virus disease management. persley D. et al.www.dpi.qld.gov.au/documents/plantIndustries_FruitAndVegetables/managment-of-aphid.pdf

7. Ipm Strategies for Silverleaf whitefly in Vegetables. 2010. Vegenotes, Issue 16 (Siva-Subramaniam S. et al., DeeDI). this and other issues of Vegenotes can be accessed within the secure area of the AUSVeG website.

8. Silverleaf whitefly management in vegetable crops (web page). Siva-Subramaniam S. et al., DeeDI. www2.dpi.qld.gov.au/horticulture/18512.html

9. National Strategy for control of WFt — managing WFt in greenhouse and field crops. 2002. HAL. www.hin.com.au/resources/Western-Flower-thrip-in-Vegetables

10. Integrated disease management strategy for tomato spotted wilt virus in seedling nurseries. 2002. Coutts b & Jones r. www.hin.com.au/resources/Western-Flower-thrip-in-Vegetables


Ladybug larvae eating an aphid.

John Jambanis, Mirco Bros, and Neerabup strawberry and tomato grower Chi Lieu with some of Chi’s tomato production and a selection of Haifa’s high quality water soluble fertilisers.

WESTERN Australian grower Chi Lieu is renowned for producing some of the best strawberries in the State and he puts this success down to a stringent watering, fertilising and monitoring program.

Chi grows tomatoes and strawberries over about 12 hectares at Neerabup, north of Perth.

Strawberries have been one of his main crops for 25-30 years, while he also previously grew export vegetables, including Chinese cabbage.

Chi arrived in Australia from Vietnam in 1979 and was earlier involved in a share-farming arrangement.

He sells his produce through the Canning Vale Markets.

“The quality of our strawberries is the best in WA – a lot of buyers come to ask to buy our strawberries,’’ Chi said.

He said strict watering, fertilising and monitoring had helped to reduce input costs by about 30 per cent while increasing yields by around 10pc and improving produce quality on the property.

“We previously ran a spreader between the plants to fertilise and watered through overhead reticulation.’’

“We now drip irrigate and this means we don’t waste water and we don’t waste fertiliser around or underneath the plants.

“Overhead watering also helped the weeds grow and caused more disease due to the wet leaves, allowing fungi to grow.

“This is where there was an immediate benefi t in the quality, especially with the strawberries, from the reduced disease.

“We still do a little bit of overhead watering when plants are young to keep them cool, but then we stop it.’’

Chi uses A and B tanks to effectively fertigate crops with a mix of nutrients through the drip system and he said high quality fertilisers were critical to the process.

He said this was why he relied on Haifa’s Multi-K for the important supply of potassium nitrate, delivered through local agent, Mirco Bros.

“The Multi-K fertiliser is very good in water.’’“Some other product made in China also

can go very hard in the bag.’’Chi uses his own unique fertiliser blend for

his strawberry crops.“You have to be very careful with the

fertiliser mix for strawberries to get the right quality of fruit and sugar levels,’’ he said.

“I mix up my own to bring the levels up to what I want.’’

Sap testing is performed through a specialist laboratory in Queensland every two weeks during production and then Chi adjusts his fertiliser blend according to the test results to meet the desired quality.

John Jambanis at Mirco Bros assists with the Lieu’s fertiliser requirements.

Watering through the drip irrigation system also is closely monitored.

“We wet only down to about 40 centimetres from the top (of the soil), otherwise we waste water and fertiliser,’’ Chi said.

“During summer the system can be watering for 1 hour in the morning and a couple of hours in the afternoon every day. ”

Strict program delivers WA’s top strawberries

WA growers choose Haifa for quality fertilisers

Mirco Bros Neerabup Salesman John Jambanis, Manager Johny Mirco and Assistant Manager Phil Rogers with some of the Haifa fertiliser range at the Neerabup store.

THE high quality of Haifa’s water soluble fertilisers has made them very popular with WA growers, according to John Jambanis of Mirco Bros at Neerabup.

“Their major plus is that they dissolve extremely well and so pose no problems through growers’ pumps and irrigation systems,’’ John said.

“Some growers don’t know what they are going to get with some other products – and that’s why they choose Haifa. The brand is renowned for supplying excellent products.

“Various growers say they can see the difference in the quality when using Haifa fertilisers.’’

He said the Haifa range was particularly popular with vegetable growers.

Haifa’s Multi-K potassium nitrate, Multi-Cal calcium nitrate and Poly-Feed nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium soluble fertilisers were highly demanded at the Neerabup store.

Haifa DPS WA Grower Aug 2011 2 22/08/11 9:26 AM

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Haifa DPS WA Grower Aug 2011 3 22/08/11 9:26 AM


Your Production

What is the nature of soilborne organisms?

There are hundreds of soilborne plant pathogens. Not all are fungi but most are. The fungi considered in this article survive in the soil for long periods even in the absence of their preferred host crops or weeds.

Thesefungigenerallyhavewidehostrangesamongstvegetablesbut‘clubroot’(adiseasecausedbythefungusPlasmodiophora brassicae)onlyaffectscruciferousandBrassicacropsandweeds.

Many of these fungi may be present together in cultivated soils; some also in virgin soils. Once present on your farm they will remain an on-going concern for as long as you are growing susceptible crops.

Thefungicaninfectroots,stemsand/orfruit,anddependingontheirpopulations,theenvironmentalconditionsandthecrop,canbeaproblemeveryyearorsporadically.Fungiwillreduceyieldsandquality.Thesediseasesareexpensiveanddifficulttomanage,especiallywhenfungicideapplicationsaretheonlycropmanagementmeasureadopted.Suchprogramshavenotprovidedaconsistentsolutionformostgrowers.

Why might this be? Commonlyreportedreasonsforinconsistentresultsincludechemicalresistance,poorcoverage,poortimingandplacementof chemicals,andlackof effectivechemistry.

Despiteinconsistentresults,fungicidesandchemicalfumigantshaveremainedacommonapproachtomanagingthesefungi.Howevertheirexpenseandenvironmentalimpacthavemotivatedmanygrowerstoreviewtheircroppingsystemsandfarmpractices,andtoconsidermoreaffordableandeffectiveIntegratedCropProtection(ICP)approaches.ICPapproachessupplementchemicaltreatmentsandlimitdependenceonthem.FewbiologicalcontrolagentsforsoilbornefungiinAustraliahavebeenregistered,butsomeculturalpracticesandeffectivebiofumigationpractices(usingspecificBrassicacrops)havebeenidentifiedandsuccessfullytrialled.

ICP(alsoreferredtoasIntegratedPestManagement(IPM))considerstheproductionsystemasawhole,includingallpestsandtheimportanceof soilhealth.

How can I protect my farm from these soilborne fungi?If youareraisingcropsthatarenotaffectedbytheseorganismsmakesureyoudon’tintroducethepestsonplantingmaterial,waterorsoilattachedtoequipmentorvehicles!Usethebestplantmaterialsuppliersandlimitpeopleandequipmentmovementaroundyourproperty.


Mega pestsManagingsoilbornediseases

IcP tips for managing soilborne diseases• Understand the life cycles

and conducive environmental conditions for fungi

• Sanitation — clean up your farm and remove all weeds, crop debris and volunteer hosts

• Consider your planting sequences and crop rotations

• Avoid heavily infested blocks by testing soil prior to planting

• Use clean planting material and resistant varieties

• Amend and manage soil to disadvantage the fungi

• monitor — weather, block history, disease levels, irrigation and drainage patterns

• remove and destroy sick plants when symptoms first show.


Your Production

How can I manage these soilborne pests if I grow susceptible crops?Byunderstandingthecropsatriskandtheconditionsthatinfluencethelong-termsurvivalandreproductionof thesefungi,theon-farmactivitiesrequiredtomanagethemwillbecomeclearer.

clubrootIf yourfarmisfreeof thisorganism,avoiditsintroduction!Bemeticulousaboutnurseryandfarmhygiene,andacceptonlycleantransplantsinnewtrays/boxes.Transplantsreceivedinre-usedcontainersorwithsoilinthegrowingmedium,areatgreaterriskthanthosegrownaccordingto‘bestpractice’guidelines.Restrictequipment,livestock,waterandpeoplemovementaroundyourproductionareas.

Donotplantininfestedsoils,especiallyinsummer,if thesoilpopulationof thisfungusexceeds1,000sporespergramof soil.Clubrootaffectstherootsof cruciferousvegetablesandweedslikewildturnipandradish.ThemostsusceptiblecropisChinesecabbagefollowedbycauliflower.Novarietiesareresistantbutsomebroccolivarietiesaretolerant.Removemustardweedandincludenon-brassicasinyourcroprotationsothatthecarryoverfromcroptocropisminimised.

If clubroot has occurred on your farm, start with a number of cultural practices to minimise its spread and impact.

Site preparation—beforeplantingmakesureplantsandrootsfromthepreviouscrophavebeenremovedandthatinfectionhotspots(fromthepreviouscrop)aretreated.Spotfumigationmaybeneeded.

Soil modifications —beforeplantingasusceptiblecrop,increasesoilpHabove7.0byaddinglime.

Duringtheearlyproductionperiod,maintainhighercalciumandboronlevelsasthisappearstoreducethepotentialforgallformation.Calciumcyanimideisrecommendedbutitsuseshouldbeassessedforeachsite.

Water management—ensureeachblockreceivescleanwaterratherthanrun-off fromnearbyinfestedblocks.Gooddrainageisessentialbecause‘warm,acidsoilswithstandingwater’aretheconditionsthatfavourrapidgrowthof thefungus.Somegrowershavereportedthatthe‘self defence’of plantshasimprovedwithsalicylicacidtreatment,butthis‘vaccination-type’clubroottreatmentneedsmorecommercialtesting.

Pythium speciesSiteselectionandirrigationmanagementareparticularlyimportantinmanagingthisfungus,whichthrivesinwetconditions.Irrigationwater,whetheritissourcedfrombores,mains,riversorare-circulationsystem,shouldbetestedregularlyforPythium.If viablesporesexistinwater,everyirrigationthreatenstospreadinfection.DrainageisalsoimportantassaturatedconditionsandstandingwaterincreasethepotentialforinfectionbyPythium.Anysoilorwatermovementiscapableof spreadingthefungussouseof footbaths,cleaningof wheelwells,andequipmentdisinfestationarerecommendedpractices.Plantingdatesthatpromotequickeremergencefromsoilcanhelpminimiserotsof finerootsduetoinfectionbyPythium,andarethereforerecommended.Fungicidaltreatments(asseedtreatments,protectantsoreradicants)arealsoneededattimes.

fusarium speciesThesefungihavebeenmanagedwellinmanycropsthroughthedevelopmentof resistantvarietiesandthroughseedtreatmentswithfungicides.Culturalintegratedpracticesthatassistinmanagementincludenon-hostcropsinrotations,roguing(i.e.removinganddestroying)infectedplantsandminimisationof plantstress(environmental,nutritionalorduetootherpestslikenematodes,RhizoctoniaorPythium).

rhizoctonia speciesThesefungihaveaverywidehostrangeamongstvegetablesandtheyalsosurvivewellinsoilintheabsenceof ahostplant.Cleantransplants(alsotubers,stolons,runners),seedtreatments,siteselectionandplantingtimesareimportantconsiderationsinmanagementof thesesoilbornefungi.

sclerotinia and sclerotium speciesThesefungihavewidehostranges.Theyhavesurvivalstructures(sclerotia)thatlastinsoilforlongperiods(10–20+years)andsomealsohavethepotentialtoproduceairbornespores.Theimportantmanagementdecisionsneedtofocusonsiteselectionandthepopulationof sclerotiainthesoil.Pre-plantsoiltestsandmonitoringof diseaseinpreviouscropsshouldguidesiteselectionandcropchoices.Soilinversionanddeepburialof sclerotia,androtationswithgreenmanureorbiofumigantcropshaveshownsomebenefitinreducingthenumberof sclerotiaandthepotentialthreatinthenextcrop.Thecropandvarietychoices,theirplantingsequences,plantspacingandtimingof planting,willfurtherinfluencethelikelihoodof infectionandseverityof lossesbecauseinfectionsmayspreadfromroottoroot.Roguingof diseasedplants,removalof weedsandincreasedsoilhealthcanreducetheimpactof SclerotiniaandSclerotiumspeciesandsomeothersoilfungi.

Cauliflower plants infected with clubroot.Plant roots infected with clubroot on right.

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Your Production

case study

successful management of ‘onion white rot’ using IcP approachestasmanian and Victorian growers of bulb onions have begun implementing sustainable practices on their farms for the management of onion white rot (caused by Sclerotium cepivorum).

What inspired the ICP approach amongst bulb onion growers? White rot management with various fungicides has been tried throughout the world for decades. Although fungicides applied at drilling, in-furrow, or over the plants have been successful, in some trials they have not provided consistent results under moderate-high fungal pressure. The ICP approach started when the relationship between populations of sclerotia in the soil before planting could be linked to plant damage predictions. With the know-how of Dean Metcalf, Jason Dennis and others in Tasmania, growers now test their planting sites in advance and avoid heavily infested ground. Both private and state run laboratories in Tasmania have the capability to count sclerotia in soil samples and give predictions of potential losses in your planned crop.

Onion farm hygiene is particularly important. It involves restricting the entry of vehicles and providing washdown areas for equipment and boots. Soil washed off is contained at a distance from the planted area, and infested fields are planted after the planting of new or clean blocks so soil on equipment does not spread the fungus.

Other steps in ICP utilise knowledge of the growth conditions that favour or disadvantage the fungus.

Early crops (May) are most at risk as the fungus likes cool conditions. Late plantings (September) are therefore more suitable for infested fields.

Footbath.

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Potential new IcP ‘tools’ for managing diseases caused by sclerotinia and sclerotium speciesMolassesinpottrialsandantagonisticfungilikeTrichodermaspeciesandConiothyrium minitanshaveshownsomepromisebyattackingsclerotiaandreducingtheirsurvivaltimeinsoil.Syntheticversionsof rootexudatesthatstimulatethesclerotia(e.g.diallyldisulphide—DADS),andplantoilblendsthatshowactivityagainstsclerotiaandmycelium,haveproveneffectiveincommercialtrials.

DADSisaproductthatstimulatesgerminationof thesclerotiaandpre-plantapplicationsof itareprovingeffectiveoverseasandhasbeensuccessfulincommercialtrialsinTasmania,Victoria

andNewZealand.However,itisnotyetregisteredforuseinAustralia(asof April2011).

A particular species and race of the Trichoderma fungus that is native to Tasmanian soils, has been shown in trials to be a potentially useful tool for integration with other ICP practices for control of onion white rot.

Itwasappliedtoseedbedsaspellets,orwithinenrichedcomposts,andinsomecaseswasalsosprayedusingawettablepowderformulation.ThesetrialswereconductedbyDeanMetcalf aspartof theHAL-fundedproject,VN05008—‘Nonchemicalandbiologicalfungicideoptionsforthecontrolof onionwhiterot’.

there are many additional useful resources that can be accessed within the secure area of the AUSVeG website. Go to the ‘technical Insights’ page and then to the r+D Insights Database (search engine) where you can initiate a search using key words. Available resources include:

1. managing Soilborne Diseases in Vegetables. 2010. A 4-page factsheet produced as part of the Vegetable pathology program. Download from: www.vgavic.org.au/pdf/VG07125_Soilborne_Diseases_brochure.pdf

2. managing Sclerotinia Diseases in Vegetables. 2010. A 4-page factsheet produced as part of the Vegetable pathology program. Download from: www.vgavic.org.au/pdf/VG07126_Sclerotinia_brochure.pdf

3. Improving Soil Health for Yield and profit in Vegetables. 2010. A 4-page factsheet produced by the VicDpI Vegetable Soil Health team. Download from:www.vgavic.org.au/pdf/VG07008_Soil_Health_brochure.pdf

4. Clubroot factsheets. 2005. this website gives access to a series of 10 factsheets that discuss the important aspects of clubroot disease of brassica vegetables and the range of control measures available. Access website via the following UrL: www.vgavic.org.au/communication/research_and_development_shop/clubroot_factsheets.htm

5. Integrated control strategy for onion white rot disease in spring onions and other bunching allium crops. 2004. this 16-page report summarises key outcomes from laboratory and field trials including trials with diallyl disulphide (DADS). report can be accessed via the following website: www.vgavic.org.au/research_and_development/researchers_pDFs/vg01096_integrated_control_of_onion_white_rot.htm


acknoWledGement

text and photos supplied by prue mcmichael and Lauren thompson (Scholefield robinson Horticultural Services pty Ltd).


The revolutionis here!

®DURIVO is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. All products in upper case are registered trademarks of a Syngenta Group Company. AD11/021

®


Your Production

bY Dr SHASHI SHArmADIRECTOR PLANT BIOSECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD WESTERN AUSTRALIA

When Potato Cyst Nematode was first discovered in a Munster crop in 1986, the Department of Agriculture and Food (DAFWA) was presented with a challenge like no other — to eradicate a serious pest that had never before, in any part of the world, been eradicated from a potato growing area.

After24years,andexhaustivemeasures,eradicationwasachievedandareafreedomwasdeclaredinSeptember2010.

Sincethistime,DAFWAhasheldstronglyontothehardwonprize,andismakingeffortstoensuretheState’s$45millionpotatoindustrycanreaptherewards.

To prevent further entry of PCN, quarantine restrictions have been maintained on ware, seed potatoes, tissue cultures, soil, and nursery stock.

Additionally,allStateandTerritoriesinAustraliahavenowacceptedtheState’sPCNAreaFreedom,andinter-statequarantinerestrictionshavebeenliftedforpotatoesexportedfromWesternAustralia.

Internationally,AustralianGovernmentissuedanoticeof PCNeradicationtothe177membercountriesof theInternationalPlantProtectionConvention.

Additionally,inresponsetoarequestandinformationprovidedbyDAFWA,BiosecurityAustraliaisworkingwithAsiancountriestohaveourAreaFreedomrecognised.

International potato push

Withthisrecognition,WAhopestohaveimprovedaccesstoanumberof importantmarkets,includingIndonesia,SouthKorea,TaiwanandIndia.

WAgrowerscurrentlyexportseedpotatoestoBangladesh,Indonesia,Malaysia,Mauritius,ThailandandVietnam.Export-gradepotatoesforfreshconsumptionaresoldto11countrieswiththemajoritygoingtoMalaysiaandSingapore.

TheintensiveprotocolsemployedbyDAFWAtoeradicatePCNhavebecomealeadingexamplenotonlyforAustralia,buttherestof theworld.

TheUnitedStatesDepartmentof Agricultureinparticularwatchedourworkveryclosely.Asaresult,DAFWA’sPCNEradicationProjectLeaderSarahCollinsjoinedexpertsfromaroundtheworldinan‘IndependentInternationalSciencePanelReviewof JointUnitedStates-CanadianPotatoCystNematodesPhytosanitaryMeasures’.

Department ofAgriculture and Food


Your Production

After extensive review, the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority has recommended suspension of some uses for dimethoate, an organophosphate used widely in horticulture in Western Australia, particularly against Medfly.

Post-harvesttreatmentof tomatoesappearslost,buttomatogrowersinWAwillnotbeaffectedbythisproblemintheshorttermbyusingfenthionwhichshouldstillbeavailableforatleastafewmonths.Formanypre-harvestandpost-harvestuses,fenthion,marketedasLebaycidbyBayer,isregardedasmoreeffectivethandimethoate,althoughitmaybemoreexpensive.

If fenthionusesarealsorestrictedin2012asexpected,tomatogrowersandagents

arelookingtomethylbromidefumigationandsendinggreenfruitinterstateunderInterstateCertificationArrangements(seearticlebyRohanPrinceonpage36).

In the longer-term many organophosphate chemicals are facing restrictions in order to maintain health standard requirements and trade. This has already occurred overseas.

TheAPVMAresidueanddietaryriskassessmentfoundthatsomeof theestimatedexposuresforconsumerswereabovethehealthstandard,reducingthesafetymarginsthatarenormallyinplacetoprotectconsumersfromshort-termdietaryrisks.

Itappearsthatcontinuedpre-harvestuseof dimethoatewillbeallowedoncropssuchasasparagus,rhubarb,onions,peas,beans,capsicumsandsweetcorn,retainingcurrent

APVMA calls time on dimethoate

with-holdingperiodsof sevendaysorless.Othercropssuchasleafyvegetables,celery,cucumbersandmelonswillfacesuspension.

Residuedataforsomecropswerenotavailable,leadingtosomeapparentinconsistencies.Forexample,pre-harvesttreatmentof capsicumswithdimethoatecontinuestobesupportedwitheitherathreeorsevendaywith-holdingperiod,butpre-harvestuseonchillieswasnotsupportedastheywereconsideredlikelytoexhibithigherresiduesandresiduedataarenotavailable.

Amongcitrus,post-harvestuseformandarinswillcontinuetobeallowedbutnotorangesbecauseresiduedatawerenotprovided.

InearlySeptemberrepresentativesof theAPVMAvisitedWAtoexplaintheirrecommendationstoindustry.

more information

For more information please contact Darryl Hardie on (08) 9368 3799.

BANNED


Your Production

Testing to investigate the suitability of methyl bromide fumigation as an alternative to dimethoate and fenthion postharvest flood spray for fresh tomatoes has been completed by the Department of Agriculture and Food, WA (DAFWA).

Followingthereleaseof the‘showcause’letterfromtheAPVMAinAugusttosuspendmanyusesof dimethoate,mostif notallpostharvesttreatmentswillbelost.Dimethoate,alongwithfenthion,iscurrentlyusedtogainmarketaccesstoeasternStateswithoutMediterraneanfruitflyunderICA-01andICA-02.With70–80percentof tomatoesgrowninWesternAustraliasenttotheeasternStates,itisimportantforindustrytomaintainaccesstothesemarkets.

TheAPVMAreportintofenthionisnotexpectedtobereleaseduntilearlytomid-2012,whichmeansthatthischemicalshouldstillbeavailabletouseunderthetwoICAsfornow,butitisimportantthatthetomatoindustryfindslong-termalternativetreatments.

MethylbromidefumigationusedunderICA-04isanacceptedtreatmentfortomatoesforallStates,buthasbeenwidelyconsideredtodamagefruitandreduceitsshelf lifeandquality.

However,recentDAFWAtestingattheacceptedtemperaturesandconcentrationsforICA-04of 24g/m3at26–31.9degreesCelsius,32g/m3at21–25.9°C,40g/m3at15–20.9°C,48g/m3at10–14.9°ConthegourmetroundvarietySwanson,romavarietyTitianandcherrytomatoLettyhaveshownnosignificanteffectsqualityandslightlydelayedtheripeningof thetomatoescomparedwithunfumigatedfruit.

Thesesmallscaletestshaveshownthatif theprocedureisfollowedcorrectly,

notapplyingmethylbromidedirectlytothesurfaceof thefruit,correctaircirculationandensuringfruitisdryandnocondensationisleftonitduringfumigation,thefruitisnotdamaged.

Thenextstagewillbealargerscaletestinacommercialfacilitytodemonstratetheproceduretoindustryandreducetheriskof unnecessaryfruitdamage.PrincipalResearchOfficerDrFrancisDeLimawillconductthesedemonstrationsinearlySeptember.

ItisimportantthatthefacilitydoingthefumigationisapprovedandfollowstheInterstateCertificationAssuranceOperationalProceduresetoutbythedestinationStatetoensuremarketaccessfortheshipment.

Other alternatives being worked on by DAFWA include applications to modify ICA-26 and ICA-27 to include Mediterranean fruit fly.

ICA-26reliesonpreharvestcoversprayswithanapprovedchemicaltreatmentfortomatoes,capsicums,chilliesandeggplant.ICA-27allowsaccessfortomatoesthatarepickedata‘MatureGreenCondition’.ItisanticipatedthatnotallStateswillaccepttheseICAs,butwithmethylbromidetreatmentasanadditionaloption,thereshouldbemeansof gainingmarketaccesstoallStates.

more information

testing of methyl bromide on tomatoes was funded through the ApC/VpC.

Methyl bromide alternative to dimethoateandfenthion

roHAN prINCeDEVELOPMENT OFFICER, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD, WESTERN AUSTRALIA

Effects of methyl bromide fumigation on half-ripe Swanson tomatoes at 48g/m3 dose post-fumigation, day 0 (left), after 12 days (middle) and after 21 days (right) compared with a control group.

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Control group Control group Control group Day 21Day 0 Day 12


Your Production

Carabooda tomato grower George Kyme has kindly offered a site on his Bernard Road North property this season for trials to continue to develop good practice for drip-irrigated tomatoes.

ConvenientlylocatednexttotheWesGrowerspackingfacility,thesiteiseasilyaccessibleandwillhostregularopendaysforgrowersdroppingoff theirfruitforgradingnextdoortohavealookattheprogressof thetrial.

Thisyear’strialwillcompareschedulingusingevaporationandcropfactorsadjustedbysoilmoisturemonitoringtofine-tuneirrigationtosuitthesite.Drainagewillbemonitoredusingcatchlysimeters.Yieldandqualitywillbemonitoredbyharvestingandgradingfruitfromthetwoareasseparately.

Lastseason’strialatMedinacomparedfivedifferentlevelsof dripirrigationandfoundthatyieldsweresimilartothegrowercontroltreatmentwhenasmuchas40%lesswaterandasmuchas50%lessnutrientswereapplied.Obviouslythiswasnotonacommercialscaleorfarm,sotestinginarealgrowingsituationisimportanttovalidatethisresult.

Thisseasonirrigationandfertigationwillberunindependentlyfromthesamewatersourceforabout4,000Swansonplantswhichwillbetrained,tiedandprunedbyGeorge’sworkers,thesameastherestof thecrop.

Byrunningthistrialonacommercialpropertyitishopedthatsomeof thehusbandryissuesthatoccurredattheisolatedtrialsiteatMedinaResearchStationcanbeovercomeandhigherfruityieldmaybeachievedtoreallytestthewaterrequirementsof plantsundercommercialload.

George said it was important for industry to support this work when such large pressure is being placed on industry to demonstrate efficient water use.

“Efficiencyisnotjustabouttheamountof waterbeingappliedtoacrop,buttheamountof producegrownfromthatwater,”hecommented.

ThetomatocropshouldbeplantedinlateOctober.If youareinterestedinseeingitsprogress,lookforthesignsnearthepackingsheddirectingyoutothetrialsiteanddropinforalook.

more information

If you would like a tour please contact me, rohan prince, and I can meet you there. Any questions please phone 0429 680 069 or email [email protected].

this is the final year of the ApC/VpC and HAL-funded project, so make the most of the opportunity to have some input and make sure you are getting value from your levy contributions.

See you at the site!

Tomato irrigation trial gearsupfor2011–12season


/////////


Your Production

bY Dr SArAH CoLLINS AND Dr VIVIeN VANStoNeNEMATOLOGISTS, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD, WA

Plant-parasitic nematodes in Australia cause significant annual farmgate losses to vegetable crops including carrots, potatoes, pumpkins and tomatoes. The most destructive nematode affecting vegetable and potato crops is the Root Knot Nematode (RKN or Meloidogyne spp.).

RootLesionNematode(RLN,Pratylenchus penetrans)isalsocommoninhorticulturalgrowingareasof WesternAustralia.

Asurveyof carrotgrowingareasinWesternAustraliain2000–01detectedRKNinalmosthalf of paddockssampled,withRLNalsodetectedinaquarterof thosetested.InrecentyearsRKNhasbeenthepredominantcauseof rejectionof potatoseedcropsfromcertificationinsomeotherStates.

Inpotato,RKNcausestuberblemisheswhichreducemarketableyieldof freshcrops.Inprocessingcrops,someRKNspeciescausesuperficialtuberdamagewhichcanbepeeledoff duringprocessing.However,atleastonespecies,Meloidogyne fallax,causesdeeperdamagetothetuberwhichmakesprocessingdifficult,andtheappearanceof ‘flecking’inchipandcrispproduction.

ImportantcarrotdefectscausedbyRKNandotherplantparasiticnematodesaregalling,hairyroots,swollenroottips,forkingandsmallsize.Gallingandswellingare

alsocommonRKNsymptomsontherootssystemsof othercrops.

It is likely that plant parasitic nematodes cause significant yet unrecognised yield effects as nematode problems are difficult to detect from in crop above-ground symptoms and can be mistakenly diagnosed as fertiliser issues, water stress and other plant diseases.

Chemicaloptionsfornematodecontrolinvegetableandpotatocropsarebecominglimited.Manychemicalshavebeenwithdrawnfromthemarketduetoenvironmentalconcernse.g.potentialforcontaminatinggroundwater.Inaddition,thereareincreasingreportsinAustraliaof enhancedbiodegradationof soil-appliedchemicalssuchasmethamsodiumandfenamiphos.Thismeansthatfuturenematodecontrolislikelytobecomemorereliantonmanagementstrategieswhichminimisechemicals.

Managing the nematode threat —takingtotheroadinsearchof newmanagementoptionsforvegetablegrowers


Your Production

Totackletheproblem,anationalinitiative

hasstarted.TheHAL-fundedproject

Managing the Nematode Threat aimstogive

growersimprovedoptionsfornematode

management.Thiswillbeachievedby:

• Surveysof vegetablecroppingareas

• Determinationof thenematodespecies

present,theirdistributionandpopulation

levels

• Glasshouseandfieldtrialstodetermine

susceptibilityof cashcrops,breakcrops,

greenmanureandcovercrops.

The survey is underway on properties in Busselton, Myalup, Pemberton, Manjimup, Gingin, Lancelin, Muchea and the Perth Metropolitan area.

DrCollinshasbeentakingsoilsamplesfrom

growersbothatpre-plantandpre-harvestto

determinewhatnematodesarepresentand

DAFWA technical officer Jodie Teasdale conducts a pre-harvest soil survey of a carrot crop at Anthony Rose’s property in Myalup.

Symptoms of root knot nematode on pumpkin at Lancelin.

toseeif theirnumbersincreaseduringthecroppingperiod.

CropsusceptibilitycanvaryforthedifferentRKNandRLNspecies,andthiswillbedeterminedtoprovidegrowerswithregionalinformationoncrops,greenmanureandbreakcropsforimprovednematodemanagement.

Thenationalprojectwillconcludein2013withthedevelopmentof aweb-basedbookletcontainingcomprehensiveinformationonthesenematodesandtheirmanagementforhorticulture.TheresearchisbeingconductedinWA,SA,Victoria,QueenslandandTasmania.

DAFWA technical officers, Xiaohui Zhang (left) and Helen Hunter (right) tend plants for RKN glasshouse trial.

more information

Further information can be obtained by contacting Sarah Collins at DAFWA on (08) 9368 3612 or at [email protected].


Your Production

Regulations which allowed vegetable growers to apply raw poultry manure to land in the winter months of July, August and September have been amended, extending the ban to a full 12 months per year from 1 September 2011.

Thismeansthatunderthe2001HealthRegulationsitwillbeillegaltoapplyrawpoultrymanuretoyourfarmsevenif itisincorporatedwithothermaterials.

Thischangewillapplyinalllocalgovernmentareascoveredbythecurrentregulations.ThesearetheCitiesof Armadale,Cockburn,Joondalup,Serpentine-Jarrahdale,Rockingham,SwanandWanneroo;theTownof Kwinana;andtheShiresof Chittering,Gingin,Harvey,Kalamundaandpartof theShireof Murray,describedasthePeel-HarveyCoastalPlain.

Organicsoilamendmentssuchascompostareanalternativethatiscurrentlyavailable,andgrowersshouldconsidereitherchangingtheirfertiliserprogramstousechemicalfertilisersoruseacceptablealternatives,suchascompost.

Growers concerned at the increased cost of such materials should note that they are effective at lower rates than poultry manure and have better ability to build soil organic matter levels and soil performance.

Inchangingtothesematerials,greaterattentionisneededtosupplyingnitrogenduringcropestablishment.Thisrequiressmallfrequentapplicationsthatusuallyresultinlowerfertiliseruse,considerablylessleachingtogroundwater,andinmanyinstances,improvedcrops.

Demonstrationof thebenefitsof compost-amendedsoilwillbeheldinNovemberaspartof theAPC/VPCHAL-fundedprojecttocontinuegoodpracticethroughon-farmdemonstrations,sokeepanyeyeoutfortheflyer.

more information

For further reading on how to move away from poultry manure see the series of DAFWA Farmnotes on growing vegetables using the 3phase method on sandy soils: Farmnote 375 for lettuce, 377 for broccoli, 451 for cabbage and 452 for growing celery which can be downloaded from the website. For a better understanding about the benefits of compost see DAFWA bulletin 4746 Compost production and use in horticulture.

Poultry manure banned from September 1, 2011

Using poultry manure on vegetable crops was banned on 1 September under Health Regulations, but efficient alternatives are available.

bY bob pAULIN SENIOR DEVELOPMENT OFFICERDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD WESTERN AUSTRALIA



industrYYOUR

Your industrY


Your industrY

FarmDay was a big success again this year across the country as around 1,500 people visited 250 farming families for the fifth year of the program.

InWA,40familiesvisited34ruralfamiliestogetatasteof thefarminglifeonMay28–29.Theprogramallowsthecityfamiliestogetarealhands-onexperiencesandabetterunderstandingof wherethefoodthattheybringintotheirhomescomesfrom.

Twoof ourgrowerfamiliestookpartintheprogramthisyearheldonthe28thand29thof MaywhichwastheEdwardsfamilyfromManjimupandtheCrederofamilyfromBusselton.

MichelleandColinSladdenandtheirdaughters,Jessica(6)andKate(4)fromKarrinyuptravelledtoBusseltontoseeDenise,WayneandDanielleCredaro.

TheHayesfamily,RichardandhiswifeCarolineandtheirthreekids,James(9),Matthew(7)andOllie(5)visitedKimEdwardsandhiswifeDonetteandtheirkidsLilli(7),Tessa(4)andHadley(2).

KimsaidthattheweekendwentreallywellandtheycertainlygavetheHayesfamilyarealexperienceof thecountrylife.

TheystartedontheSaturdaymorningwhentheEdwardsshowedtheHayesfamilyhowtoearmarkcalvesandringbullcalves.

Kimsaidasthefamiliesweredoingthis,inperfecttimingacowgavebirthinthepaddockwhichwasarealtreatfortheHayesfamilytobeabletowitness.

TheHayeswerethenshownanormaldayfortheminthevegetableworld.Theypicked

cauliflowers,broccoliandcabbagesandwentthroughtheharvestingproceedings.

Thatnighttheyallenjoyedahomecookedmealincludingroastlambandallvegetablesproducedonthefarm.

SundaymorningtheHayesfamilyreturnedtothefarmandtheEdwardswentthroughallthetestingthatisrequiredtoobtainFreshcareaccreditationincludingwaterandsoiltestingtoshowhowcleanthelocalproduceis.

Kim said that the program is something he “Would defiantly recommend for families to do”.

MichelleandColinSladdenandtheirdaughters,Jessica(6)andKate(4)fromKarrinyuptravelledtoBusseltontoseeDenise,WayneandDanielleCredaro.

DeniseCredarosaidthatshewouldrecommendanyonetoparticipateintheFarmDayprogramwhetheritisonthefarmendorthecityend,asitwassuchgoodfun.

TheSladdenfamilystartedtheirexperiencebyfeedingsheepandchickens.Theythendrovearoundfeedinggrainoutof theute.

Thegirls,JessicaandKatethengottoexperiencepotatofarminganddugtheirownpotatoeswithatroweleachfromthepotatocrop.Waynealsorantheharvesterforthemsotheycouldseehowthepotatoesarebroughtupfromtheground.

TheSladden’svisitedthefarmforjustforthedayonthedateof theofficialFarmDayweekend.Howeversincethenhavebeenbackdowntostayagainforawholeweekendasthefamiliesgotonsowell.TheCredarosalsoplanonstayingwiththeSladdensinPerth,whichisatestamenttothenewfriendshipsthatcanbeformedthroughtheFarmDayprogramthatbridgestherural-urbandivide.

bY HAYLeY WILSoNVEGETABLESWA

FarmDay 2011

Jessica and Kate digging for potatoes.

Potato harvester in action at the Credaros.

Feeding time.


Your industrY

Keep in touch with the DoWThe Department of Water (DoW) met with growers at the vegetablesWA meeting on September 13, 2011 and gave an update on the current water situation, actions that DoW is taking and what growers can do to help manage their own water use.

AnissuethatwasraisedatthemeetingwastheneedtoclarifytheDepartment’spolicyonthemanagementof unusedlicensedwaterentitlements.Thispolicyisoftenreferredtoasthe‘useitorloseit’policyandsomegrowerswereconcernedthattheDepartmentwouldseektorecoupwaternotusedwhichwasduetoefficiencymeasuresbeingimplemented.Thisisnotthecase.TheDepartmentwillonlyseektorecoupwaterfromalicencewhenthedevelopmentof thesitehasnotoccurredwithinthetimeframesgiven.IncaseswheretheDepartmentdoesseektorecoupwater,thelicenseeisgiventheopportunitytoprovidedetailsof anyextenuatingcircumstancesastowhythe

developmenthasnotproceededandthesewillbeconsideredintheDepartment’sdecision.

Thispolicyaimstopreventwaterbeingallocatedwithinasystemthatisnotbeingusedandmayresultinwaterbeingmadeavailableforothernewventures.

TheDepartmentalsoadvisedthatcomplianceactivitiesareacrucialtoolthattheDepartmentusestoensurethesecurityandsustainabilityof waterentitlementsforallusers.Takingmorewaterthanallowedcanimpactonotherwaterusersandputthesustainabilityof thewaterresourceatriskfromover-abstraction.

Themostcommonnon-complianceissuethatDoWfindsandtakesactiononistakingwateroverandabovetheannualwaterentitlement,orjustnotprovidingmonitoringdataasspecifiedontheGroundWaterLicence(GWL).Inmanyof theseincidentswateruserscanavoidcomplianceactionbymakingthemselvesawareof theirlicenceconditionsandtherelevantwaterlegislation.

Indeterminate grape tomato with medium to large size. Good firmness and gloss with high yield potential. Jointed fruit with good uniformity, quality and colour. SARINA has excellent flavour and shelf life. Intermediate resistance to C5.

The information provided is based on an average of data and observations collected from our trials. Significant variations may occur in the performance due to a range of conditions including cultural/management practices, climate, soil type and geographic location. As a consequence South Pacific Seeds cannot accept any liability as to the accuracy of this information.

JULY 2011 ACN: 002 887 256

DUCATIDUCATI has large blocky fruit approx 10x9cm with excellent red quality. A strong plant type with intermediate resistance to Xcv123 and TSWV. With striking red colour and exceptional firmness and wall thickness, DUCATI has excellent presentation for both patterned pack and bulk fill boxes.

SARINAIndeterminate grape tomato with medium to large size. Good firmness and gloss with high yield potential. Jointed fruit with good uniformity, quality and colour. SARINA has excellent flavour and shelf life. Intermediate resistance to C5.

NITRONITRO offers the benefit of multi virus resistance ZYMV, WMV, PRSV and Powdery Mildew. The plant has a very strong upright habit and a high yield ability. A little slower to begin, NITRO will be still harvesting when many others have finished.

STORMFor consistency and quality in seedless, your solution is STORM! Good size & colour, improved flesh firmness, & better packout rates. Closed locules, & good tolerance to hollowing, helping shelf life & transportability. PRIMED seed for more even germ & better plant stand.

South Pacific Seedswww.southpacificseeds.com.au

TheDepartmentiskeentoworkwithlicenseesbypromotingawarenessof waterlicenceconditionsandentitlementstostaveoff theneedtointerveneandtakeenforcementactionagainstindividualsorcompanies.

If youhaveconcernsthatyoumaybeatriskof usingmorewaterthanyourentitlement,youshouldcontactyourregionalDoWofficetodeterminewhatopportunitiesmaybeavailabletohelpyou.Inmanycasesyoumaybeabletotradewaterwithotherwaterusersorincorporateefficienciesintoyourprocesses.

WaterisafiniteresourceinWesternAustraliaandtheDepartmentistaskedwithmakingsurethatitisusedsustainablyandequitably.Inthecaseof non-compliancetheDepartmentcanandwilltakeappropriateenforcementactiontoensurethesustainabilityof thispreciousresource.

more information

more information on water licensing including contacts for the DoW regional offices can be found on our website at www.water.wa.gov.au or by calling (08) 6364 7600.

• Ineedthisarticletobereducedslightly


Your industrY

key messages• broccoli is Australia’s 10th largest

vegetable crop in terms of value, accounting for 3.4% of total vegetable production with a gross value of $101.2 million in 2008–09

• production fell by 4% in 2009 to 21% below its level in 2005

• the area planted fell by 1% in 2009 to 6,268 hectares, down by 18% from a peak of 7,263ha in 2005

• Australian broccoli farmers were successful in improving yields significantly between 1998 and 2006. this upward trend has not been sustained since then

• Victoria is the largest producer with 50% of national production in 2009. production in the other states ranged from 1.5% in South Australia to 20% in Queensland in 2009

• the gross value of broccoli production rose by 9% in 2009 to its highest total in the reporting period

• the total number of growers rose from 348 in 2008 to 406 in 2009

• Australia runs a positive balance of trade in broccoli. the value of exports rose in 2008–09, but the longer-term trend is a significant decline over recent years.

Vegetablespotlight

The Australian Bureau of Statistics employed a new methodology for collecting data for the 2005–06 Agricultural Census. As a result, the data generated from that and subsequent years — such as production volumes, area planted and yields — is not directly comparable to historical statistics. Readers should use this material with caution.


broccoli


Production

Current Australian broccoli production

Australianbroccoliproductionfellby4%in2009to44,418tonnes(seeFigure1).

Theareaplantedfellby1%in2009to6,268hectares.

Yieldsfellby3%in2009,to7.1t/ha,slightlyreversingagainof 12%in2008.

Long-term production trends

BroccoliproductioninAustraliadeclinedby21%incumulativetermsbetween2005and2009.

Theareaplantedhasfallenby18%sinceapeakof 7,263hain2005(seeFigure2).

Australianbroccolifarmershadenormoussuccessindrivingefficiencygainsbyraisingtheyieldof thecropby46%from5.4t/hain1998to7.9t/hain2006.Yieldshavebeen

volatilesincethenandin2009were10%belowpeaklevelsin2006.

Domestic value of production

Thegrossvalueof broccoligrowninAustraliain2009was$101.2million,anincreaseof 6%ontheprevious12monthsandthefourthconsecutiveannualincrease(seeFigure3).

The annual value of production in 2009 was the highest annual total in the reporting period and 64% above the 1999 level.

broccoli pricing

Averagepricesbasedonproductionestimatesrosestronglyin2009,extendingthepronouncedupwardtrendsince2005(seeFigure4).

Exportpricesalsorosein2009withasimilarpatterntodomesticprices.

Inrecentyears,Australiahasimportedbroccoliinverysmallquantities.Priceshavebeenexcludedfromthefigureastheymaynotprovideanaccurateindicationof actuallevels.

State broccoli production

BroccoliproductionisconcentratedinVictoria,whichaccountedfor50%of thenationaltotalin2009(seeFigure5).QueenslandandWesternAustraliaarethenextmostimportant,accountingfor20%and13%of thetotalrespectivelyin2009.ProductionisminimalinSouthAustraliawithasharebelow2%.

Therearesignificantyear-to-yearfluctuationsinproductioninindividualstates.In2009,productionfellby29%inQueenslandandby19%inNewSouthWales,withsmallerdeclinesinWAandSA.Productionroseby15%inVictoriaandby6%inTasmania.

Your industrY

Figure 1 National production Figure 2 Area planted versus yield

Year

Year

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

8,0007,7507,5007,2507,0006,7506,5006,2506,0005,7505,500

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Tonn

es (’

000s

)H

ecta

res

Area planted Yield

Tonn

es/h

ecta

re

8.508.258.007.757.507.257.006.756.506.256.00

Year

Year

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8,0007,7507,5007,2507,0006,7506,5006,2506,0005,7505,500

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Tonn

es (’

000s

)H

ecta

res

Area planted Yield

Tonn

es/h

ecta

re

8.508.258.007.757.507.257.006.756.506.256.00

Figure 3 Value of production Figure 4 price per tonne

105100

95908580757065605550

2,4002,3002,2002,1002,0001,9001,8001,7001,6001,5001,4001,3001,200

2,800

2,600

2,400

2,200

2,000

1,800

1,600

1,400

1,200 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

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Valu

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mill

ions

)

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rage

$/t

onne

$/t

onne

Average price Exports

Year

Year

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105100

95908580757065605550

2,4002,3002,2002,1002,0001,9001,8001,7001,6001,5001,4001,3001,200

2,800

2,600

2,400

2,200

2,000

1,800

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1,200 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

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onne

$/t

onne

Average price Exports

Year

Year

Value Average price

Your industrY


Your industrY

Yieldsin2009rangedfrom5.2t/hainSAto8.4t/hainWA.

broccoli consumptionDataonconsumptionisfragmentedandanecdotal.

Basedonofficialproductiondataandpopulationstatisticsitisestimatedthatannualconsumptionhasriseninrecentyearstoaround2.0kgpercapita.

Comparisonswithestimatesof percapitaconsumptionof someothermajorvegetablesarepresentedinTable1.

broccoli growers by stateThetotalnumberof broccoligrowersinAustraliarosefrom348in2008to406in2009(seeFigure6).

Therewereincreasesinthenumberof growersinallstatesexceptWA.ThebiggestincreaseswereinNSW,wherethenumberof growersrosefrom82in2008to128in

2009,andTasmaniafrom21to32overthesameperiod.Thenumberof growersinWAdeclinedfrom60to53.

ThebigincreaseingrowersinNSWin2009raiseditsshareof thenationaltotalto32%,overtakingQueenslandwith24%.Howeverthescaleof growersinNSWisgenerallysmall.

AverageproductionpergrowerishighestinVictoriawithanaverageof 307tonnespergrower,approachingthreetimesthenationalaverageof 109tonnes.Productionof 110tonnespergrowerputsWAjustabovethenationalaverage.

Characteristics of Australian broccoli exportsExportsareexclusivelyfreshwiththemainmarketsinSouthEastAsiaandtheMiddleEast(seeFigure7).

Singaporeisthemostimportantmarket,accountingfor50%of exportsin2008–09.

Figure 6 broccoli growers by stateFigure 5 production versus yield

25

20

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10

5

0

9.0

8.5

8.0

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SouthEastAsiaaccountedforover60%of thetotal.MalaysiaisthesecondmostimportantAsianmarketbutaccountedforlessthan5%of exportsin2008–09,downsharplyfrom30%in2001–02.

TheUnitedArabEmirateshasbeenthesecondmostimportantmarketsince2004–05.TheUAE’sshareof thesignificantlydiminishedexportmarkethasgrownfrom2%in2001–02to24%in2008–09.

Figure 7 broccoli export destinations Figure 8 Value of broccoli exports

Philippines

Hong Kong

New Zealand

Saudi Arabia

Indonesia

Bahrain

Brunei

Malaysia

United Arab Emirates

Singapore

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Percentage of exports

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Valu

e ($

mill

ions

)

Year

table 1 Consumption estimate of other major vegetables

vegetable Average for 3 years ending

1999 (kg)

Average for 3 years ending

2009 (kg )

Broccoli 1.7 2.0

Carrots 11.1 9.8

Potatoes 70.5 61.6

Tomatoes 22.0 20.9


Your industrY

OthermarketsintheMiddleEastincludeBahrainandSaudiArabia.

Value of broccoli exportsBroccoliexportsroseby17%in2008–09fromthepreviousyearto$5.4million.

Theincreaseinterruptsalong-termdeclinewhichsawbroccoliexportsdeclinefromapeakon$18.1millionin1997–98,to$4.6millionin2007–08(seeFigure8).Thedeclineoverrecentyearsreflectsthegrowingdominanceof Chinainthislabour-intensivemarket.

Importsof broccoliarenegligible.

marketmarket segmentsThebroccolimarketconsistsof thefreshmarketsegmentandtheprocessedsegment(whichispredominantlycomposedof freezing).

Broccolicaneitherbeof thesproutingorheadingvariety.Thereareawiderangeof broccolivarietiessuchasCalabrese,Romanesco,GreenComet,MercedesandEmperor.

Despitethedifferentvarietiesof broccoliavailable,moststoresonlystocktheCalabresevariety.

ArecentadditionisBoosterbroccoliwhichcontains40%moreactiveantioxidantsthanregularbroccolivarieties,andhasbeenscientificallyproventocontainsignificantlyhigherlevelsof thepowerfulantioxidant,sulforaphanethanotherregularvarietiesof broccoli.ThesulforaphaneinBoosterbroccoliworksbytriggeringenzymesthathelpeliminatetoxins,toenhancethebody’s

owndefencesystem.Regularconsumptionof foodscontainingSFissuggestedtohaveasignificantpreventativeeffectinheartdiseaseandarangeof cancers.

market accessDomesticmarketsarefreeandtherearenorestrictionsonbroccoliproduction.

Importsof freshbroccoliarefreetoenterAustraliawhilsta5%tariff appliesonfrozenbroccoli(4%fordevelopingnations).

Accesstoforeignmarketsisreasonablewithfreightcostsbeingthemajorbarriertoexpandedexports.

ExportstoSingaporeandMalaysiadonotincuratariff.

TheonlysignificanttariffsinplaceintheregionareinTaiwan,thePhilippines,KoreaandVietnamwithtariffsof 27%,25%,20%and15%(phasingdowntozeroin2017)respectively.

more information

For further details on these statistics please contact Ian James, Industry Data economic Analysis on 0439 440 023 or email [email protected].

For more economic analysis of vegetable production, visit the AUSVeG webpage at: www.ausveg.com.au/statistics

The data and information in this document has been put together by Industry Data Economic Analysis. Industry Data Economic Analysis is contracted by Horticulture Australia Limited to provide economic services to the vegetable industry including collation and analysis of data provided by other sources. Information is to be communicated to the industry through a number of channels, the AUSVEG website being one. Industry Data Economic Analysis, its principal, contractors and employees, does not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any data or information contained in the document and does not accept legal liability for its contents or any loss or damage which may result. Professional advice is recommended for all strategic and financial decisions. This document does not represent professional advice.


Your industrY

Grants of up to $22,000 are on offer as part of the 2012 Science and Innovation Awards for Young People in Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry.

MinisterforAgriculture,FisheriesandForestry,SenatorJoeLudwig,saidtheawardssupportyoungpeopleaged18to35yearswhohaveaninnovativeprojectthatwillbenefitAustralia’sagriculture,fisheries,forestry,foodandnaturalresourcemanagementsectors.

“Theseawardsprovideagreatopportunityforyounginnovatorstoboostourruralindustriesbyhelpingconvertideasintorealitywithprojectsthatwillhelpcontributetotheongoingsuccessandsustainabilityof Australia’sprimaryindustries,”MinisterLudwigsaid.

Theawardsaimtoencouragetheuptakeof science,innovationandtechnologyinruralindustriesandhelptoadvancethecareersof youngpeoplethroughnationalrecognitionof theirresearchideas.

Thereareanumberof industrycategoryawardsavailabletoapplicants,supported

byresearchanddevelopmentcorporations,includinganimalwelfare,cotton,dairy,fisheriesandaquaculture,grains,horticulture,newandemergingruralindustries,pork,viticultureandoenology.

Winners can use their funding for a range of activities including research projects, industry visits or to attend conferences and workshops.

Followinganadditionalapplicationandjudgingprocess,oneof theindustrycategoryawardrecipientswillthenreceivetheMinisterforAgriculture,FisheriesandForestry’sAward,whichprovidesanadditional$33,000infundingtofurtherdeveloptheirresearchproject.

Lastyear’sMinister’sAwardwinner,DrKeithPembleton,isidentifyingnovelsourcesof drought-tolerancetraitsinlucerne,byinvestigatingtherecentlyidentifiedlinkbetweendroughttolerance,winterdormancyandfreezingtolerance.

“Thisprojectwillenableproducerstoselectcurrentlyavailabledrought-toleranttypesof pastures,whileprovidingbreederswithnovelsourcesof droughttolerancetraitstoimprovethedroughtadaptationof lucerneintothefuture,”MinisterLudwigsaid.

Grants to realise big ideasfromyoungruralinnovators

more information

Applications for the awards close on Friday 18 November 2011. For further information and application forms visit www.abares.gov.au/scienceawards, email [email protected] or contact (02) 6272 2260.

the 2012 Science Awards are supported by the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry; Australian pork Limited; Cotton research and Development Corporation; Dairy Australia; Fisheries research and Development Corporation; Grains research and Development Corporation; Grape and Wine research and Development Corporation; Horticulture Australia and the rural Industries research and Development Corporation.

WA cratesThe professional packaging service

for WA’s finest fresh fruit and vegetables

0 email: [email protected]

WAGROWER_0909.indd 18 15/9/09 3:52:00 PM


Your industrY

Grower profile —BrettandCarolMetcalfeBrett and Carol Metcalfe’s property, Coastal Plains, is located 40 kilometres south of Geraldton. They have been growing in this region since the summer of 1993 after making the move down from sunny Kununurra.


Your industrY

Brettsaidthattheywouldhavelovedtoof stayedinKununurrabutthecostsof growingtherewererising.AtthistimeBrett’sfather,LenMetcalfe,whowasagraingrowerintheGeraldtonregion,wastellingthefamilyof theincreasingopportunitiesintheareaandalsothattherewasamplewatersupply,sotheymadethebigmovesouth.ThishasprovedtohavebeenagooddecisionasBrettsaid“landpricesarereallyexpensiveforgrowersinKununurranow”.

TobeginwiththeystartedleasinglandfromLen,thenhadanopportunitytopurchasetheirownlandandarenowon100hectares.

ThemainhorticulturecropthattheMetcalfe’sproduceisrockmelonswhichtheygrowoverthesummermonthsacross10ha.Theyhavealsoexpandedintogrowingonehectareof sweetcornasitisacropwhichcanbepickedearlierintheyearthanmelonstoextendtheircashflow.Therestof thepropertyisputintobradacrecrop.Theydidgrowbroccoliforafewyearsbutmovedawayfromitas,althoughitwaseasytogrow,theyfounditwasn’tbringinginenoughincometomakeitsustainable.

OnthepropertytheMetcalfe’salsohaveagreenhouseinwhichtheyplantobegin

growingcapsicumsandcucumbersduringthewinterperiod.

Whentheyfirststartedontheirproperty,CoastalPlainsdidn’thaveanycoolroomssotheyhadtodrivealltheproducestraightuptoGeraldtonassoonaspossibleafteritwaspicked.Dependingonthenumberof melons,theywoulddooneortwoloadsperdayof 250trayseachload.

Brettsayshedoesplanttissuetestingreligiouslywhichhasimprovedhisgrowing.Whentheyfirststartedouttheyweredoingtissuetestsbuttherewasasixtosevenyearperiodwheretheydidn’tatall.ThreeyearsagotheybeganagainandBrettsaidithasmadeabigdifferenceandisnowallpartof theprogram.

CoastalPlainsufferedabadinfestationof whiteflythreetofouryearsago,becauseof thistheyreassessedtheirpesticidesandthenintroducedmoreIPMmethods.

Tokeeppestnumbersdowntheyalsoensurethattheykeepupwithpickingthecropsquicklyandmakingsuretherearenohostplantsaroundsuchasmarshmallowormilkweed.

Inthepasttheyhavealsohadproblemswithferalcatsandfoxesthatcomeintothecropslookingformiceandchewt-tapeandputholesinit.

Brettsaidtheyhaveauniquepickerasitcleansandscrubsthemelonsastheyarepicked.Theythensitonthepackingtableforacoupleof minuteswhichBrettsayslowersthetemperatureof themelonsafewdegreeswhichreallyimprovestheshelf lifeof theproduce.

BeingsituatedsoclosetothecoasthasitsadvantagesfortheMetcalfe’sastheyexperiencethecoolingbreezeintheafternoonwhichishandyonthosehotsummerdaystokeeptheirstaff happyintheswelteringpaddocks.However,thecoolbreezecanalsohindertheirgrowingbycoolingitdowntoomuch.Abitfurther

northof CoastalPlains,growersinNorthHampton,theclosetgrowingregion,canplantonthesamedayastheMetcalf ’syetenduppickingtwoweeksearlierwithoutthecoolingbreeze.

Anotheradvantageof beingintheirareaistheycannormallystartpickingafewweeksbeforethemetropolitanmelongrowers.TheyaimtogettheirproducetoPerthafewweeksbeforeChristmasasthisiswhenpricesarebest.

The melons are planted in mid to late August, however, Brett said this will be late as there has been so much rain.

Brettsaidthatsometimesitcanbechallengingfindingstaff toworkonthefarm.Duringthepickingseasontheywillhavefivetosixstaff memberswhoaregenerallyamixof backpackersandteenagers.BrettandCarol’schildren,Owen(14),Forbes(12)andTess(10)alsohelpoutonthefarmafterschoolandinschoolholidays.

Caroltakessomeof theproducetotheGeraldtonGreenoughFarmer’sMarketinGeraldtonontheweekends.Shesaysshereallyenjoysthisasshelikeshearingthefeedbackstraightfromthepublicabouthowmuchtheyenjoythemelons.

Growingtheproduceandtheagronomyof thecropiswhatBrettsaysheenjoysaboutbeinginthegrowingworld.

WhentheMetcalfe’sfirstmovedtotheareatherewereabout15growersthere,buttheyweremostlyoldergrowerswhohavenowstoppedgrowing.Brettwoulddefiantlyencouragemoreyoungpeopletoentertheindustry.

BrettandCarolarealsoownerbuildersandwhentheyarenotgrowingenjoyworkingontheirhouseanddoingabitof travellingtotheUnitedStatesandbacktovisitKununurra.TheMetcalfe’splantocontinuegrowingwellintothefuture.


Your industrY

TLF Exports is a family owned and run company which started growing tomatoes in Geraldton in 1985.

Thesedays,theyareprimarilybasedinCaraboodabutstillhavesmallfarmsinGeraldtonandCarnarvonalso,whichmakesatotalof 11farms.MichaelLeof TLFsaidthedecisiontomakethemovefromGeraldtontoCaraboodain1997wasbecauseof thelackof waterinGeraldton.Thelackof watermeantthatitwasallonschemesothiswasverycostly.

Michaelsaidthattheadvantagesof beinginCaraboodaarethatthereisagoodwatersupplyandthequalityof thewaterandthesoilisexcellentinthisarea.OntheirpropertiestheyusedripirrigationwhichMichaelsayssavesthemalotof waterbyusingthismethod.

Along with their Carabooda properties, TLF have farms in Carnarvon and Geraldton to ensure they have all year coverage and always have something growing in the ground.

WhentheLe’sfirststartedgrowinginGeraldtontheywereonlyproducingtomatoes.Today,theyhaveamuchbroadercroprangeincludingcapsicums,eggplants,cucumbers,zucchinisandbrusselsproutsaswellasalldifferentcategoriesof tomatoes,whicharestilltheirprimarycrop.

ThebrusselsproutcropisthelargestinAustraliaandistheonlycropthatTLFhavebeengrowinginthewintermonthsontheCaraboodaproperties.Thisyeartheyaretheonlyfarmthathassuppliedbrusselsproutsformarketinthecountry.

Itwasdecidedtostartgrowingbrusselsproutsinthewintermonthsmainlytokeepstaff duringthisperiodoccupiedwhenthereisnothingelsegrowingforTLFinthemetroregion.Itisanextremelylabourintensivecropaseachsinglesproutneedstobepickedsingularlybyhandalongwiththeleaf nexttoitwhichallowsthenewsprouttogrow.TheseedisplantedinMarchandisharvesteduntilSeptemberwhichiswhentheybegingrowingtomatoesinCarabooda.

Michaelsaidthattechnologyhasimprovedhisbusinessovertheyearsasitallowsthemtocutbackonlabour,timeandimprovesefficiency.Howevertheyuselabourforallplantingandharvestingof theircrops,buthavespecialisedmachineryforallthepackingatTLFwhichisspecificallydesignedfortheirshedsasisallmachineryontheproperties.

Michaelsaidtheindustryhaschangedsincetheyfirststartedinthewayof thequalityof theproducethatisdemanded.Michael

Grower profileMichaelLeTLFExports



Your industrY

said,“Thesedaysconsumerrequirementsaredifferent,theyaremoreinterestedinthepresentationof theproduce”.

TheirCaraboodapropertywashithardbyhailinMay2010andcausedextensivedamagetocrops.

Michaelsaidthatweatheristhebiggestfrustrationassociatedwithgrowing.Thisledhimontoexplainthatthechangingclimatesaremakingithardforgrowing.Hesaid,“Theclimatesaren’tasregularastheywerefourtofiveyearsago,whichmakesithardtoestimatewhentoplantthecrops”.

TLFaredoingtrialsontrialicewayof growing,whichMichaelsaysisgoingalongreallywell.Withthetomatogrowing,theyareputtingonestakeinthegroundeveryfivemetresratherthanateveryplantwhichcutsdownonbothlabourandmaterials.

Attheendof thisyear,TLFwillbediversifyingtheirbusinessandgoingintodambarramundifarmingwhichwillbe

thelargestinAustraliaasmostotherbarramundifarmsareintheocean.

Michael said he really enjoys the growing side of the industry and the satisfaction of supplying. He also, “enjoys the challenges of being in the market and because it is different every day”.

Withthesepositiveattributes,Michaelwoulddefinitelyencouragemoreyoungpeopletoentertheindustryashefeelsthenewtechnologythatwillcontinuetobeavailablewillmakeitaloteasierforthenewgenerationof vegetablegrowers.Healsosaidthatthevegetablesindustrywillneverdieasnomatterhowbadtheeconomyispeoplewillstilleatfruitandvegetables.Withthishesaidthatheplansongrowinglongintothefuture.

Michael Le in brussel sprout crop.


Your industrY

Grower profile—GaryandPeterPaulik

Gary Paulik in potato crop.



Your industrY

UnlikemanyintheindustrythePauliksdidn’thavethelongtraditionof growingpotatoes.Instead,whenGaryandPeterfirsttookoverthefamilywasexclusivelygrowingflowers.

Itwasin2003thattheystartedgrowingpotatoes.Garysaidtheydecidedtodiversifyintogrowingpotatoesbecausetheyhadquiteabitof sparelandandhadtousetheirwaterlicence.Theyplantattheendof March-startof AprilandharvestforapproximatelysixweeksstartinginSeptemberwhichissupplyingforPool2.Garysaid,“Thechangeinseasonswiththesummersbeinglaterisabitof aproblemastheheatiscarryingonwellintoautumn”.

Garysaidthatitisaloteasiertogrowpotatoesthanflowers,asgrowingpotatoesisallmechanised,comparedtoflowerswhichareextremelylabourintensive.Mosttasksrightfromthebulbbeingplantedtotheflowersbeingpickedaredonebyhandwhich

meanshighcostsforlabour.Onthepropertytherearearound10staff fortheflowerswhereasthepotatocroponlyrequiresfourstaff members.

ThedrywintersoverthepastfewyearshavebeenaproblemforthePauliks.However,Garysaidthateverythingislookinggoodthisseasonandthattheyarehavingagoodyearwithenoughrain,sotheyhavesavedalotonelectricitywithoutneedingtopumpasmuchwater.

Oneof theadvantagesof beingsoclosetothecityisbeingclosetothemarketwhichcutsdownthetransporttimeandcosts.However,thepropertyisbeginningtobeenclosedbytheurbansprawlwhichmeanstheymayhavetorelocateinthefutureastheirratesareeverincreasing.Anotherdisadvantageof beinginaresidentialareaisthattheyhavehadproblemswithteenagersmaliciouslydamagingandvandalisingtheircrops.

Passionate potato growers Gary Paulik and his brother Peter took over their Beeliar property from their father where they have been located for 40 years. Currently they have 40 acres of their own land and lease 20 acres.

Inrecentyearstheyhaveintroducedautomatedfertilisationandwatering.Garysaidthatthecostof electricityhasgoneupsomuchthatiswhyautomatinghasimprovedtheirpracticesagreatdeal.

With the flowers the Pauliks use advanced fertigating technology. Gary said, “This was very successful so we then took these methods through into the potato crop also which has been great for production”.

ThePauliksplanstokeepgrowingintothefuturebutmayhavetorelocateeventuallyduetotheurbanisationcreepinginaroundthem.Garysaidalthoughthedaysarelongandhardhelovesthegrowinglifestylewhichiswhypotatogrowinghassoeasilybecomethefamily’spassion.


Your industrY

Dedicated grower, Tony Cosentino, says it is the growing lifestyle, being outdoors and the satisfaction of growing a crop that he loves about being in the industry. Tony’s property is 700 acres located in Gingin.

Tony,alongwithhissonDavidandstepsonCamerongrowpotatoesandlettuceinthewintertimeandsweetcornandrockmelonsduringthesummermonths.Theymovedtothispropertyin1980fromWannerooastheyexpandedtheirbusiness.

TonystartedgrowingwinterlettucewithJoeFazioforabout20years,beforeJoeretired.Tonysaid“JoewasthebestlettucegrowerinWesternAustraliaandwestillusehismethodstoday”.For15yearstheCosentinosweretheonlylettucegrowersintheGinginarea.

Afterspending20yearsbendingoverwithabackache,Tonydevelopedanexceptionallettucepickerwhichallowsfourpeopletopickandwash100–120boxesof lettuceperhour.Tonysaid“Itriedfourprototypesoverthespaceof threeyearsbeforethepickerworkedexactlyhowIwanteditto”.

Tonywouldbuildit,thentestitandfindthatitdidnotworkasplannedsowouldtryagainuntilhereachedthefinalresultwhichhasprovedmostsuccessful.Aswellassignificantlyimprovingefficiency,Tonysaidanotheradvantageof thepickeristhatstaff canworkforalongerperiodof timeastheydonotneedtoconstantlybendoversothiskeepsthemhappy.Allothermachinery

isbuiltonthepropertytosuitaccordinglyaswell.

TheCosentinosplanttheirlettuceinFebruary/MarchandpickupuntilSeptember.ForpotatoestheysupplyforPool2and3meaningtheyharvestfromSeptembertomidNovember.

David is responsible for the sweet corn crop which is planted in mid August and comes in around December. They also grow rockmelons in the same season from October and harvest February to March.

Tonysaid,“thecostof cropskeepgoingupsothereisaneedtoexpandcroptypetomakemoremoney”.

Onedisadvantageof beinginGinginasopposedtoWanneroowheretheywerelocatedoriginallyisthelongerdistancetomarketfortheCosentinos.However,theystillhave10acresof landinWannerootheyusetorotatecropson.

Onthepropertytheyalsohavehadproblemswitharound20–30wildpigsrunningaroundandeatingtheirrockmelons.Theyhadtoputincostlynewfencestostopthem.

Grower profile —Tony


Your industrY


Tonysaid,“Wealsohaveproblemswithkangaroostramplingthepotatocrops”.

This year has been a great growing season for the Cosentinos with heavy rain but no major damage. Last year they had problems with frost and hail but none this year which has been good.

Tonysaid,“Theindustryhaschangedovertheyearsastheinputscostof growinghavegoneup,butthereturnsarethesame.Thepricewegetforpotatoeshasincreasedslightlybutvegetableshavestayedthesame.”

Royal Blue Mondial Ruby Lou White Star

Althoughheacknowledgesthehardworkof growing,Tonysayshelovesit.Davidusedtoworkinsideintheradioindustrybutsaysit’snotthesameasbeingoutdoorsandintheweatherwhichiswhatheloves.Hesaid,“Onceyou’veworkedouthere,youcouldn’tgobacktoanoffice.”

CameronhasdonetwoyearsatNarroginAgricultureschoolspecialisinginequinebreedingandwouldlovetoworkwithhorsesinthefuture.

Tonysaidheplanstocontinuegrowinglongintothefutureaslongasheisable.

Varieties grown by the Cosentinos.

Cameron, Tony and David operating the lettuce picker.


Your industrY

The APC-Vegetable Producers Committee is funding some research on a spinach seedling root rot problem that plagued growers last summer.

DominieWright,seniorplantpathologist,

andIarejointlyleadingtheworkwhich

officiallystartsinOctober.Sofarsixgrowers

areparticipating.Plantsamplestakenfrom

twopropertiesseveralmonthsagoseemed

toindicatethatPythiummaybetheproblembutthisisnotyetconfirmed.

Eachpropertyhasnowbeenvisitedandsoilsamplestakenforanalysesincludingafullnutrientandsoilhealthprofile.Tohelpprovideearlyinformationonwhatpathogensmaybecausingtheproblem,agrowthcabinethasbeensetup.Spinachhasbeenplantedinpotscontainingeachsoilsampleunderwarmconditionstoseeif diseaseresults.

InearlyOctoberameetingwithgrowerswillbeorganisedtodiscusstheseresultsandplanastrategyforthecomingsummer.

more information

Contact me on (08) 9368 3393, 0467 783 981 or by email [email protected].

Spinach root rot project


AILeeN reIDDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD, WESTERN AUSTRALIA

Spinach seedlings germinating in soil that provided problems last season.

The APC-Vegetable Producers Committee has agreed to fund a research project by the Department of Agriculture and Food (DAFWA) on developing integrated virus and insect management strategies for vegetables grown in Carnarvon.

Overthelastfewyearsvirusdiseaseshavehadadevastatingimpactonyieldandqualityof vegetablecropsthere.Inextremecases,cropsarebeingabandonedpriortoharvestduetotheseverityof virusdamage.

Threeviruses,Cucumbermosaicvirus(CMV),Tomatospottedwiltvirus(TSWV)andZucchiniyellowmosaicvirus(ZYMV)occurinCarnarvon.

CMVandTSWVmainlyinfectcapsicumandtomatocropsandarespreadbyaphidsandthrips,respectively.ZYMVinfectscucurbitcropsandisspreadbyaphids.

Theprojectwillfocusongainingabetterunderstandingof howthevirusesandaphidandthripsvectorssurvivebetweengrowingseasons,demonstrateintegratedmanagementstrategiesinfieldtrialsatGascoyneResearchStation,andprovidevirustestingandinsectidentificationtogrowers.

A newsletter Virus Matters providing key information on viruses and vectors specifically for the vegetable industry in Carnarvon has been delivered monthly since July.

Research on viruses in CarnarvonbreNDA CoUttSPLANT VIROLOGIST, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD, WESTERN AUSTRALIA

Sonya Broughton and Lachlan Chilman inspect a zucchini crop.

TheDAFWAteamincludesBrendaCoutts(plantvirologist),SonyaBroughton(entomologist)andChrisSchelfhout(Carnarvonprojectmanager).TheprojectisworkingincollaborationwithCarnarvonGrowersAssociationandManchilIPMservices.

more information

For further information, or to be involved contact brenda Coutts on (08) 9368 3266 or email [email protected].



In July, Clause Pacific launched its new vegetable seed catalogue for the Australia and New Zealand markets. The document presents a range of Clause species, including new varieties bred for the local market. Among these are the Kuba, Kanga and Kolya broccoli varieties, which meet specific producer needs with their intermediate resistance to white rust. Another new variety is Habanera lettuce, which offers both excellent quality heads (colour, density and uniformity) and highly-prized resistances to downy mildew (Bl:1-28) and Nasanovia. Also of great interest: tomatoes, capsicum, beans and other species of the range specifically adapted to growing conditions in Australia and New Zealand. The catalogue is available on request from your Clause Pacific sales contacts.

www.clause-vegseeds.com

CLAUSe breeds, produces and markets innovative vegetable seeds for professionals. the company has more than two centuries of experience. It is the leader on the French vegetable seeds market. In 2010 it generated €139 million in turnover.

Hm-CLAUSe is a new business Unit created in 2008 from CLAUSe (France) and HArrIS morAN (USA). entirely devoted to vegetable seeds, this new entity is ranked fourth worldwide in its sector. Hm-CLAUSe generated more than $250 million in turnover in 2010 and employs more than 1,200 people. Its investments in research and breeding represent 14% of annual sales. Its breeding activities concern more than 20 different species. Hm-CLAUSe has commercial subsidiaries in 12 countries: mexico, brazil, Argentina, Chile, Spain, Italy, Algeria, India, thailand, Indonesia, turkey and Australia.

Hm-CLAUSe is a business Unit of Limagrain, an international agricultural co-operative group, specialized in field seeds, vegetable seeds and cereal products. Founded and managed by farmers, Limagrain is the first european seed company and 4th largest seed company in the world.

www.hmclause.com

New Clause catalogue for Australia and New Zealand

Clause pacific 165 templestowe road, Lower templestowe, VIC 3107

t: (03) 8850 5400 / F: (03) 8850 5444


Your industrY

Fighting to keep Australia safe from Zebra Chip

bY rICHArD mULCAHYAUSVEG CEO

There is immense concern that potatoes infected with the Zebra Chip disease complex from New Zealand will be permitted to enter Australia if a current request for market access by New Zealand is approved by Biosecurity Australia.

TheTomato-potatopsyllidisasmallflyinginsectthatif wasevertoreachAustralianshoreswouldresultinmillionsof dollarsbeinglostfromthepotatoindustry,aswellasthetomatoindustry.

Thereisstillrelativelylittleknownfromascientificpoint-of-viewaboutthedevastatingdisease,howitarrivedinNewZealandorhowtotreatit.Therearenoknownhealthrisksassociatedwiththeconsumptionof infectedpotatoes,however,potatoesthatareaffectedbythediseasehaveblacklinesresemblingthestripesof zebras,whichrendertheproduceunsellable.

Whatisknownaboutthediseaseisthatonitsown,theinsect(Tomato-potatopsyllid)causesyieldlossesof morethan50percent,andcanalsocarrythedisease(Liberibacter)thatkillsplants.Itonlytakesamatterof hoursforthediseasestobetransmittedbetweeninsectandplantandviceversa.

TheTomato-potatopsyllidoriginatedinNorthAmericaanditisunknownhowthepestreachedNewZealandin2006.Sincethen,ithasspreadthroughoutNewZealandandaffectscropsinthemajorityof thecountry.

TheZebraChipdiseasecomplexhascausedmillionsof dollars’worthof damageworldwideandif itwasevertoreachAustralia,itcouldmeansimilardevastatingconsequencesfortheAustralianpotatoindustry.

As well as the threat to the potato industry, the current lack of scientific knowledge available surrounding the disease is also one of the main reasons AUSVEG is concerned about New Zealand imports of potatoes.

BiosecurityAustraliahassaidinfectedpotatoeswouldinevitablybeimportedintoAustraliaif NewZealandwasgivenimportrightsandhasconsideredtheretobeadequatequarantinefacilitiestocontroltheriskof thespread.

AustralianexpertswhohavetravelledtoNewZealandtoinspectthespreadof thediseaseareconcernedaboutthelackof understandingregardingthepestandtheconsequencesof itspreadinghereinAustralia.Theyconsiderallowinginfected

potatoesintoAustraliatobehighlyirresponsible.

AUSVEGiscurrentlytakingactiontopreventNewZealandimportingfreshpotatoesintoAustraliaforprocessingandhaslaunchedits‘Don’tTaketheRisk!’campaigninordertoraisepublicawarenessof theissueandgainindustrysupport.

AUSVEGhasinitiatedapetitionandhaswrittentoeveryFederalMPandSenatorurgingthemtoensureBiosecurityAustraliadoesnotapprovetherequestbyNewZealandtoimportpotatoes.

Sofar,AUSVEG’sinitiativeincirculatingthepetitionhashadincrediblesupportfromgrowers,witharound1,000signaturesobtainedfromrightaroundtheAustralia,however,themoresignaturesAUSVEGreceivesthemorepressurewecanexert.

more information

Visit www.ausveg.com.au to download the petition or contact AUSVeG on (03) 9822 0388.

the petition needs to be printed and signed and then sent back to the AUSVeG office by post to: po box 2042, Camberwell West, Victoria, 3124.


Your industrY

A new drought reform program through which farm businesses can access funding of up to $30,000 to build more resilience into their operations, is open for business.

InMaytheAustralianGovernmentannouncedthatanexistingpilotschemeinWesternAustraliawasbeingextendedby12monthsto30June2012.Itwillnowcoverabroadrangeof farmingbusinessesovertheentireSouthWestRegionasfarnorthasExmouth.

Themeasuresaredesignedtomovefromacrisismanagementapproachtoriskmanagementtobettersupportfarmersandruralcommunitiesinpreparingforfuturechallengessuchasclimatechange,ratherthanwaitinguntiltheyareincrisis.

TheDepartmentof AgricultureandFood,WA(DAFWA)isfundinganddeliveringaspectsof theprogramtoenablefarmerstodeveloporupdateastrategicplanfortheirbusiness.

DepartmentcoordinatorJamesDeesaiditwasanewopportunityforhorticulturalbusinesses,notjustbroadacrefarmers,andownersshouldregisterassoonaspossibletoensuretheywerekeptinformedaboutwhatwashappening.

“Irrigatedhorticulturalbusinesseshaven’tbeenabletoaccessthistypeof fundingbefore,”hesaid.

“Itisanopportunityforthesebusinessestocriticallyanalysewhattheyaredoingandpotentiallyfundthekeyactivitiesthatwillbuildresilienceintotheirbusinesses.

“Whenweknowhowmanyareinterested,wewillformgroupsthatareasindustry-specificaspossible,”MrDeesaid.

“Theywillthenneedtoattendaseriesof fiveworkshopstobuildtheirskillsinbusinessplanning.”

Groups of 12 to 15 businesses, about 30 participants, will allow members to learn from each other as well as the facilitators.

Fromthistraining,thebusinesseswillneedtoproduceastrategicplan,indicatingthekeyactivitiesplanned.Thesemightincludenewboresordams,soilmoisturemonitoring,changesinproductionsystems,successionplanningorbetteraccountingsystems.

“Thisisagreatopportunitytotakeafreshlookatyourbusinessplan,”MrDeesaid.

“Oncedrawnup,theplanswillbeevaluatedindependentlyandmaybecomeeligibleforthegrantof upto$30,000toputthemintopractice.”

BothtrainingandgrantapplicationsneedtobecompletedbyMay2012,butpaymentscouldcontinueuntil2014.DetailsareontheDAFWAwebsiteatwww.agric.wa.gov.au.

more information

For further information, contact James Dee on (08) 9780 6285 or 0429 687 050.

New opportunity for farm businesses

The Wanneroo Tavern attracted a large crowd of growers in July to develop priorities in the APC/VPC and HAL-funded Good Practice Demonstration project.

Growersparticipatedinactivitiestoidentifyimportantissuesandhighlightedtheonesthattheywouldliketolearnmoreaboutinacombinationof fielddaysoreveningworkshops.

Araftof issueswasidentifiedthatcouldbebrokendownintoProduction,OperationalandMarketAccess.Thetwomosttopicalweretheimpendingbanonfowlmanureandwateravailability.

Growerswerealsokeentohavemoreinformationonpestanddiseasemanagement,basicsoilscienceandnutrientinteractions,chemicalusepermitsandthepotentialimpactof theCarbonTax.

Wewilltrytoaddresstheseissues.ThatmayincludesourcingexpertisefromwithintheStateorinterstatetopresenttogrowers.Itisintendedtohaveatleastthreefieldeventsayearwithadditionalmeetingsandworkshopswhenrequired.

Sopleasesupportthisgrower-fundedprojectinwhichthedirectionshavebeensetbythegrowers.

more information

the next topic will be one of the big ones concerning water, or the ban on using fowl manure. So keep your ears and eyes open for the invites and come along to access the resources being made available by the Department of Agriculture and Food and by vegetablesWA.

Growers driving Good Practice agenda



Your industrY

Figure 1 Virus infected plants in generation 3 seed potatoes (estimated)

Source: DAFWA

6.00

5.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

% In

fect

ed p

lant

s

Year

Viruses can be a serious issue for potatoes, especially seed potato crops, so testing of registered and certified seed potato crops is an important use of potato research funds again in 2011–12.

VirustestingisundertakenbyAGWESTPlantLaboratoriesattheDepartmentof AgricultureandFood,WA(DAFWA)fundedthroughtheAgriculturalProduceCommission’sPotatoProducersCommittee.Thisbeganin2004–05andhascontinuedasanannualprojectsincethen.Fortwoyearspriorto2004–05itwasjointlyfundedbyAPC-PPCandHorticultureAustraliaLimited.

Potato seed schemes begin with expensive tubers produced in tissue culture laboratories. These must be multiplied over several growing seasons to produce affordable seed.

Eachbulkingiscalledageneration.Seedpotatoesaremostoftensoldafterfourorfivegeneration’smultiplication.Theprojectseekstoprovideimprovedcontrolof virusesintheseedschemesthroughlaboratoryvirusteststocomplementtheusualvisualfieldinspections.Allgeneration2-sown(G2)cropswillbelaboratory-testedclosetosenescencetogiveanestimateof viruslevelsintheG3seedbeingproduced.Armedwiththeseresults,seedgrowersthenhavetheopportunitytomanageriskspriortosowingtheirG3crops.

Cropswillbeassessedforthepresenceof potatoleaf rollvirus(PLRV),tomatospottedwiltvirus(TSWV),potatovirusS(PVS),potatovirusX(PVX)andpotatovirusY(PVY)byELISAortissueprintlaboratorytestsonatleast350leaf samplesfromall

Protecting potato seed from viruses

G2-sowncropsontheproperty.Aminimumof 40sampleswillbetakenpervariety,collectedandtestedbyDAFWAstaff.

Samplesaretakenduringroutineseedcropvisualinspections.Testingwillbeundertakenpromptlyonreceiptof thesamples,andgrowersandthecertificationauthorityshouldreceiveresultswithinaweekof sampling.Growerswithpositiveresultswillbecounselledonremedialactionordisposalof thecrops.Summaryresultswillbecommunicatedatindustrymeetings.

Virustestingoverthelastdecadehasshownthataverylowproportionof G3seedpotatoeshavebeeninfected,butlevelshaverisensince2008whilestillbelowonepercent(seeFigure1).Thesevirusrisesreflectseriousdetectionsof diseaseinafewcrops.Theseweredealtwith,thuspreventinggreaterdamageoccurringinsubsequentcrops.Numbersof detectionsof potatovirusYhavebeenincreasing.

Thisprojectgeneratesrapidfeedbacktoseedgrowersonwhichtheycandetermineriskandmakeinformedmanagementdecisions.Summariesof resultsarepresentedtovisitingoverseasdelegationsandthenationalindustry.TheyclearlydemonstratethattheWAindustryisincontrolof itsviruslevelsandisthecleanestseedinAustralia.

TheAPC-PPChasalsofunded40%of theseedpotatocertificationschemecostssince2004–05andwillcontinuetodosoin2011–12.Thissubsidyforregisteredandcertifiedseedaimstoencourageseedgrowerstoparticipateintheseschemes

Thecontributionrecognisesthatthewholeindustrywillbenefitfromtheflowof healthyseedpotatoes.

bY mArK HoLLANDDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD, WESTERN AUSTRALIA


Your industrY

In August, West Australian growers opened their farm gates to a tour of young vegetable growers from Victoria. The tour involved growers ranging in age from 18 to 30, growing a variety of vegetables across Victoria.

Thefirststopof thetripwasatourof FarmlandGreens,asproutgrowerinBullsbrook.ItwasthenontoLooseLeaf LettuceCompanyforaverydetailedguidedtourfromMaureenDobra,finishingoff withalookattheexcellentlargescaleoperationatBogdanichFarmsatGingin.

Itwasthenoff toCarnarvontoseesomeof theirrigationtrialsattheDepartmentof AgricultureandFood,WA(DAFWA)andvariousdripirrigationsetupsatWayneWhitcroft’sfarm.

Thegrowersthenreceivedaguidedtourof theBananaShedinaction,adetaileddiscussionattheBumbak’sproperty,whichhadtoincludeavisittotheironfarmshop,andfinally,endingthedayattheCarnarvonGrowersAssociation.

TheyounggrowersvisittoWAendedwithatourof thePerthMarketsaswellaspresentationsfromBobPaulin,AileenReidandRohanPrincefromDAFWA,aboutsomeof theworkbeingdoneonvegetableproductioninWA.Throughoutthetripmanyinterestingquestionsandquerieswereraisedaftereachvisit,whichleadtosomein-depthdiscussionsabouthowandwhythingsmayhavebeendoneabitdifferentlyoverinthewest.

All in all the tour was thoroughly enjoyed by the young growers who, undoubtedly, all left with some new ideas about irrigation scheduling, mechanisation and marketing strategies or simply did some important networking.

bY CHArLotte bUtLer VEGETABLESWA

Young growers tourAugust2011

Iwouldliketothankallthegrowerswhogaveuptheirvaluabletimetoshowusaroundtheirproperties,withoutwhom,thetourwouldnothavebeenthesuccessitwas.Throughallowingyounggrowerstheexperienceof seeinghowthingscanbedonedifferently,WAproducershavemadeangreatcontributionthroughtheirinformationsharing,andhopefullywereabletogetsomenewideasfromtheirVictorianguestsaswell.

Iwouldalsoliketomakementionof theCarnarvonGrowersAssociation,DAFWAandthePerthMarketAuthorityforalltheircontributionstothesuccessof hostingthetourgroupfromVictoria.

Maureen Dobra speaking to the growers at the Loose Leaf Lettuce Company.


Your industrY

bY peter DAWSoNPOTATO PROJECT MANAGER, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD, ALBANY

A substantial consignment of Western Australian seed potatoes was sent to Indonesia recently, following pre-shipment rather than post-shipment testing for pests and diseases.

ThisisanewdevelopmentpioneeredbyLakeJaspergrowerandexporter,TomFox,involvingclosecooperationwiththeDepartmentof AgricultureandFood,quarantineauthoritiesinbothcountriesandtestinglaboratories.Long-term,wehopethatthisbecomesaroutineprocess,duetotheobviousadvantagesinreducingdelaysintransportingaperishableproducttoitsfinaldestination.

WesternAustraliahasanexcellentreputationasasourceof disease-freepotatoseed.Inthepast,growershaveexportedseedtovarious

Seed potatoes clear hurdles for overseas sale

south-eastAsianandIndianOceancountriesaswellasinterstate,butinteresthasincreasedsinceWAobtainedareafreedomfrompotatocystnematodein2010.

BeforeexportseedpotatoeshavetobecertifiedbyDAFWAstaff andthenundergophytosanitarychecksfromAQIS.

Establishing government to government protocols for such trade is often a lengthy process, but is very important to prevent the risk of spreading diseases or pests.

DuringtherecentexercisefiveIndonesianquarantineofficialsfromvariouspartsof IndonesiacametoWesternAustraliafortwoweeks,duringwhichtimetheyvisitedpotatopackinghousesatDonnybrook,ManjimupandYarlooptosamplepotatoes.TheythencarriedoutextensivetestingatMurdochUniversityforavarietyof pestsanddiseases.

DuringavisittotheDepartmentinSouthPerth,theymetDirector-General,RobDelaneandotherseniorstaff.OneIndonesianplantpathologistdescribedhowpotatocystnematodehadbeenintroduced

toIndonesiawithseedpotatoes,hencetheywerenowbeingmoreselectiveaboutseedpotatosuppliers.

Theteamonlyfoundtwospeciesof fungusinalltheirlaboratorytests.Noneof thetargetedviruses,viroids,bacteriaornematodesweredetected.

GrowerandexporterTomFoxof LakeJasperCertifiedSeedPotatoessaidthatpre-shipmentratherthanpost-shipmentinspectionhadmajoradvantages,preventingtheriskof perishablecommoditiessittingforlengthyperiodsonIndonesianwharvesawaitinginspectionandthendistribution.

MrFoxhasbeenexportingseedpotatoestoIndonesiaformorethan10years.InlateMaythefirstconsignmentof 1,300tonnesof hispotatoeswentthroughthesameprocessbeforeexport.

“Sendingperishableproductsoverseasentailsalargerisk,asyoucan’tbringitbackif itfailsanytests,”hecommented.

“Astandardisedsystemof testingbeforeshipmentwouldhavehugeadvantagesforbothexportersandimporters.”

(Left to right): Plant pathologists Iman Suryaman and Ummu Salamit Rustiani, vice team leader, David Windsor, DAFWA Director Irrigated Agricultural Industries Development, Sudarisman Suyoko, delegation leader, Tom Fox from Lake Jasper Certified Seed Potatoes, Agus Supanto, Simon Johnson, DAFWA Director Trade Development and Primada Kuliahsari.


BusinessYOUR

Your Business


Your Business

Visibility is a key factor for thieves. If thieves believe they can get into and out of your property without being seen, your property is at higher risk.

securing farm machineryWherepossible,storefarmmachineryinasecuredshed,preferablyinsightof afarmhouse,orgroupedinahighlyvisiblearea.If ashedisnotavailable,afencedenclosurethatcanbepadlockedisagoodalternative.

• If machineryneedstobeleftonlocationovernight,if possible,positionmachinerywhereitcanbeseenfromaneighbour’soremployee’shouse,orparkitoutof sightof passers-bybehindahillortreeline.

• Lockvehiclesandmachinery.

• Removethekeysfrompoweredequipmentandif possibleandpractical,disabletheequipmentbyremovingthedistributorcap,rotororbattery.

• Youcansecureequipmentwithheavychainsandgoodqualitylocks.Eitherchainandlockpiecesof equipmenttogether;ortotreesorotherstationaryobjects;orchainthereartothefrontwheeloraxle.

• Avoidleavingvaluableitemsdisplayedinsideavehicleorleavetoolsorotheritemsscatteredinvehicletrays,itmaybe

targeted.If atoolboxisattached,securethecontentswithagoodqualitypadlock.

• Uselockablefuelcaps.

• Maintainaninventorywithadescription,recordof serialnumbers,chassisandmodelnumbersof machines.

• Photographorvideomachineryandvaluableitems.

Property markingPropertymarkingdeterstheftandmakessellingof stolengoodsharder.Thereareanumberof optionsformarkingproperty:

• Hardetching

• Welding

• Etching

• Metalpunching

• Chemicalmarking

• Propertyregistration

• Microdottechnology

• Microchiptechnology

• Ausefulidentificationistomarkequipmentwithyourdriver’slicencenumberfollowedbytheletters‘WA’foryourstate.Oruseyourproperty’sstockbrand.

• Maintainacompletelistof allpropertyandstockwithdescriptionsof thecolour,serialnumbers,uniquemarkingsandIDnumbers.

Rural crime prevention

key messages• Consider surveillance when

designing and erecting new buildings, sheds or stockyards. Ideally, build them in sight of a farm house.

• opportunity and accessibility are other key considerations for thieves. make it hard for thieves to access your property to discourage them.

• Construct sheds from strong materials with heavy duty rollers or metal gates at entrances. Use good quality chains and padlocks to lock doors or gates.

• Consider installing closed circuit television (CCtV). this can assist in a successful identification and prosecution of offenders.

• Secure gates. A gate is only secure if it is closed and locked. Gates at entrances to your property and high risk areas should be as strong as possible, mounted securely to strong corner posts, and locked with heavy-duty chains and padlocks.

• movement sensored spotlights could also be considered where practical.

Courtesyof theOfficeof StrategicCrimePrevention


Your Business

• Photographsorvideosmakeexcellentsupportingdocuments,andcanbeusefultodescribeanitemoranimal,andkeepinasecurelocation.

• Advertisethatyourpropertyhasbeenmarkedbyattachinglabelsonmachineryandbuildings.

• Sellingyourequipment—someequipmentmaychangehandsmanytimes.ItissuggestedyounotifythenewownerthatyouhavemarkedyourequipmentwithanIDnumberandsuggestthatthenewownerputhis/hermarkbelowyours.

fuel tank securityThetheftof fuelisoneof themostcommontypesof theftonfarms.

• Lockyourfueltankcut-off valveratherthanthenozzleandhose.If thereisanelectricallycontrolledpumponthetank,locatethecontrolswitchinalockedbuildingorinthehouse,andturnoff theelectricitywhenthefueltankisnotinuse.Closeandlockthevalvesonallon-groundandoverheadtankswhennotinuse.

• Turnoff powertopumps.

• Fueltheftcanbereducedbyproperlylocatingstoragetanks.Tanksarelessvisibleandmuchmoredifficulttostealfromwhenplacedunderground.

• Onlargeproperties,wheretanksareneededtoserviceisolatedareasof theproperty,ensuretheyarekeptlockedandlocatedoutof sightof apublicroad.Consideronlyfillingthesetanksoverthetimetheyareinuse.

• Mobiletanksusedtoservicefarmmachineryoverbusyperiodsalsoneedtobelockedandstoredoutof sightwhennotinuse.

• Dipyourtanksandmonitoryourfuelusagesothatyouknowif thereisanunexplainedlossof fuel.Installaflowmetertosupervisefueluse.

• Keepabookatthetankforeachusertorecordfuelusageforvariousvehiclesandmachinery.

trespassers• Place‘NoTrespassing’and‘Private

Property’signsatentrypointsfromroadsorhighways,includingthemainentrancetoyourhome,accessroadstopaddocksandareasalongboundaryfences.Thesesignsnotifyintrudersthattheyaretrespassing.

• Putupwarningsignslettingpotentialthievesandtrespassersknowthattherearewatchdogs,alarmsonthepremises,andidentificationmarksonallyourequipment.

• Sturdyfenceswithgateslocatedatpropertyaccesspointspreventtrespassing.

• ContactthePoliceif yourfencesappeartobedeliberatelycutortamperedwith.

reporting a crimeNotheftistoosmalltoreport!Itmayoffertheclueleadingtoanarrestorthebreakingof anagriculturalcrimering.

• Trynottodisturbanythinginoraroundtheareainvolveduntilthepolicearrive.

• Preventpeopleoranimalsfromtrampingaroundtheareaorinareaswhereentrywaspossiblymade.

• Policewillrequire:

—informationsuchaswheretheitemswerepurchased;and

—descriptiveinformationandanyotherinformationthatmightbeof usetoofficersinregardtosuspiciouspeopleandvehicles.

hoW to rePort a crime

Your local police — 131 444 Crime Stoppers — 1800 333 000 www.crimestoppers.com.au

rural WatchConsider joining rural Watch, which is part of Neighbourhood Watch (NHW). Neighbourhood Watch is a series of programs aimed at making individuals aware of crime prevention initiatives and activities in and around the home, within rural communities, by the ocean and in schools.

It is about working together as a community to improve our personal safety and household security.

most importantly, it is about encouraging interaction and a sense of responsibility between neighbours and communities. Neighbourhood Watch is about you, your local neighbourhood, the wider community and the WA police working together to establish and maintain a safer community by:

• reducing violence, crime and fear

• building a safer community

• preventing crime that affects you

• enhancing effective communication, and

• Developing community spirit.

to find out how to join NHW log on to www.nhw.wa.gov.au or phone (08) 9356 0555.


Your Business

This temperature/humidity sensor was hung in a low technology greenhouse located in Western Sydney to monitor conditions for developing the parameters of the uncontrolled greenhouse in the experiments..


Your Business

Low technology greenhouses offer only limited control of the growing environment but are widely used in the greenhouse industry. However, for growers wanting to upgrade their systems, to date, little information has been available about the impact of investing in new technologies on yields and economics of crop production.

Usingcucumberasamodel,theHorticultureAustraliaprojectImproving Greenhouse Systems and Production Practicesaimedtoaddressthisissue.Theprojectalsoevaluatedincreasingplantdensityasapotentialstrategytoboostyields,andprovidecooling,inlowtechnologygreenhouses.

Initially,theprojectmonitoredconditionsinanumberof commercialgreenhouses,todevelopthegreenhousecontroltreatmentsforexperimentsconductedatGosfordPrimaryIndustriesInstitute,NSW.Fourgreenhouseswereconfiguredtoprovidearangeof environmentalconditionssimulatinglowtohightechnologygreenhouses.

Thesewere:

1. Full control (high technology).ThegreenhouseclimatewasmanagedusingaPrivacontrolsystem.Hydronicheatingwasusedwhenrequiredandcoolingwasusedwhenrequiredwithfan,foggingandevaporativepad.

2. Moderate control (medium technology).Thisinvolvedhydronicheatingwhenrequired,coolinginwinterprovidedwithpassiveventilationthroughfanventsopenedmanuallyduringtheday,coolinginsummerwithfanandfogging.

3. Minimal control (low technology).Thisinvolvednoheating,coolinginwinterprovidedwithpassiveventilationthroughfanventsopenedmanuallyduringtheday,coolinginsummerprovidedwithpassiveventilationthroughopenendsof greenhousecoveredwithinsectmeshandwhitewashpaintedonplasticfilmof greenhouse.

4. No control (low technology).Thisinvolvednoheating,coolinginwinterprovidedonlyduringharvesttimesbyopeningdoors,andcoolinginsummerprovidedwithpassiveventilationthroughopenendsof thegreenhousecoveredwithinsectmesh.

Cucumber crops were grown in different seasons to capture the range of conditions in which greenhouse cucumbers are normally produced.

Plantsweregrownatthreedensities(2,2.5and3plants/m2)toexaminetheeffectof density,andtheinteractionof densityand

greenhousecontrol,onmarketableandunmarketableyield.

Therewasatrendof increasedyield(totalweightof marketablecucumbers)asconditionswereimprovedincrementallytofullycontrolledconditions,typicalof hightechnologygreenhouses.Increasingplantdensityalsoincreasedyields,regardlessof thelevelof greenhousecontrol.Becausethecropitself hasacoolingeffect,increasingplantdensitycouldpotentiallybeusedasastrategytoreduceheatloadsinlowtechnologygreenhouses,whilstboostingyield.

Economicanalysisshowedthatthesmallinvestmentinlabourtomanuallyopenventsinthenocontrolgreenhouse,forimprovedventilation,returned$65.70persquaremetreforeverydollarinvestedover10years.Toupgradetoabrandnewmediumtechnologygreenhousereturned$1.70persquaremetreforeverydollarinvestedover10years.Theseresultsprovideclearevidenceof theeconomicbenefitof improvinggreenhousesystemswhichshouldencouragetheindustrytomovetowardsamediumtechnology-basedindustry.

How profitable is upgrading your greenhouse?

The effect of controlling conditions on cucumber crops planted at the same time in winter. The crop on the left was heated (full control treatment), the crop on the right was unheated (uncontrolled treatment).

bY SopHIe pArKS RESEARCH HORTICULTURIST, NSW DPI


Your Business

The National Farmers’ Federation (NFF) Agribusiness Loan Monitor compares and contrasts the agribusiness loan rates of the major banks and other financial institutions to shed light on bank rates and products.

Thistoolisdesignedtohelpfarmersandruralbusinessoperatorstomakedecisionsregardingbankingproducts,throughacomparisonof agriculturalloansandinterestrates.TheAgribusiness Loan MonitorwillbereleasedeachmonthfollowingtheReserveBankof Australia(RBA)rateannouncement.

NFFhaspartneredwithCanstarCannextoprovidethisvaluabletooltoallAustralianfarmers.Thelatestmonitorisavailabletoviewatwww.nff.org.au/publications.html?hilite=interest+rate.

Effective from the commencement of the first pay period on or after 1 July 2011

Important!Beforeusingthesewagerates,pleaseensurethattheemployeeisnotcoveredbyanawardoragreement.PhoneWagelineformoreinformation.

ThisinformationshouldbereadinconjunctionwiththeMinimum Conditions of Employment Act 1993,whichappliestomostemployeesworkingintheWestern

Minimum conditions of employment Minimumratesof pay

Age full time weekly rate (38 hours)

Hourly rate casual hourly rate

Adult (21 years or more) $607.10 $15.98 $19.18

20 years $546.40 $14.38 $17.26

19 years $485.70 $12.79 $15.34

18 years $425.00 $11.19 $13.43

17 years $364.30 $9.59 $11.51

16 years $303.60 $7.99 $9.59

Under 16 years $242.90 $6.40 $7.67

Australianlabourrelationssystem.TheActisimpliedintoStateawards,industrialagreements,employer-employeeagreementsandemploymentcontracts.TheActalsoprovidestheminimumconditionsof employmentforawardfreeemployees.

Anyprovisioninanaward,agreementor

employmentcontractthatislessfavourable

totheemployeethanaminimumcondition

of employmenthasnoeffect.

do you want to be kept updated?Call 1300 655 266 to subscribe to Wageline Watch and Award Alert.

www.commerce.wa.gov.au/wageline

Agribusiness loan monitor


environmentYOUR

Your environment

.

Head Office

United Crate Co Operative Pty Ltd. Perth Office: 1 Zanni Street Canning Vale WA 6155

Phone: (08) 9455 1540 Fax: (08) 9455 2376 Email: [email protected]

Web: www.unicrates.com.au

Hire of crates and bins are available at a competitive low hire charge. Hire of picking crates and bins for the olive,

wine and seafood industry.

Sale crates and bins both new and second hand.

5 depots to service the regional areas.

Carnarvon Growers Assoc. (08) 9941 8384 Sands Depot Manjimup (08) 9777 1777 Sands Depot Geraldton (08) 9921 5494 G J Freight Donnybrook (08) 9731 1358 Ron Mercer Transport (Golden Mile) Donnybrook (08) 9731 1715


Your environment

The stable fly or biting fly causes severe distress to livestock, resulting in loss of production and major animal welfare issues.

Thisflyalsohasahugeimpactonhumanlifestyle,especiallyinruralandruralresidentialcommunities,byrestrictingoutdooractivitiesandseverelyaffectingdomesticpets.Hencetheongoingcontrolof thebitingflyiscriticaltominimisetheimpactonlivestockproductionandthewelfare,healthandwellbeingof theresidentsintheaffectedareas.

Thebitingflyisverysimilarinsizeandappearancetothecommonhouseflyandbushfly—themajordifferencebetweenthesefliesisthatthebitingflyhasaprominentbitingmouthpart.Thebitingflyisapersistentpest,feedingonanimalsseveraltimesaday,preferringtobitecattleandhorses,butalsoattackhumans,domesticpetsandotherlivestock.Althoughcommonlycalledthestablefly,thisflyisrarelyfoundbreedinginhorsestables;thenameishistoricalandwasgiventotheflyoveracenturyagowhenitwasfirstfoundbreedinginhorsestablesinthenorthernhemisphere.

Biting flies lay their eggs into rotting vegetative matter, discarded animal waste as well as a variety of sources of decaying material.

Oncetheeggshatch,thegrowinglarvaecan

feedonthedecayingvegetationuntilfully

matured.Thelarvaethenburrowintothe

sand,wheretheypupate,andburrowback

outof thesandasanadultinsearchof a

bloodmeal.

DrDavidCook,fromtheUniversityof

WesternAustralia,hasbeenworkingtwo

daysaweekintheworstaffectedareasto

monitor,informandeducatealllandholders

including;commercialvegetablegrowers,

livestockowners,farmersandruralresidents

onhowtoreducethelevelof breedingof

thispest.DrCookhasanumberof good

practicemanagementstrategiestoassist

inthecontrolof thebitingflyandother

nuisanceflies.Thefollowinginformation

isspecificallytailoredtoassistvegetable

growerscombatthispest.

outline of high risk scenariosFlybreedingcanoccurinrottingcrop

residuesaswellasrejectorabandoned

produce.Thereisaveryhighriskof breeding

bitingfliesin:

• Cropswithalargeamountof leaves,stalks

andfruitleftafterharvest(seeFigure2).

• Cropswithwoodyrootssuchasbrassicas,celeryandlettucethatrotinthecentrewhereflylarvaearewellprotected.

• Cropswhichhavebeenabandonedduetonumerouscircumstances.

• Rejectproducethathastobedisposedof correctly.

• Vegetablecropsgrownduringspring,summerandautumnonporous,sandysoils.

best practice recommendations to minimise these high risk scenarios

• Highspeedmulchingtobreakingupcropresidues,assoonaspossibleafterharvest,intoassmallapiecesaspossible,toreducetheopportunityforfliestobreed.

• Minimizethenumberof harvestsandtimetakentocompleteharvestasthiswillreducetheamountof timethatcropresiduescanstartrottingandbeleftexposedtoflies.

• Onceadecisionhasbeenmadetoabandonthecrop,immediateactionmustbetakentoremovetheunharvestablefruitasthesewillprovideanidealplaceforfliestobreed,wheretheyarewellprotectedfrominsecticides.

• Immediatedeepburial(atleast500millimetresof soil)of rejectproductisrecommendedasflieswouldnothavechancetolayeggsonthematerial.

Combating biting fly

Crop residues left after harvesting. Rotting centre of brassica stalk.

bY CHArLotte bUtLer VEGETABLESWA


Your environment

• Allowingthecropresiduetodryoutonthesoilsurface

• Theuseof insecticideswhenflylarvaeareclearlypresent

chemical control of fly breedingTomaximizetheeffectivenessof insecticidesusedtocontrolflybreedingrestricttheiruseto:

• Lateinthedaywhenconditionsarecool

• Tosoilthatissurfacemoist

• Applicationsof atleast1,000litresof

waterperhectare.

Only use chemicals registered for use against fly larvae (trichlorfon and dichlorvos).

Productsmustbeappliedinaccordance

withthelabelorwithAPWMAPermit.

Foruptodateinformationcontact

vegetablesWAortheAPVMAwebsite

www.apvma.gov.au.

more information

many thanks to Dr David Cook who provided information and worked closely with vegetablesWA to ensure we deliver growers the best management strategies to combat this pest.

If you require any further information or assistance with regard to the management strategies outlined please contact vegetablesWA field extension officer Charlotte butler on 0427 373 037 or [email protected].

Abandoned tomato crop. Reject produce being dumped in pits.

·RUSTICA PLUS (COMPOUND NPK)·GOLD PLUS (COMPOUND NPK)·PLATINUM PLUS (COMPOUND NPK)·CALCIUM NITRATE RANGE·TRACE IT RANGE (MICRONUTRIENT)·SOLU-K (POTASSIUM SULPHATE)·AQUA-FERT (LIQUID CAL NITRATE)·POTASSIUM NITRATE RANGE·DIAMOND RANGE (SOLUABLE NPK)

DISTRIBUTED BY:

E.E. Muir & Sons Pty Ltd32 Lancaster RoadWangara, W.A 6065Ph: 08 9409 6847Fax: 08 9409 9601Contact:Chris Hartl 0429 182 109Michael Wallhead 0437 022 187Web: www.eem.com.au

EXTENSIVE RANGE OF QUALITY FERTILISERS INCLUDING:


marketYOUR

Your market


Your market

School visits form an integral part of Western Potatoes community educational program. One of the many schools visited this year has been Wembley Primary School.

WesternPotatoeshavebeenfortunatetohavebeeninvitedonseveraloccasionsoverthepastthreeyearstoWembleyPrimarySchooltoparticipateintheirPotatoDaysandalsoFruit&Vegieweeks.Lastterm,WesternPotatoesandBudtheSpudvisitedtheschoolforanotherPotatoDay.

One of the canteen staff, Alison, generously offered her services to be Bud the Spud for the day.

Budwasmadewelcomebybothstudentsandstaff alike.ThestudentsabsolutelylovedBud,withmanycrowdingaroundandfollowing‘him’wherever‘he’went.Theykepthigh-fivingandhugging‘him’.WPPLwouldliketoofferaveryspecialthankyoutoAlisonwhodidafantasticjobasBudtheSpudasshereallygotintotherole.

WesternPotatoesdonateda20kilogrambagof RoyalBluepotatoestotheschool.Junell,theCanteenManagerusedthemtocookroastedpotatowedgeswhichwerehandedouttoallthestudentsof boththeprimaryandpre-primaryschool.Agroupof studentsalsoassistedBudinhandingoutshowbagsconsistingof Feel Good Food magazines,stickers,colouring-insheetsandinformationaboutpotatoestoeveryoneduringrecess.

WesternPotatoeshadagreattimeandlookforwardtoournextvisittoWembleyPrimarySchool.

School visits —WembleyPrimarySchool

Wembley Wedges • Scrub and prick the potatoes.

microwave potatoes until they are just a little bit soft. Cut into chunky wedges.

• toss into baking dish with a little olive oil and sprinkle with your favourite chopped herbs or a light sprinkle of garlic salt.

• bake until crispy and eat.

or

• Leave out herbs and salt. bake and dip in a little sour cream or sweet chilli dip.

Your market

New look dressingandmicrowavers

WesternPotatoeshadthepleasureof revealingthenewlookproductsduringtherecentEveryWomanExpo.BoththedressingsandmicrowavecapsuleshadbeenreallywellreceivedduringtheExpowithsalesexceedingourexpectations.

Dressings have been steadily selling currently and it is hoped that their new look will spur on even more sales during what is normally the quieter winter period.

bY ANNe KIroUWESTERN POTATOES

It’s been a long time from inception to end product but we have finally got there. The dressings with their new look bottles and labels along with the blue microwavers are now here.

Theaimof changingthebottlesandlabelswastogivethedressingsafreshnewlook.Withtheirmodern,funkyappearanceweshouldbeabletotargetthemoreboutiquestylefruitandvegiestoreswho,todate,havenotbeenstockingourproducts.

Themicrowaverhastakenonnotonlyanewcolour—bluetint,butwehavealsoupdatedthepackaginggivingitamorelivelycleanerappearancewithup-to-dateinformationregardingitsversatility.

Bothdressingsandmicrowaverswillbemakinganappearanceontheretailshelveswithinweeks.

77WA Grower September 2011 77 2011WA Grower September


Your market

WPPL attended the Canteen Expo on July 22 at the Perth Convention Exhibition Centre. ‘Being Part of the Puzzle’ was the theme for the expo.

WPPLisalwayslookingforwaystobeapartof thatpuzzle.Weworktowardsensuringchildrengetqualityandnutritiousfoodintheircanteensandalsoatwaysof encouragingchildrenandparentstoincludepotatoesintheirdiet.

Helping schools ‘break ground’ in their school gardens Withsomanyschoolsnowhavingvegetablegardens,WPPLstuckoutitsgreenthumbtoassistschoolswithgrowingspuds.WPPLhasorganisedaSeedforSchoolsprogram,andtheinterestthusfar,hasbeenverygood.

ThisyearattheexpowepromotedourSeedforSchoolsprogramthatisbeingheadedupbyAnneKirou.SchoolscanregistertheirinformationandmakeanorderforseedpotatoesfortheirschoolgardenwithdeliveriesinearlyMarch.Thisisthefirstyearwehaveofferedthisprogramandwearehopingforgoodthings.Wealsoinformedtheattendeesof theexpoaboutouravailabilitytoconducttalks.Inaddition,wedistributedschooleducationalpackswhichshowhowpotatoesaregrownaswellasthehistory,lifeline,andnutritionalqualitiesof thespud.During

19th Annual Canteen Conference&HealthyChoiceFoodExpo

thecourseof theday,wealsosampledtheRoyalBlueBulkMashandpromoteditasaneasy-to-usenutritionalproductwithinthecanteen.

This year the Expo felt quieter than in previous years but the positive coming from this is that it gave us the opportunity to talk to the canteen managers in a more friendlier and less rushed environment.

ThisyearwasworthourwhileparticipatingintheCanteenExpoasitwastheperfecttimetolaunchournewSeedforSchoolsprogram.Dependingonthefeedbackwereceiveinregardstoschoolvisitsinthecomingmonthswilldeterminewhetherweparticipateagainin2012.

rICK AmoSRETAIL AND CONSUMER OFFICER WESTERN POTATOES


selfselfselfselfYOUR

Your self


Your self

Recipes

IngredientsChowder

3 bunches broccolini® baby broccolini, stems finely sliced, heads roughly chopped

250g potatoes, peeled, roughly chopped

1 medium carrot, finely chopped

1 stick celery, finely chopped

2 cups baby spinach

12 green prawns, peeled

100g salmon, diced

1L chicken stock

2 tbsp chopped fresh chives

2 tbsp chopped fresh parsley

Salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste

Aioli

1 bunch broccolini® baby broccolini, roughly chopped

4 cloves garlic, crushed

1 cup thick pure egg mayonnaise

4 tbsp pistachio kernels, chopped

Method1. place stock in a large saucepan and add

potatoes, carrot and celery. bring to the boil then reduce heat and simmer until vegetables are tender, about 20 minutes.

2. remove from heat, add baby spinach and use a stab blender to process mixture until smooth. Season to taste with salt and freshly ground black pepper.

3. meanwhile for aioli, blanch broccolini® in boiling salted water till tender, about 2 minutes. Cool in icy water, drain, and place into a food processor. pulse until roughly chopped and transfer to a bowl. Fold in mayonnaise, garlic and pistachios. Set aside in a cool place.

4. return blended vegetables to the saucepan over medium to low heat. Add prawns, diced salmon, broccolini® stems and cream and simmer for about 5 minutes or until seafood is cooked and stems are tender.

5. Add broccolini® florets and remove from heat. Stand until broccolini® is warmed through. Stir through chives and parsley.

6. Serve immediately and top with aioli.

Prep time: 20 minutes

cooking time: 35 minutes

Serves 6

© recipe and images kindly provided by perfection Fresh.

Broccoliniseafoodchowderwithbrocoliniaioli

Ingredients4 baby red capsicums

½ small white onion, finely diced

1 tbsp olive oil

150g beef mince

1 tbsp taco seasoning

4 tbsp tomato salsa

1 tbsp corn chips, crushed

½ cup aged cheddar, finely grated

1 punnet rocket

Method1. Heat oil in a pan and fry mince and

onions for 5 minutes until well browned.

2. Add seasoning and 50ml water and cook until mixture is almost dry. Add 3 tbsp tomato salsa and stand to cool slightly.

3. Cut tops off baby red capsicums. Scoop out any seeds and spoon in mince mixture. Sprinkle with cheddar.

4. place under grill until cheese melts, approximately 5 minutes.

5. remove from heat and top with remaining salsa, corn chips and rocket.

GrilledbabyredcapsicumswithMexicantacosstuffing

Prep time: 20 minutes


Serves 4


Your self

Recipes (cont.)

BroccolinitempuraIngredients2 bunches broccolini® baby broccoli, whole

1 cup rice flour

1 cup plain flour

1 tsp baking powder

2 eggs, whisked

600ml soda water, chilled

2L vegetable oil for deep frying

1 cup flaked almonds Prep time: 15 minutes


Serves 4–6

Method 1. Sift flours into a large bowl and stir

through baking powder.

2. Add eggs and soda water, mix lightly. Some lumps are okay but it is important to keep batter cold.

3. Heat oil till hot, about 190°C.

4. Dip vegetables into batter, drain well then sprinkle with flaked almonds. Carefully lower into oil. Fry a few pieces at a time till golden and crisp, approximately 60 seconds each piece, taking care not to let pieces touch each other. remove and drain on absorbent paper. oil can be strained and reused.

Prep time: 15 minutes, plus 1 hour chilling time

Serves 4

Method 1. place cous cous, tomatoes, cucumber,

pine nuts, 2 crushed anchovy fillets, parsley, mint, garlic and red vinegar in a bowl and mix well.

2. Drizzle with oil and lemon juice and refrigerate for 1 hour.

3. Cut tops off baby red capsicums and scoop out any seeds. Spoon in cous cous mixture.

4. Sprinkle with crumbled feta, garnish with halved anchovies and serve.

Ingredients4 baby red capsicums

50g semi-dried tomatoes, chopped

2 tbsp Qukes® baby snacking cucumbers, finely chopped

¾ cup Iranian cous cous, cooked

1 tbsp pine nuts, roasted

4 anchovy fillets, 2 crushed, 2 halved

½ cup continental parsley, chopped

1 tbsp mint, chopped

1 clove garlic, crushed

1 tbsp red vinegar

30ml extra virgin olive oil

Juice of ½ lemon

1/3 cup crumbled feta

Chilledbabyredcapsicumsstuffedwithcouscoustabouli

BroccolinitempuraIngredients2 bunches broccolini

1 cup rice flour

1 cup plain flour

1 tsp baking powder

2 eggs, whisked

600ml soda water, chilled

2L vegetable oil for deep frying2L vegetable oil for deep frying

1 cup flaked almonds


Your self

The peak national award that recognises Australia’s most inspirational rural women is now open to applications.

The2012RIRDCRuralWomen’sAwardprovidesfinancialassistance,mentoringandaccesstoanation-widenetworkof businessandcommunityleadersfortheselectedwinners.Winnersareselectedforeachstateandanationalwinnerisalsochosen.

Eachapplicantisaskedtosubmitaproposal,orvision,thatwillimproveAustralia’sruralcommunitiesandStateandTerritorywinnerswillreceivea$10,000financialbursarytoimplementthatvision.TheStateandTerritorywinnersandrunnersupwillalsohavetheopportunitytoundertaketheAICDCompanyDirectorsCourseandbesupportedwith12monthsof facilitatedindividualstrategicleadershipsupport.

Theaimof theAwardistosupportwomenwithdemonstratedleadershipcapabilitieswhohavethedesireandcommitmenttomakeanevengreatercontributiontotheirindustriesandcommunities.

Ruralwomenareencouragedtoenterthemselvesortonominatesomeonetheythinkismaking,orcouldmake,arealdifferencetotheircommunity.

Opportunity knocks for rural women

TheRIRDCRuralWomen’sAward2011winner,CarolineRobinsonhasbeenamazedbythepowerof theAward.

“TheAwardhasgeneratedhugeexposureformybusiness,theWAWheatbeltBusinessNetwork.Ithasgivenmenewleadershipskillsandexperiences,introducedmetoanetworkof remarkableruralwomenandprovidednewopportunitiestohelpruralwomengetintoimportantconversationsaboutthefutureof theirindustriesandcommunities,”Carolinesaid.

RIRDC Managing Director, Craig Burns said the Award is increasing rural women’s leadership effectiveness and contribution to industries and communities.

“Our2010nationalwinner,SueMiddletonhasrecentlybeenappointedtotheWARoyaltiesforRegionsAdvisoryTrustBoard,our2010VictorianrunnerupClairePenniceardwillbekeynotespeakeratthisyear’sSEGRAconference,whileour2010Tasmanianwinner,GabbiBresnehan,hashadahugeimpactinutilisingthebursarytosupportruralwomenincrisisfromtheimpactsof drought,justtonameafewexamples,”MrBurnssaid.

ThesewomenareourfutureruralleadersandtheAwardhassupportedthemtotakethenextstepintheirleadershipjourney.”

TheAwardisopentoallwomeninvolvedinprimaryindustries,includingbroad-acrefarming,intensivelivestock,cropping,horticulture,fisheries,forestry,newandemergingplantandanimalenterprises,indigenousruralenterprises,naturalresourcemanagementandrelatedserviceindustries.

TheAwardisaninitiativeof theRuralIndustriesResearchandDevelopmentCorporation,inpartnershipwiththestateandterritoryagenciesresponsibleforagriculture,primaryindustriesandresources.

2012 RIRDC Rural Women’s Award

more information

rIrDC acknowledges the support of the Award’s national partner: Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry and the Award’s sponsors: Westpac banking Corporation, AbC radio and rural press Ltd.

Applications can be also downloaded and submitted online from the rIrDC website: www.rirdc.gov.au.

Applications close on World rural Women’s Day october 15, 2011.


Fairbanks Seeds – Spring sowing options 2011

Disclaimer: All cultural and descriptive information is given as a general guide only. Substantial variations may occur due to many environmental factors, including climate, soil type, location, management and cultural practices. No liability will be accepted by Fairbank’s Selected Seed Co. Pty. Ltd. (ABN 86 007 138 276), or its representatives as to the accuracy of the information. All information is given in good faith. Fairbanks Seeds Ph 03 8401 3346 Fax 03 8401 3348

West Australian Agent: Mr. Don Arbuckle - Mobile: 0411 437 299. For more product information, please visit www.fairbanks.com.au

Herbs – We have a full range of herbs for field and hydro production. Check our website for full details and descriptions.

Javelin – Uniform spring onion variety with great adaptability for harvest in summer conditions. Javelin is upright in habit, medium green in colour and bunches very well.

Black Pearl – Market standard eggplant, classic teardrop shape, glossy colour. Suited to outdoor production.

Miyako – Green stem Pak Choi which has dominated the market, especially where Club Root is a problem. IR to Club Root.

Celtic - A revelation in the baby leaf market. Mid green oakleaf with very upright habit. Excellent tolerance to mildew pressure.

Your Production


Skills Audit and Learning DatabaseA Skills Audit and Learning Database has been developed to assist vegetable growers, and staff within their business, identify opportunities for improving their business and leadership skills.

The Skills Audit calculates an individual’s Learning Priorities and provides a personal Learning Profile (which is linked to the Learning Database). The Learning Profile presents a range of resources to meet the identified learning needs (including workshops, online programs, self-paced learning and templates for business planning).

To identify your learning needs, using the Skills Audit, log onto the Ausveg website, go to the ‘People’ page and click on the Business Skills tab. The Learning Database can also be accessed by visiting here: http://ausveg.com.au/learning-resources/learning-resources.htm


Your Production


meGA peStS: tHe bASICS oF proteCtING YoUr CropS — VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION

Chương Trì nh Phá t Triể n Ngà nh Rau Quả

Cây trồng tiếp xúc với áp lực sâu bệnh và môi trường nói chung. Những áp lực này có thể được giảm bớt bằng cách sử dụng phương pháp kết hợp trong việc bảo vệ cây trồng.

Bảo Vệ Cây Trồng Kết Hợp (ICP), còn được gọi là Kiểm Soát Sâu Bệnh Kết Hợp (IPM) tập trung vào việc đưa ra quyết định hợp lý và yêu cầu cân nhắc các vấn đề:

• Cây trồng

• Sâu bệnh

• Sinh vật có lợi

• Môi trường trồng

• Lao động ở trang trại

• Yêu cầu về thị trường.

ICP cung cấp những lựa chọn thay thế thiết thực cho việc kiểm soát sâu bệnh thông thường mà thường phụ thuộc vào việc sử dụng các hóa chất tổng hợp theo lịch.

Bài viết này trình bày:

• Các nguyên tắc ICP then chốt

• Các thành phần của ICP

• Các bước cụ thể của ICP

• Các công cụ và lựa chọn kiểm soát chung trong ICP.

Tại sao lại sử dụng IPC?

Người trồng đã báo cáo rằng việc sử dụng các chiến lược ICP cho phép họ:

• Phục hồi kiểm soát đối với các loại sâu bệnh kháng thuốc

• Giảm thiểu tác động đến người lao động và môi trường

• Giảm thiểu việc sử dụng thuốc trừ sâu tổng hợp và lượng thuốc trừ sâu dư lại

• Đáp ứng người tiêu dùng và thị trường

• Giảm chi phí

• Đạt các yêu cầu về đảm bảo chất lượng.

Việc thực hiện các nguyên tắc cơ bản của ICP chính là điểm khởi đầu tốt nhất. Kết hợp các nguyên tắc này vào cây trồng và tình trạng sâu bệnh cụ thể của quý vị sẽ giúp tối đa hóa lợi ích của các nguyên tắc đó.

ʻKết hợpʼ là gì?

Kết hợp nghĩa là phối hợp hai hoặc nhiều thông lệ kiểm soát khác nhau nhưng tương thích với nhau, tức là các thông lệ hoạt động tốt với nhau, không có xung đột. Ví dụ, hệ thống ICP hiệu quả có thể bao gồm các biện pháp về trồng trọt, thả sinh vật có lợi, và sử

Các Nguyên Tắc ICP Then Chốt

• Hiểu rõ nguồn gốc và bản chất của các loại sâu bệnh trong vườn ươm cây giống và trang trại của quý vị

• Chủ động — hướng tới phòng ngừa, hơn là diệt trừ. Không đợi đến lúc xảy ra khủng hoảng về kiểm soát sâu bệnh mới hành động. Các loài sâu bệnh đều có thiên địch — hãy hướng tới việc bảo vệ và giúp chúng gia tăng số lượng, và nếu thiên địch sẵn có tại các cơ sở nuôi côn trùng, hãy xem xét việc thả thiên địch nuôi (còn được gọi là “côn trùng có lợi”) ra chỗ cây trồng của quý vị

• ưu tiên hàng đầu cho việc vệ sinh trang trại, chỉ sau an toàn của người lao động

• Thường xuyên theo dõi cây trồng của quý vị và môi trường trồng

• Ghi chép lại các quan sát về cây trồng và sâu bệnh. Xem xét tính hiệu quả của hóa chất và phát triển việc kháng bệnh

• Tự tin thực hiện ICp thông qua giáo dục, giám sát và hành động. Tìm những người cố vấn trình độ cao và đáng tin cậy để có thể bắt đầu và hỗ trợ việc thực hiện ICP

• Tiếp cận với khá đào tạo về nguyên tắc ICp cho bản thân quý vị và nhân viên

• Sử dụng các nguồn lực sẵn có — nhà tư vấn, nhà nghiên cứu, sách, tờ thông tin và internet

• Hiểu rõ tại sao phương pháp “kết hợp” lại cần thiết cho sự thành công.

Phun thuốc trừ sâu “nhẹ” sẽ giúp duy trì thiên địch.

Sâu bệnh lớnNhững điều cơ bản trong việc bảo vệ cây trồng của quý vị


Your Production

dụng thuốc trừ sâu “nhẹ” khi cần thiết để đảm bảo rằng các sinh vật có lợi không bị gây hại.

Khởi đầu với sự giúp đỡ của cố vấn

Các chương trình bảo vệ cây trồng hiệu quả và phù hợp nhất được phát triển bởi đội ngũ bao gồm người trồng, nhà nghiên cứu và/hoặc nhà tư vấn có kinh nghiệm về ICP. Họ có kiến thức và hiểu biết cụ thể về các giai đoạn sinh trưởng của cây trồng, các mối đe dọa chính, tác động của điều kiện môi trường và các lựa chọn sẵn có để bảo vệ cây trồng khỏi các trường hợp và sinh vật bất lợi.

Người trồng và cố vấn của họ nhận thấy việc phòng ngừa sẽ thích hợp hơn việc diệt trừ sâu bệnh liên tục, và do đó, hãy thực hiện các bước cho phép

các quyết định và hành động có mục tiêu cụ thể.

Các chương trình ICP là duy nhất đối với mỗi mùa, mỗi cây trồng và mỗi khu vực. Tầm quan trọng tương đối của các loại sâu bệnh thay đổi theo từng năm và quý vị cũng như cố vấn của mình sẽ dần trở nên thành thục trong việc đánh giá tính thích đáng và hiệu quả tiềm ẩn của mỗi bước và điều chỉnh chiến lược nào là cần thiết nhằm đảm bảo việc cải thiện liên tục và ứng phó kịp thời.

Chương Trình

Kiến thức — tìm hiểu về các loại sâu bệnh chính, thiên địch và cách chúng xâm nhập, phát triển, củng cố, tồn tại và tác động tới cây trồng của quý vị, trong môi trường trồng của quý vị.

Phòng ngừa — tìm hiểu về các yếu tố khác tác động tới mối quan hệ giữa sâu bệnh và cây trồng — thời gian và vị trí trồng, loại cây trồng, luân canh và quản lý hệ thống tưới tiêu và dinh dưỡng. Đưa ra các quyết định giúp giảm tác động tiềm ẩn của sâu bệnh, đồng thời nâng cao khả năng tránh hoặc kháng lại sâu bệnh của cây trồng.

Theo dõi và quan sát — thường xuyên theo dõi cây trồng của quý vị và tìm hiểu về thời gian và địa điểm tìm kiếm

các dấu hiệu xuất hiện sâu bệnh, bản thân sâu bệnh và thiên địch.

Ứng phó — giữ các bản ghi chép về điều quý vị quan sát được và tìm cách giải thích những điều đó. Hiểu rõ các lựa chọn ứng phó liên quan (bao gồm xử lý hóa chất), ngưỡng xử lý (tức là, các điều kiện cho thấy cần xử lý) và thời điểm ứng phó hiệu quả.

Một số bước quan trọng trong hành trình ICP của quý vị

Kiến Thức

• Hiểu rõ các nhà cung cấp của quý vị và duy trì các bản ghi chép phù hợp

• Hiểu rõ các loại sâu bệnh — xác nhận thông tin nhận dạng, hiểu rõ đặc điểm sinh học và hành vi, cách cạnh tranh và đối thủ cạnh tranh của sâu bệnh, và các điều kiện có lợi cho sự tồn tại và mở rộng của chúng

• Tìm hiểu và thực hiện vệ sinh tại chỗ cấp cao cũng như vệ sinh cho người lao động và thiết bị

• Hiểu rõ tác dụng của các loại thuốc trừ sâu đã đăng ký (các hóa chất được sử dụng để kiểm soát sâu bệnh, bao gồm thuốc trừ sâu, thuốc diệt nấm và thuốc diệt cỏ tổng hợp và có nguồn gốc sinh học) đối với thiên địch và côn trùng có lợi

• Hiểu rõ lịch sử đất trồng — các loại cây trồng trước đó và mức côn trùng, giun tròn, cỏ dại và mầm bệnh trong đất.

Phòng ngừa

• Tiến hành kiểm tra trước khi trồng để phát hiện sâu bệnh trong lòng đất

• Chỉ trồng các loại nguyên liệu phù hợp — các loài có khả năng kháng bệnh, hạt giống đã được xử lý, hạt giống không mầm bệnh và côn trùng, cây con hoặc cành giâm

• Không được trồng cây mới gần những cây trồng cùng loại sắp được thu hoạch hoặc có vấn đề sâu bệnh ngoài tầm kiểm soát, và không được trồng liên tiếp các loại cây trồng có cùng họ (ví dụ, các loại cây trồng trong họ Cà như cà chua, khoai tây, cà tím và ớt) trên cùng miếng hay mảnh đất


Người trồng, nhà nghiên cứu, nhà tư vấn và cố vấn làm việc cùng nhau để phát triển hệ thống ICP cho cây mù tạc.

Sử dụng kính lúp để theo dõi cây trồng.


Your Production

• Nhận biết các sinh vật, biểu hiện ‘bình thường’ và ‘bất thường’ của cây trồng

• Giảm thiểu tình trạng “stress” của cây trồng — tối ưu hóa đất trồng để hạn chế mức độ trầm trọng của bệnh tật. Sử dụng bẫy dính, bẫy pheromone, bộ cảm biến tình trạng ẩm ướt của lá, mô hình dự đoán bệnh và mô hình phát triển côn trùng để hỗ trợ.

chuẩn bị và ứng dụng các biện pháp về chất lượng đất trồng, nguồn nước và dinh dưỡng

• Tránh gây tổn thương cơ học cho cây trồng

• Dọn dẹp chất thải từ cây trồng và các loại thực vật phi thương mại là nơi ẩn náu của sâu bệnh; thúc đẩy các loại thực vật là nơi ẩn náu cho các côn trùng có lợi.

Theo dõi và giám sát

• Hiểu rõ những dự báo thời tiết liên quan

• Theo dõi cây trồng và sử dụng những người quan sát cây trồng có kinh nghiệm để theo dõi số lượng sâu bệnh và côn trùng có lợi và để xác định và đánh giá mức độ trầm trọng của bệnh tật. Sử dụng bẫy dính, bẫy pheromone, bộ cảm biến tình trạng ẩm ướt của lá, mô hình dự đoán bệnh và mô hình phát triển côn trùng để hỗ trợ.

ứng phó

• Đặt ra một số mục tiêu, lên kế hoạch và xác định biện pháp “thành công/thất bại” của quý vị

• Xem xét thay đổi lịch trình

• Bảo vệ môi trường — duy trì nguồn đất trồng và nước, giảm thiểu sự lệ thuộc vào hóa chất

• Sử dụng thuốc trừ sâu khi cần thiết nhưng không được lệ thuộc vào chúng.

Các lựa chọn kiểm soát nào sẵn có?

Các lựa chọn về trồng trọt, vật lý hoặc cơ học — những lựa chọn này thường giúp cây trồng tránh, kháng lại hoặc làm chậm quá trình tương

tác với sâu bệnh. Các lựa chọn này bao gồm — lựa chọn địa điểm phù hợp, thời gian ngừng canh tác, thời kỳ không trồng cấy ở cấp khu vực, thay đổi ngày trồng có xem xét đến việc di chuyển của sâu bệnh và/hoặc thời tiết, giảm thiểu việc chồng chéo giữa cây trồng mới/cũ, các loài có khả năng kháng bệnh, luân canh, tỉa bỏ (loại bỏ các cây bệnh/sắp chết), lưới ngăn côn trùng, áp lực nhà kính dương, loại bỏ nơi cư trú của sâu bệnh, tạo nơi trú ẩn cho côn trùng có lợi, hạn chế sự di chuyển của con người.

Các lựa chọn hóa chất — những lựa chọn này liên quan đến việc sử dụng các hóa chất tự nhiên, sinh học, “nhẹ” hoặc hóa chất phổ hẹp để thay đổi hành vi của sâu bệnh, thu hút sâu bệnh nhằm mục đích theo dõi, giảm bớt sự hiện diện hoặc tác động của sâu bệnh, hoặc thay đổi tính hấp dẫn của cây trồng chủ.

Ví dụ về các lựa chọn hóa chất được sử dụng trong ICP bao gồm pheromone, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) và hun khói sinh học.

Các lựa chọn kháng bệnh — những loài có khả năng kháng bệnh sẽ hạn chế tác động của sâu bệnh và cần được sử dụng bất cứ khi nào sẵn có và phù hợp với việc làm vườn.

Các lựa chọn sinh học — những lựa chọn này phụ thuộc vào các loài thiên địch hoặc sinh vật được đưa vào có khả năng hạn chế tác động của sâu bệnh, ví dụ như các thông lệ giúp thúc đẩy hoặc mở rộng nơi cư trú và số lượng các côn trùng có lợi, loài ký sinh, loài đối kháng và loài săn mồi hoặc nâng cao khả năng kháng bệnh cây trồng nhận được. Các côn trùng có lợi bao gồm tất cả các côn trùng săn mồi, bọ ve và nhện; côn trùng ký sinh, giun tròn và ruồi; và nấm hoặc vi khuẩn tấn công sâu bệnh hoặc thành công hơn sâu bệnh trong việc kiểm soát các địa điểm lây nhiễm tiềm tàng. Các côn trùng có lợi thường thấy bao gồm: bọ rùa, bọ cánh cứng damsel, Aphidius (một loài ong sống ký sinh trong rệp cây), Ong Mắt Đỏ (một loài côn trùng ký sinh trong trứng sâu bướm), côn trùng cánh ren nâu và lục, ve săn mối Persimilis, và con xâu tai tự nhiên. Tất cả những côn trùng có lợi này đều có vai trò quan trọng trong ICP.

Lựa chọn nguồn lực hữu ích

có rất nhiều nguồn lực hữu ích bổ sung có thể được truy cập tại khu vực bảo mật của trang web AUSVeG. Hãy tới trang ‘Nghiên Cứu Chuyên Sâu về Chuyên Môn’ sau đó tới ‘Cơ Sở Dữ Liệu Nghiên Cứu Chuyên Sâu r+D (công cụ tìm kiếm)’ để bắt đầu tìm kiếm bằng cách sử dụng các từ khóa. các nguồn lực bao gồm:

1. Hướng Dẫn về Sâu Bệnh Có Hại: hướng dẫn về cách xác định các loại sâu bệnh có hại cho rau quả và thiên địch của chúng tại các vùng nhiệt đới khô hạn. để đặt hàng, hãy liên hệ: [email protected]

2. Các loại sâu bệnh, bệnh tật, rối loạn và côn trùng có lợi đối với rau quả trồng trong nhà kính. để đặt hàng từ trang web của Industry & Investment NSW (I&I NSW), hãy truy cập vào:

www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/aboutus/resources/bookshop/veg-ipm-field-idguide

3. Bọ trĩ và vi-rút tospovirus — Hướng Dẫn Kiểm Soát. Tải về từ:

www.dpi.qld.gov.au/4790_11607.htm

4. Có thể tải về hướng dẫn lập kế hoạch tái trồng cây từ:

www.sardi.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/44945/reveg_by_design_guidebook.pdf

5. Nhận dạng côn trùng, nhện và ve trong rau quả — Sổ Tay Hội Thảo (phiên bản thứ hai), và Nhận dạng côn trùng, nhện và ve trong rau quả — sổ tay người hướng dẫn — 2010, DeeDI. có thể đươc tải về từ:


6. Bản tin Lettuce Leaf: Tải về từ: www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/aboutus/

resources/periodicals/newsletters/lettuce-leaf

7. Keep It Clean (Giữ Chúng Sạch Sẽ). Được cung cấp miễn phí cho tất cả các người trồng rau nhà kính có đóng thuế tại Úc. cũng có thể được mua. yêu cầu hoặc đặt mua qua liên kết sau:


Your Production


Your Production

www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/greenhouse/pest-disease/general/preventing/keep-it-clean

Tờ thông tin được phát hành cùng với ‘Keep It Clean’: những tờ thông tin này cung cấp thông tin khởi đầu tuyệt vời cho cả nhà sản xuất sử dụng nhà kính và ngoài đồng ruộng. Hãy vào trang web Keep it Clean và nhấp vào tiêu đề để tải về các bản sao.

8. Cải Thiện Chất Lượng Đất Trồng để đạt Năng Suất và Lợi Nhuận về Rau Quả. 2010. Tờ thông tin do đội ngũ Chất Lượng Đất Trồng Rau VicDpI phát hành. Tải về từ:

www.vgavic.org.au/pdf/VG07008_Soil_Health_brochure.pdf

9. Chất Lượng Đất Sản Xuất Rau tại Úc. 2010. Tờ thông tin do DeeDI phát hành. Tải về từ:


Lời cảm ơn

Văn bản và ảnh do prue mcmichael, Lauren thompson (Scholefield Robinson Horticultural Services pty Ltd) và Sandra McDougall (Industry & Investment NSW) cung cấp.

Chương trình Phát Triển Ngành Rau Quả được HAL tài trợ bằng cách sử dụng các khoản thuế rau quả và quỹ thích hợp từ Chính Phủ Úc.


ỦY BAN CÁC NHÀ SẢN XUẤT RAU QUẢPhí Dịch Vụ cho Năm Tài Chính 2011/2012

bY JIm tUrLeY

Giám Đốc Điều Hành APC-VPC

Vào tháng sáu, Ủy Ban Các Nhà Sản Xuất Rau Quả APC của quý vị đã được phê duyệt ngân sách cho năm 2011/2012. Các ủy viên đã tham khảo ý kiến của rất nhiều người trồng trong khu vực, liên quan đến tất cả đề xuất xin phê duyệt được các bên liên quan trong ngành gửi cho họ.

VeGetAbLe proDUCerS’ CommIttee: Fee For SerVICe CHArGe 2011–2012 FINANCIAL YeAr — VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION

Những dự án và đề xuất sau đây đã được phê duyệt:1. Phát Triển Chiến Lược Kiểm Soát Vi-rút và Côn Trùng Kết Hợp Cho

Ớt Trồng Ở Vùng Carnarvon$35,000

2. Cán Bộ Mở Rộng Đất Trồng $50,000

3. Marketing và Quảng Bá Rau Quả Tây Úc $120,500

4. Kiểm Soát Tình Trạng Thối Rễ ở Cải Bó Xôi Non $12,000

5. Thông Lệ Tốt Trong Sản Xuất Cà Chua — Hệ Thống Tưới Tiêu Nhỏ Giọt

$40,000

6. Tài Trợ cho VegetablesWA $291,700

7. Biện Pháp Thay Thế Thuốc Trừ Sâu Dimethoate và Fenthion $50,000

8. Đào Tạo Nhân Viên Kiểm Tra để Nhận Biết Mối Ong Tấn Công Ong $2,000

TỔNG KINH PHÍ ĐƯỢC PHÊ DUYỆT $601,200


Your Production

Người trồng cà chua Carabooda George Kyme đã sẵn lòng trao một phần đất tại bất động sản của ông ở Bernard Road North trong mùa này cho các thử nghiệm để có thể tiếp tục phát triển những thông lệ tốt cho cà chua được tưới nhỏ giọt.

Với vị trí thuận lợi nằm cạnh nhà máy đóng gói WesGrowers, địa điểm này rất dễ tiếp cận và sẽ được dùng để tổ chức những ngày mở cửa thường lệ, trong đó người trồng mang sản phẩm thu hoạch của họ tới để phân loại nhằm xem xét diễn biến của thử nghiệm.

Thử nghiệm năm nay sẽ so sánh lịch trồng bằng cách sử dụng các yếu tố bay hơi và cây trồng được điều chỉnh bằng cách theo dõi độ ẩm của đất nhằm điều chỉnh chế độ tưới tiêu cho phù hợp với địa điểm. Việc thoát nước sẽ được theo dõi bằng thẩm kế giữ lại. Năng suất và chất lượng sẽ được theo dõi bằng cách thu hoạch và phân loại sản phẩm thu hoạch từ hai khu vực riêng biệt.

Thử nghiệm mùa trước tại Medina đã so sánh năm cấp độ tưới nhỏ giọt khác nhau và nhận thấy rằng sản lượng cũng tương tự với biện pháp kiểm soát của người trồng khi lượng nước và dinh dưỡng được sử dụng đã giảm lần lượt 40% và 50%. Rõ ràng đây không phải là kết quả trên quy mô thương mại hoặc trang trại, nên việc thử nghiệm trong điều kiện trồng thực tế nhằm xác nhận kết quả này là rất quan trọng.

Trong mùa này, việc tưới tiêu và bón phân sẽ được thực hiện độc lập với cùng một nguồn nước phục vụ cho

khoảng 4.000 cây Swanson. Các nhân viên của George sẽ uốn, buộc và cắt tỉa những cây này giống như số cây trồng còn lại.

Bằng cách tiến hành thử nghiệm này trên một vùng đất thương mại, người ta hy vọng sẽ khắc phục được một số vấn đề nghề nông đã xảy ra ở địa điểm thử nghiệm cô lập tại Trạm Nghiên Cứu Medina và đạt năng suất sản phẩm cao hơn nhằm kiểm chứng nhu cầu về nước thực sự của các loại cây được trồng thương mại.

George cho biết điều quan trọng đối với ngành này là phải hỗ trợ công tác này khi ngành đang chịu áp lực rất lớn đối với việc chứng minh sử dụng nước hiệu quả.

Ông nhận xét, “tính hiệu quả không chỉ là về lượng nước tưới tiêu cho cây trồng, mà còn là lượng sản phẩm thu được từ lượng nước đó”.

Vụ cà chua sẽ được trồng vào cuối tháng mười. Nếu quí vị muốn quan sát diễn biến về điều này, hãy xem biển báo gần khu vực đóng gói để biết

Chuẩn bị cho quá trình thử nghiệm hệ thống tưới tiêu cà chua mùa vụ 2011-12

roHAN prINCeCán Bộ Phát Triển, DAFWA

tomAto IrrIGAtIoN trIAL GeArS Up For 2011–12 SeASoN — VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION

đường tới địa điểm thử nghiệm và ghé qua để xem.

Nếu quý vị muốn tổ chức một chuyến tham quan, vui lòng liên hệ với tôi, Rohan Prince, và tôi có thể gặp quý vị tại đó. Nếu quý vị có bất kỳ thắc mắc nào, vui lòng gọi tới số 0429 680 069 hoặc gửi email tới địa chỉ [email protected]

Năm nay là năm cuối cùng của dự án do APC/VPC và HAL tài trợ, vì vậy hãy tận dụng mọi cơ hội để đóng góp ý kiến và đảm bảo rằng quý vị nhận được giá trị xứng đáng từ các khoản đóng thuế của mình.

Hẹn gặp quý vị tại địa điểm!

SẼ CÓ ẢNH


Your Production

PermitsPermit Id description date issued expiry date

PER11033 Imazamox / Adzuki & faba beans / Control of grass & broadeaf weeds 1-Jan-09 31-Dec-11

PER11405 Haloxyfop / Adzuki beans / Grass weeds 1-Jun-09 30-May-14

PER10166 Avatar (indoxacarb) / Asparagus / Garden weevil 18-May-09 30-Sep-11

PER10276 Filan Fungicide (boscalid) / Brassicas & brassica leafy vegetables, lettuce & beans / Sclertonia rot 1-Feb-10 31-Jan-13

PER11952 Amistar 250SC (azoxystrobin) / Broccoli, brussells sprouts, cauliflower, lettuce & beans / Various fungal diseases

1-Apr-10 30-Sep-11

PER11450 Ethofumesate (Tramat) / Beetroot & onions / Grass weeds 8-Jun-09 30-Jun-15

PER10908 Tebuconazole / Beetroot, chicory, endive, radish, silverbeet & spinach / Sclerotonia rot 9-Jun-10 30-Jun-13

PER11919 Flint 500 WG Fungicide (trifloxystrobin) / Beetroot / Alternaria leaf spot & Cercospora leaf spot 29-Jun-11 30-Sep-13

PER12052 Phosphorous (phosphonic) acid / Beetroot, carrot, parsnip & brassica leafy vegetables / Damping off & downy mildew

29-Jun-11 30-Jun-13

PER11949 Lambda-Cyhalothrin / Beetroot & radish / Various insects 1-Apr-10 31-Mar-15

PER9509 Methomyl / Borlotti beans / Bean pod borer & budworm 1-Nov-06 31-Oct-16

PER9631 Nufarm Cabrio Fungicide (pyraclostrobin) / Brassica leafy vegetables / White blister rust 16-Jan-09 30-Jun-12

PER11439 Pirimicarb / Sweet potato, brassica leafy vegetables, chicory & coriander / Aphids 19-Oct-09 30-Sep-11



29-Jun-11 30-Jun-13

PER10674 Mancozeb + Metalaxyl-M / Brassica vegetables, brassica leafy vegetables & rocket / Downy mildew & white blister

14-Apr-08 31-Mar-13

PER11480 Amistar Fungicide / Brassica leafy vegetables & carrots / Alternaria leaf spot & powdery mildew 10-Aug-09 30-Sep-11

PER9669 Iprodione / Brassica leafy vegetables / Sclerotinia, grey mould, alternaria leaf spot 30-Jun-07 30-Jun-12

PER10907 Acrobat Fungicide / Brassica leafy vegetables / White blister 10-Dec-08 30-Sep-11

PER10497 Imidacloprid / Brassica leafy vegetables / Aphids, whitefly & thrips 11-Jun-09 31-Mar-14

PER10845 Barmac Zineb Fungicide / Brassica leafy vegetables / Cercospora leaf spot & downy mildew 11-Jun-09 31-Mar-15

PER11475 Alpha-cypermethrin / Brassica leafy vegetables & radish / Redlegged earth mite, plague thrips & lepidoptera

11-Jun-09 30-Jun-12

PER12054 Propiconazole / Brassica leafy vegetables, chicory, endive, radiccio / Cercospora leaf spot, rust, septoria leaf spot

22-Oct-10 31-Aug-14


14-Apr-08 31-Mar-13

PER11951 Phosphorous acid / Brassica vegetables, leafy vegetables & processing peas / Downy mildew 1-Nov-10 31-Mar-12

PER10920 Chlorpyrifos / Brassicas / Vegetable beetle adults 9-Jun-09 30-Sep-12


PER12657 Tebuconazole / Faba beans & broad beans / Cercospora leaf spot 27-Apr-11 31-Mar-14

PER10588 Iprodione / Broccoli / Rhizoctonia 7-May-08 30-Apr-13

PER10735 APRON XL 350 ES & Maxim 100FS / Broccoli / Damping off & Rhizoctonia 1-Jun-09 30-Sep-11


1-Apr-10 30-Sep-11

PER10090 Iprodione / Brussels sprout / Grey mould 12-Jan-10 1-Aug-15


1-Apr-10 30-Sep-11

PER10714 Karate (Lambda-cyhalothrin) / Bulb onions / Onion thrip 8-Sep-08 30-Sep-11

PER7905 Phosphorous / Lettuce (leaf & hydroponic), fennel & bulb (Allium) vegetables / Downy mildew 4-Apr-06 30-Sep-12

PER12572 Acramite Miticide / Cucumbers, capsicums & tomatoes / Two-spotted mite 17-Nov-10 30-Sep-11

PER11778 Agri-fos 600 Systemic Fungicide (phosphorous acid) / Capsicums & eggplant / Phytophthora soil fungus 29-Jun-11 30-Nov-15

PER10903 Flint 500 WG Fungicide / Cucumbers & capsicums (protected) / Powdery mildew 18-Aug-10 31-May-13

PER10914 Azoxystrobin / Radish, leek & carrot / Powdery mildew, downy mildew & white blister rust 9-Jun-09 31-May-14


29-Jun-11 30-Jun-13

PER11480 Amistar Fungicide / Brassica leafy vegetables & carrots / Alternaria leaf spot & powdery mildew 10-Aug-09 30-Sep-11

PER11747 2,2-Dichloropropionic Acid / Carrot crops (for seed) / Promotion of bolting & grass weed control 1-Oct-09 30-Nov-14

minor Use permits can also be searched by specific crop or pest types at www.apvma.gov.au/permits/search.php


Your Production

Permit Id description date issued expiry date

PER12400 Iprodione / Carrots / Suppression of black rot 15-Jul-11 30-Sep-12


1-Apr-10 30-Sep-11

PER10688 Alpha-Cypermethrin / Cauliflower crops / Staphylinid beetle 1-May-08 30-Apr-13

PER10846 Rovral Aquaflo Fungicide (Iprodione) / Celeriac / Sclerotinia rot 9-Jun-09 30-Jun-12

PER11349 Prometryn / Celeriac / Grass weeds listed on label 1-May-10 11-Dec-11

PER11987 Linuron / Celeraic / Weeds 1-May-10 30-Apr-12

PER10675 Metolachlor / Spinach, silverbeet, spring onions, shallots, green beans, navy beans, celeriac & celery / Various broadleaf & grass weeds

14-Jun-09 30-Jun-12


14-Jun-09 30-Jun-12

PER9839 Permethrin (Ambush ) / Celery / Heliothis & looper 20-Feb-08 31-Mar-13

PER10316 Avatar Insecticide (indoxacarb) / Celery / Heliothis, lightbrown apple moth, lucerne leaf roller & vegetable weevil

3-Mar-08 30-Sep-12

PER10946 Linuron / Celery / range of weeds 1-Nov-08 30-Apr-12

PER10729 Applaud Insecticide (buprofezin) / Celery / Greenhouse whitefly 15-Jan-09 31-Jan-13

PER10727 Ridomil Gold MZ WG / Celery, silverbeet & spinach / Late blight, septoria leaf blight & downy mildew 31-Mar-09 30-Sep-12

PER11641 Flint 500 WG (trifloxystrobin) / Celery / Cercospora leaf spot & septoria spot 27-Nov-09 31-Oct-12

PER12405 Score Foliar Fungicide (difenoconazole) / Celery / Cercospora leaf spot & septoria spots 7-Jan-11 31-Oct-12


PER12054 Propiconazole / Brassica leafy vegetables, chicory, endive, radiccio / Cercospora leaf spot, rust, Septoria leaf spot

22-Oct-10 31-Aug-14

PER11855 Betanal Herbicide Spray (phenmedipham) / Lettuce, chicory, endive, radicchio, spinach, & silverbeet / Broadleaf weeds

28-Jun-11 30-Jun-14


PER11356 Flint 500 WG (trifloxystrobin) / Silverbeet, spinach, chicory & endive / Powdery mildew 27-Nov-09 31-Oct-12

PER11352 Walabi Fungicide / Chicory, endive, radicchio, silverbeet & spinach / Botrytis & alternaria 25-Nov-09 30-Sep-14

PER11849 Ridomil Gold MZ (mancozeb + metalaxyl-M) / Chicory, endive & radicchio / Anthracnose, downy mildew & septoria

30-Jun-11 31-Mar-13

PER10677 Propyzamide / Chicory & endive / Grass & broadleef weeds 14-Apr-08 30-Apr-18

PER11946 Clethodim / Peas, eggplant, chilli peppers, paprika, silverbeet & spinach / Grasses 16-Sep-10 30-Sep-12

PER12823 Trifluralin/ Chillies, paprika & eggplant/ Various broad leaf & grass weeds 11-May-11 30-Jun-21

PER10730 Abamectin (Vertimec) / Chillies & paprika / Two-spoted mite 8-Aug-08 30-Sep-12

PER10747 Rovral Aquaflo Fungicide / Chillies & paprika / Sclerotinia rot 25-Nov-09 30-Sep-12

PER10800 Bayfidan 250 EC Fungicide / Chillies & paprika / Powdery mildew 2-Feb-10 30-Jun-13


PER9779 Diazinon / Parsley & coriander / Onion maggot 7-May-07 31-Mar-12

PER10279 Abamectin / Cucumber, zucchini & squash / Two-spotted mite 22-Feb-08 30-Sep-13

PER12504 Permethrin/ Cucurbits: Rockmelons, watermelons, pumpkin, cucumbers, squash & zucchini / Cucumber moth larvae (Phakelura indica)

22-Jul-11 31-Dec-13

PER10903 Flint 500 WG Fungicide / Cucumbers & capsicums (protected) / Powdery mildew 18-Aug-10 31-May-13

PER9104 Pyranica / Cucumbers / Two-spotted mite 3-Apr-07 2-Apr-12

PER10219 Mancozeb / Cucumbers / Grey mould 16-Apr-08 30-Apr-13

PER10818 Bravo Weather Stik Fungicide (chlorothalonil) / Cucumbers / Botrytis rot 1-Jun-09 30-Sep-13


PER10764 Pyriproxyfen / Cucurbits, eggplant & tomato / Silverleaf whitefly 1-Jul-08 30-Sep-12

PER10979 Bupirimate / Cucurbits & peppers / Powdery mildew 31-Mar-09 30-Sep-14

PER11128 Trifluralin / Culinary herbs / Weeds 1-Jan-09 30-Sep-11

PER11644 Permethrin / Culinary herbs & root crops / Lepidopteran pests 30-Nov-09 30-Sep-11

PER11425 Metalaxyl / Dill & parsley / Phythium & Phytophthora 2-Apr-09 31-Oct-11

PER9893 Methidathion / Peppers & eggplant / Rutherglen bug 8-May-08 31-May-13

PER11941 Pirimicarb / Almond, eggplant / Aphids (consolidated application) 1-Apr-10 31-Mar-12

Permits (cont.)


Your Production

Permits (cont.)



PER12823 Trifluralin/ Chillies, paprika & eggplant / Various broad leaf & grass weeds 11-May-11 30-Jun-21

PER11778 Agri-fos 600 Systemic Fungicide (phosphorous acid) / Capsicums & eggplant / Phytophthora soil fungus 29-Jun-11 30-Nov-15

PER10265 Methidathion / Peppers, eggplant & tomatoes / Western flower thrips 18-Mar-08 30-Sep-12


PER5815 Spinosad / Eggplant / Melon thrips 11-Aug-08 31-Jul-13

PER10948 Abamectin / Eggplant / Two-spotted mite 17-Oct-08 30-Oct-13

PER12862 Zineb / Eggplant, spinach & silverbeet/ Anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) 4-Jul-11 31-Jul-14

PER12442 Trichlorfon / Eggplant, pepino & cape gooseberry / Queensland fruit fly & mediterranean fruit fly 10-Aug-11 31-May-14

PER8930 Phorate / Eggplant, peppers, shallots & spring onions / Aphids, jassids, mites, thrips & onion maggot 14-Aug-11 31-Jul-16

PER10677 Propyzamide / Chicory & endive / Grass & broadleef weeds 14-Apr-08 30-Apr-18




PER12054 Propiconazole / Brassica leafy vegetables, chicory, endive, radiccio / Cercospora leaf spot, rust, septoria leaf spot

22-Oct-10 31-Aug-14


28-Jun-11 30-Jun-14


30-Jun-11 31-Mar-13

PER9508 Raptor / Faba bean / Various weeds 31-Dec-06 30-Dec-11

PER11033 Imazamox / Adzuki & faba beans / Control of grass & broadeaf weeds 1-Jan-09 31-Dec-11

PER12657 Tebuconazole / Faba beans & broad beans / Cercospora leaf spot 27-Apr-11 31-Mar-14


PER11251 Maldison / Fruit fly host species / Fruit fly surveillance 10-Aug-09 30-Sep-15

PER10695 Methyl Bromide / Fruit & fruiting vegetables / Fruit fly & thrips 4-Jun-08 30-Jun-13

PER11453 Fluazifop / Shallots, spring onions, leeks, garlic, parsnips & sweet potato / Grass weeds 25-Nov-09 31-Oct-12

PER10511 Surflan 500 Flowable Herbicide (Oryzalin) / Garlic / Broadleaf & grass weeds 18-Mar-08 31-Mar-13

PER11170 Fluazifop / Rosemary & garlic chives / Grass weeds 1-Jan-09 30-Sep-14

PER11852 Fenhexamid / Greenhouse & protected cropping (GHPC) peppers & GHPC lettuce (head & leafy) / Grey mould

17-Aug-10 31-Jan-13


14-Jun-09 30-Jun-12

PER11852 Fenhexamid / Greenhouse & protected cropping (GHPC) peppers & GHPC lettuce (head & leafy) / Grey mould

17-Aug-10 31-Jan-13

PER11120 Natrasoap & Neemtech / Greenhouse tomatoes / Greenhouse whitefly 10-Oct-08 30-Sep-13

PER10416 Methamidophos / Head lettuce / Western flower thrips 25-Mar-08 31-Mar-13

PER10807 Vertimec (abamectin) / Head lettuce (field) / Two-spotted mite 1-Jun-09 31-Mar-14

PER9480 Phosphorous acid / Strawberries, herbs & passionfruit / Phytophthora 12-Oct-06 31-Oct-11

PER10305 Bacillus thuringiensis / Herbs / Lepidopteran pests 23-Nov-07 31-Dec-12

PER10307 Metolachlor / Culinary herbs / Weeds 1-Jan-08 31-Dec-12

PER8595 Cypermethrin / Specified leafy herbs & woody herbs / Specified insect pests 24-Dec-08 30-Sep-11

PER8596 Propiconazole / Specified leafy & woody herbs / Various diseases 24-Dec-08 30-Sep-11

PER8612 Indoxacarb / Specified leafy & woody herbs / Lepidoptera 24-Dec-08 30-Sep-11

PER8613 Pirimicarb / Specified leafy & woody herbs / Aphids 24-Dec-08 30-Sep-11

PER8620 Tebuconazole / Specified leafy & woody herbs / Various diseases 24-Dec-08 30-Sep-11

PER8628 Pendimethalin / Herbs / Grass & broadleaf weeds 24-Dec-08 30-Sep-14

PER8631 Abamectin / Specified leafy & woody herbs / Various insect pests 24-Dec-08 30-Sep-11

PER8601 Pyriproxyfen / Herbs / Silverleaf whitefly & greenhouse whitefly 17-Apr-09 30-Aug-12

PER8576 Buprofezin /Specified leafy & woody herbs / Jassid, mealybug, silverleaf & greenhouse whitefly 23-Apr-09 30-Aug-12

PER8617 Fenhexamid / Herbs / Botrytis 15-May-09 30-Sep-12

PER8577 Etoxazole / Specified leafy & woody herbs / Two-spotted mite 18-Jun-09 30-Jul-13


Your Production


PER8591 Myclobutanil / Specified leafy & woody herbs / Powdery mildew 18-Jun-09 30-Jul-13

PER8621 Quinoxyfen / Leafy & woody herbs / Powdery mildew 18-Jun-09 30-Jul-13

PER8633 Chlorfenapyr / Specified leafy & woody herbs / Various insects 18-Jun-09 30-Jul-13

PER11586 Metaldehyde / Herbs / Snails & slugs 3-Jul-09 30-Sep-11

PER11815 Petroleum oil / Herbs / Insect pests 1-Jan-10 31-Dec-14

PER10816 Amistar (azoxystrobin) / Horseradish / White blister rust & downy mildew 1-Jun-09 30-Jun-12

PER10311 Eco-Oil (Botanical Oil) / Greenhouse & hydroponic capsicum, cucumber & lettuce / Greenhouse whitefly & silverleaf whitefly

7-Feb-08 30-Sep-13

PER10184 Products containing potassium salts of fatty acids @ 285 g/L / Glasshouse & hydroponically grown capsicums, lettuce & cucumbers / Glasshouse whitefly & silverleaf whitefly

20-Feb-08 28-Feb-13


7-Feb-08 30-Sep-13


20-Feb-08 28-Feb-13


7-Feb-08 30-Sep-13


20-Feb-08 28-Feb-13

PER10044 Permethrin / Potted culinary herbs or leafy vegetables / Quarantine usage 10-Jul-07 31-Mar-12


PER9895 Thimet 100G / Leeks / Onion maggot & thrips 21-Jul-07 30-Jun-12

PER9904 Tribinul, Juggler 700, Tribunax 700 WP / Leeks / Broadleaf weeds 1-Aug-07 31-Jul-12

PER3850 Copper hydroxide / Leeks / Downy mildew, purple blotch 14-Sep-07 13-Sep-12

PER10088 Dithane Rainshield / Leeks & shallots / Purple blotch & downy mildew 30-Sep-07 1-Jan-12

PER8762 Maldison / Leeks, spring onions & shallots / Onion thrips 18-Apr-08 30-Sep-12


PER10902 Dimethomorph / Leeks / Downy mildew 11-Oct-08 30-Sep-13


PER10679 Mancozeb/ Specified fruiting & legume vegetables / Downy mildew, anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) & alternaria

10-Jun-10 1-Jan-12

PER8623 Triadimenol / Lemon grass / Powdery mildew & rust 24-Dec-08 30-Sep-11

PER12386 Dacthal (chlorthal-dimethyl) / Lettuce / Stinging nettle 29-Jun-11 31-Aug-16



1-Apr-10 30-Sep-11

PER9859 BALAN (benfluralin) / Lettuce / Grass & broadleaf weed control 1-Apr-07 31-Mar-12

PER7935 Dimethomorph / Lettuce / Downy mildew 30-Jan-09 30-Sep-11

PER11651 Acramite Miticide / Lettuce / Two-spotted (red spider) mite 22-Jan-10 31-Dec-12


28-Jun-11 30-Jun-14


PER11472 VectoBac WG Biological Larvicide / Various protected crops & mushrooms / Fungus gnats & sciarids 18-Jun-09 31-May-14

PER12172 Pestigas / Mushrooms / Mushroom flies 1-Jul-10 30-Jun-15


14-Jun-09 30-Jun-12

PER11152 Natrasoap insecticidal soap spray / Olives / Lace bug 28-Oct-08 30-Sep-13

PER11360 Copper hydroxide / Olives / Fungal leaf spot & fruit rot 24-Mar-09 31-Dec-13

PER11783 Chlorpyrifos / Olives / Various insect pests 8-Dec-09 31-Mar-13

PER12228 Ethephon / Olives / Fruit loosening 1-Feb-11 30-Nov-13

PER12857 Fenthion / Olives / Various insect pests 12-Aug-11 31-Jul-12

PER11989 Tramat 500 SC Selective Herbicide / Spinach, silverbeet, onions / Various weeds 18-Aug-10 31-Jul-13

PER11450 Ethofumesate (Tramat) / Beetroot & onions / Grass weeds 8-Jun-09 30-Jun-15

PER11854 Cyprodinil & Fludioxonil / Onions / White rot, black mould, botrytis 25-Jan-11 30-Jun-13

Permits (cont.)


Your Production


PER10730 Abamectin (Vertimec) / Chillies & paprika / Two-spoted mite 8-Aug-08 30-Sep-12

PER10747 Rovral Aquaflo Fungicide / Chillies & paprika / Sclerotinia rot 25-Nov-09 30-Sep-12

PER10800 Bayfidan 250 EC Fungicide / Chillies & paprika / Powdery mildew 2-Feb-10 30-Jun-13


PER12823 Trifluralin/ Chillies, paprika & eggplant/ Various broad leaf & grass weeds 11-May-11 30-Jun-21

PER11425 Metalaxyl / Dill & Parsley / Phythium & phytophthora 2-Apr-09 31-Oct-11

PER9779 Diazinon / Parsley & coriander / Onion maggot 7-May-07 31-Mar-12

PER10672 Chlorthal-dimethyl / Parsley / Various broadleaf weeds & grasses 14-Apr-08 30-Apr-13

PER10089 Chlorpyrifos / Parsley & potato / Vegetable weevil & black beetle 12-Feb-08 30-Sep-13

PER10758 Pendimethalin / Parsnip / Grasses & broadleaf Weeds 16-Jan-09 31-Jan-14

PER12002 Ecocarb Fungicide / Parsnip, radish, snow peas, sugar snap peas, swede & turnip / Powdery mildew 15-Jul-10 5-Sep-12


29-Jun-11 30-Jun-13

PER12354 Ridomil Gold 25G (metalaxyl-M) / Parsnips / Pythium Spp. & Phytophthora Spp. 29-Jun-11 30-Apr-14

PER11453 Fluazifop / Shallots, Spring onions, leeks, garlic, parsnips & sweet potato / Grass weeds 25-Nov-09 31-Oct-12

PER8813 Trifluralin / Parsnips / Wintergrass 10-Aug-07 9-Aug-12

PER11935 Triadimenol / Parsnips, radish, swede & turnip / Powdery mildew 5-Feb-10 30-Jun-12

PER10691 Diflufenican / Peas / Broadleaf weeds 28-Apr-08 30-Apr-13


PER10979 Bupirimate / Cucurbits & peppers / Powdery mildew 31-Mar-09 30-Sep-14

PER12378 Acephate / Ornamentals, tomatoes & peppers / Western flower thrips 25-Oct-10 31-Oct-15



PER11440 Sumiclex 500 (procymidone) / Peppers / Sclerotinia rot 1-Jun-09 31-Dec-11

PER9893 Methidathion / Peppers & eggplant / Rutherglen bug 8-May-08 31-May-13

PER10878 Trifluralin / Peppers (sweet & chilli) / Broadleaf & annual grass weeds 11-Aug-08 30-Sep-13

PER10089 Chlorpyrifos / Parsley & potato / Vegetable weevil & black beetle 12-Feb-08 30-Sep-13

PER10822 Sodium hypochlorite / Potatoes, various seeds & soil / Various insect & fungal pests 30-Jan-09 1-Feb-14

PER10283 Chlorpyrifos / Potato / Black beetle, wingless grasshopper, red-legged earth mite 9-Jun-09 30-Sep-14

PER12612 Alpha-cypermethrin / Potatoes / Garden weevil 29-Jun-11 30-Apr-16

PER10044 Permethrin / Potted culinary herbs or leafy vegetables / Quarantine usage 10-Jul-07 31-Mar-12


PER10656 Pyrimethanil / Snow peas, sugar snap peas, protected tomatoes & protected capsicums / Botrytis 1-Jun-09 30-Jun-12

PER10934 Buprofezin / Tomatoes (protected) / Greenhouse whitefly 9-Jun-09 30-Sep-13


PER8522 Chlorpyrifos / Pulse crops / Soil insects 9-Mar-06 9-Mar-16

PER12504 Permethrin / Cucurbits: rockmelons, watermelons, pumpkin, cucumbers, squash & zucchini / Cucumber moth larvae (Phakelura indica)

22-Jul-11 31-Dec-13



28-Jun-11 30-Jun-14


30-Jun-11 31-Mar-13

PER12054 Propiconazole / Brassica leafy vegetables, chicory, endive, radiccio / Cercospora leaf spot, rust, Septoria leaf spot

22-Oct-10 31-Aug-14

PER10676 Pendimethalin / Spring onions, shallots & radish / Various broadleaf & grass weeds 16-Apr-08 30-Apr-13

PER11350 Mancozeb / Radish, swede & turnip / Alternaria, cercospora leaf spot, white blister 10-Aug-09 31-Mar-15


PER11949 Lambda-Cyhalothrin / Beetroot & radish / Various insects 1-Apr-10 31-Mar-15



Permits (cont.)


Your Production


PER11441 Propachlor / Radish, swede, turnip / Grass & broadleaf weeds 27-May-09 31-Dec-19


PER11475 Alpha-cypermethrin / Brassica leafy vegetables & radish / Redlegged earth mite, plague thrips & lepidoptera

11-Jun-09 30-Jun-12

PER12863 Chlorothalonil / Radish / White blister (Candida albugo) 9-Jun-11 30-Jun-16

PER10980 Propiconazole / Radishes / Cercospora 26-May-09 31-Mar-12

PER9325 Ambush Emulsifiable Concentrate Insecticide/ Rhubarb/ Green peach aphid, green looper, light brown apple moth & budworms

5-Apr-07 31-Mar-12

PER9922 Phos acid / Rhubarb / Downy mildew 3-Aug-07 1-Jul-12

PER11358 Clethodim / Rhubarb / Grass weeds listed on label 24-Jun-09 30-Jun-14

PER12384 Dual Gold Herbicide (S-metolachlor) / Rhubarb / Various weeds 18-Nov-10 31-Aug-15


14-Apr-08 31-Mar-13

PER12504 Permethrin/ Cucurbits: rockmelons, watermelons, pumpkin, cucumbers, squash & zucchini/ Cucumber moth larvae (Phakelura indica)

22-Jul-11 31-Dec-13

PER11644 Permethrin / Culinary herbs & root crops / Lepidopteran pests 30-Nov-09 30-Sep-11

PER11170 Fluazifop / Rosemary & garlic chives / Grass weeds 1-Jan-09 30-Sep-14

PER11775 Movento / Seed sunflower, seed sorghum, seed corn, seed sweet corn / Green peach aphid, cotton aphid, western flower thrip

19-Jan-10 31-Dec-11


PER6914 Lannate L (methomyl) / Spring onions & shallots / Western flower thrips 23-May-08 31-Mar-13

PER10882 Diazinon / Spring onions & shallots/ Thrips (excluding WFT) & onion seedling maggot 1-Jul-08 30-Jun-13

PER10596 Success (spinosad) / Spring onions & shallots / Western flower thrip 23-Apr-09 31-Oct-11


14-Jun-09 30-Jun-12

PER11937 Dimethomorph & Mancozeb / Spring onions & shallots / Downy mildew, purple blotch & botrytis rots 10-Jun-10 1-Jan-12


PER10868 Ioxynil / Spring onions, shallots & Welsh onions / Broad leaf & grass weeds 1-Jun-09 31-Mar-13


PER9921 Tribunil Herbicide / Spring onions & shallots / Various broadleaf & grass weeds 16-Jul-07 15-Jul-12

PER10088 Dithane Rainshield / Leeks & shallots / Purple blotch & downy mildew 30-Sep-07 1-Jan-12

PER10824 Copper Oxychloride, Cuprous Oxide or Cupric Hydroxide / Spring onions & shallots / Downy mildew 27-Sep-09 30-Sep-14


PER12364 BASF Pyramin WG Selective Herbicide / Fodder beet, red beet, silver beet / Various weeds & grasses 30-Sep-10 30-Sep-12


14-Jun-09 30-Jun-12



PER11572 Chlorothalonil / Spinach & silverbeet / Downy mildew, alternaria leaf blight & grey mould 23-Feb-10 31-Mar-13



28-Jun-11 30-Jun-14

PER11991 Legend Fungicide (quinoxyfen) / Silverbeet / Powdery mildew 29-Jun-11 31-Mar-16

PER12862 Zineb / Eggplant, spinach & silverbeet/ Anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) 4-Jul-11 31-Jul-14




PER9355 Alpha-cypermethrin / Silverbeet & spinach / Thrips, vegetable weevil & redlegged earth mite 23-Feb-07 31-Mar-12

PER10905 Dimethomorph / Silverbeet / Downy mildew 10-Dec-08 30-Sep-11

PER10748 Tilt 250 EC Systemic Fungicide & all other 250g/L formulations of propiconazole / Silverbeet / Various fungi

12-Aug-10 30-Jun-12

PER8931 Propachlor / Silverbeet & spinach / Broadleaf & grass weeds 21-Apr-11 31-Mar-15

Permits (cont.)


Your Production



PER9485 Acrobat / Snow peas / Downy mildew 5-Apr-07 30-Apr-12

PER10656 Pyrimethanil / Snow peas, Sugar snap peas, protected tomatoes & protected capsicums / Botrytis 1-Jun-09 30-Jun-12

PER7419 Lambda-cyhalothrin / Snow peas & sugar snap peas / Pasture webworm, cutworm, rutherglen bug & thrips

11-Aug-08 31-May-13

PER10976 Bentazone / Snow peas & sugar snap peas / Broadleaf weeds 10-Aug-09 31-Mar-15

PER10988 Bladex 900 WG (cyanazine) / Snow peas & sugar snap peas / Broadleaf weeds 10-Aug-09 31-Mar-15

PER11765 Etoxazole / Snow or sugar snap peas / Two-spotted mite 6-Jan-10 31-Dec-12

PER12571 Acramite 480 SC / Snow peas & sugar snap peas (field & greenhouse) / Mites 1-Apr-11 31-Jan-13

PER12822 Chess Insecticide/ Snow peas & sugar snap peas / Aphids 11-May-11 30-Jun-13

PER10679 Mancozeb/ Specified fruiting & legume vegetables / Downy mildew, anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) & alternaria

10-Jun-10 1-Jan-12

PER11526 Chlorothalonil / Specified herbs / Fungal diseases 12-Feb-10 30-Sep-14

PER11438 Glyphosate (shielded sprayer) / Specified vegetables / Grass & broadleaf weeds 5-May-09 30-Jun-19

PER11130 Linuron / Various culinary herbs & spices / Weeds 18-Jun-09 30-Jul-13






PER8931 Propachlor / Silverbeet & spinach / Broadleaf & grass weeds 21-Apr-11 31-Mar-15


28-Jun-11 30-Jun-14

PER12862 Zineb / Eggplant, spinach & silverbeet / Anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) 4-Jul-11 31-Jul-14

PER9355 Alpha-cypermethrin / Silverbeet & spinach / Thrips, vegetable weevil & redlegged earth mite 23-Feb-07 31-Mar-12

PER10906 Acrobat Fungicide / Spinach / Downy mildew 10-Dec-08 30-Sep-11


14-Jun-09 30-Jun-12


PER11572 Chlorothalonil / Spinach & silverbeet / Downy mildew, alternaria leaf blight & grey mould 23-Feb-10 31-Mar-13


14-Jun-09 30-Jun-12




PER9921 Tribunil Herbicide / Spring onions & shallots / Various broadleaf & grass weeds 16-Jul-07 15-Jul-12



PER10824 Copper Oxychloride, Cuprous Oxide or Cupric Hydroxide / Spring onions & shallots / Downy mildew 27-Sep-09 30-Sep-14

PER11763 Pirimicarb / Spring onions / Aphids 6-Jan-10 31-Dec-12

PER6914 Lannate L (methomyl) / Spring onions & shallots / Western flower thrips 23-May-08 31-Mar-13

PER10882 Diazinon / Spring onions & shallots / Thrips (excluding WFT) & onion seedling maggot 1-Jul-08 30-Jun-13

PER10596 Success (spinosad) / Spring onions & shallots / Western flower thrip 23-Apr-09 31-Oct-11

PER11937 Dimethomorph & Mancozeb / Spring onions & shallots / Downy mildew, purple blotch & botrytis rots 10-Jun-10 1-Jan-12



22-Jul-11 31-Dec-13

PER7419 Lambda-cyhalothrin / Snow peas & sugar snap peas / Pasture webworm, cutworm, rutherglen bug & thrips

11-Aug-08 31-May-13


PER10976 Bentazone / Snow peas & sugar snap peas / Broadleaf weeds 10-Aug-09 31-Mar-15

Permits (cont.)


Your Production


PER10988 Bladex 900 WG (cyanazine) / Snow peas & sugar snap peas / Broadleaf weeds 10-Aug-09 31-Mar-15

PER11765 Etoxazole / Snow or sugar snap peas / Two-spotted mite 6-Jan-10 31-Dec-12


PER12822 Chess Insecticide / Snow peas & sugar snap peas/ Aphids 11-May-11 30-Jun-13

PER12571 Acramite 480 SC / Snow peas & sugar snap peas (field & greenhouse) / Mites 1-Apr-11 31-Jan-13





PER10427 Fipronil (Regent 200 SC) / Swede & turnip / Diamondback moth 24-Jan-08 30-Sep-11

PER10433 Pirmicarb / Sweet corn / Aphids 12-May-09 31-Mar-12

PER11355 Abamectin / Sweet corn 19-Jan-10 30-Sep-12

PER5851 Chlorpyrifos / Sweet potato / Sweet potato weevil, bean spider mite, wireworm 12-Feb-07 12-Feb-12


PER9063 Regent 200 SC / Sweet potato / White fringed weevil & wireworm 21-Mar-06 1-Dec-11

PER10273 Bifenthrin / Sweet potato / Sweet potato weevil & bean spider mite 22-Feb-08 30-Sep-13


PER12047 Tecto Flowable SC Fungicide (thiabendazole) / Sweet potato / Field rots caused by scurf & root rot 29-Jun-11 30-Sep-16

PER10460 Phorate (Thimet 100G) / Sweet potatoes / Aphids, thrips, jassids & organophosphate susceptible two-spotted mite & wireworm

2-Jan-08 1-Jan-13

PER9722 Talstar (bifenthrin) / Sweet potato / Wireworm 31-Mar-09 30-Sep-13




PER12514 Sencor 480 SC (metribuzin) / Tomatoes / Weed control 11-Jan-11 31-Dec-15

PER12378 Acephate / Ornamentals, tomatoes & peppers / Western flower thrips 25-Oct-10 31-Oct-15





PER10427 Fipronil (Regent 200 SC) / Swede & turnip / Diamondback moth 24-Jan-08 30-Sep-11

PER11950 Chlorothalonil / Various crops / Various fungicides 1-Apr-10 31-Mar-13

PER11130 Linuron / Various culinary herbs & spices / Weeds 18-Jun-09 30-Jul-13

PER9778 Ecocarb Fungicide / Various greenhouse-grown vegetables / Powdery mildew 6-Sep-07 5-Sep-12

PER11472 VectoBac WG Biological Larvicide / Various protected crops & mushrooms / Fungus gnats & sciarids 18-Jun-09 31-May-14

PER12385 Products containing Copper / Various vegetable crops / Various diseases 4-Feb-11 31-Mar-13

PER12589 Chlorpyrifos / Various vegetables / African black beetle & wireworms 7-Feb-11 30-Jun-12

PER12753 Naturalure Fruit Fly Bait Concentrate / Ornamentals, amenity trees, fruit & nut trees, vines & vegetables / Mediterranean fruit fly & Queensland fruit fly

18-Mar-11 31-Mar-14


22-Jul-11 31-Dec-13



22-Jul-11 31-Dec-13


Permits (cont.)

WA GrowerADVERTISING SPECIFICATIONS

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vegetablesWAHorticultural House103 Outram Street, West Perth 6005

t: (08) 9481 0834 f: (08) 9481 0024e: fi [email protected]

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Bejo, a name that stands for quality

www.bejo.com.au

WA Representative

Tim Aldridge

Tel: 0458 685 858

E-mail: [email protected]

Bejo Seeds Pty Ltd

Cranbourne • Australia

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CarrotCabbage

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