walk friendly communities - marc
TRANSCRIPT
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Walk Friendly CommunitiesData, Trends and Evaluation
Dan Gelinne
Walk Friendly Communities Workshop
Grandview, MO | June 2015
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Module Overview
Topics
Background and purpose
– Why is data collection and measurement so
important?
Strategies
– What should we measure and should we do it?
Resources
– What tools and guides are available to help?
Exercise
2Data, Trends and Evaluation
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Background and Purpose
3Data, Trends and Evaluation
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Background and Purpose
Baseline data plays a critical role in:
– Project Funding and Prioritization
• All sites can’t be treated – where do we start?
– Goal Setting and Performance Measurement
• How can we tell if we’re making a difference?
– “Making the Case”
• Numbers and trends can tell a story
4Data, Trends and Evaluation
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Data and Evaluation Strategies
1. Measuring Activity Using Mode Share
and Count Data
2. Measuring Safety Using Crash and
Injury Data
3. Collecting Facility Inventories
4. Evaluating Projects and Documenting
Success Stories
5Data, Trends and Evaluation
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Mode Share and Counts
Why measure pedestrian activity?
Target projects in areas with more walking
– These locations may be at higher risk for
pedestrian crashes
Measure progress toward transportation
goals
– Setting a target mode share only works if you
can measure your progress
National-level data can be limited
6Data, Trends and Evaluation
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Mode Share and Counts
How to measure activity?
Census and American
Communities Survey
provide general data
Counts can provide more
detail about trip patterns
and locations
7Data, Trends and Evaluation
Image from
elsongeles
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Mode Share and Counts
US Census and American Communities
Survey
American Fact Finder
http://factfinder.census.gov/
Can be used to gauge overall progress but
collected infrequently, not location-specific
8Data, Trends and Evaluation
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Mode Share and Counts
Pedestrian Counts
Counts can provide
more detail
Manual or automated
– Pros and cons
Adjust for seasonal
variability and other
factors
9Data, Trends and Evaluation
Detection
Image developed by Tony Hull
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Count Program Example
Bike Walk Twin Cities
Count Report
Ongoing count program measures
citywide activity
40 count locations
Manual two-hour counts by trained
volunteers
Results show 23% increase in
pedestrian traffic from 2007-2012
More Information
www.bikewalktwincities.org
Minneapolis
Minnesota
10Data, Trends and Evaluation
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Count Program Example
Arlington Bicycle and
Pedestrian Count Program
Automated counters
permanently installed at
18 locations, plus 6
mobile counters for short-
term sidewalk counts
Web dashboard allows
users to view counts by
location
More Information
www.bikearlington.com
Arlington
Virginia
11Data, Trends and Evaluation
Web dashboard for viewing count
results by location
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Counting Resources
Guidebook on Pedestrian and
Bicyclist Volume Data
Collection
NCHRP Report 797
Monitoring Pedestrian and
Bicyclist Travel and Behavior
Transportation Research Board
Traffic Monitoring Guide,
Chapter 4
Federal Highway Administration
12Data, Trends and Evaluation
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Crash and Safety Data
Crash data is typically available in most
communities
Most readily available pedestrian-level
data (when compared to exposure data)
Measure all crashes – not just fatal and
serious injuries
Analysis can help identify problem areas
Crashes are random and infrequent – look
at multiple years of data
13Data, Trends and Evaluation
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Crash and Safety Data
Many factors to consider when
analyzing crashes
Pedestrian demographics (e.g.
age)
Pedestrian and driver action
Crash location
Injury type
Environmental factors (e.g.
lighting, weather conditions, etc.)14Data, Trends and Evaluation
From MARC
2013 analysis
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Crash and Safety Data
Spatial analysis reveals high priority
intersections and corridors
15Data, Trends and Evaluation
From MARC 2013 analysisSan Francisco WalkFirst Priority Corridors
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Crash Analysis Example
Pedestrian Crash AnalysisChicago
Illinois
16Data, Trends and Evaluation
Comprehensive analysis of
crashes 2005-2009
Based on earlier analysis from
2001-2005
Performed as initial step in
pedestrian plan development
More Information
www. chicagopedestrianplan.org
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Crash Analysis Resources
Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash
Analysis Tool (PBCAT)
Federal Highway Administration
2013 Pedestrian Crash Analysis
Mid-America Regional Council
Fatality Analysis Reporting
System (FARS)
National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration
17Data, Trends and Evaluation
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Facility Inventories
Inventories provide another way to
measure the pedestrian environment
Facility inventories can be used to
Prioritize future improvements
Analyze pedestrian crashes
Fulfill Americans with Disabilities Act
(ADA) requirements
18Data, Trends and Evaluation
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Facility Inventories
Inventories should include
Sidewalks
– Presence and condition
Curb ramps
– Presence and condition
Signals
– Type (e.g. ped countdown)
Crosswalks
– Marking type and presence19Data, Trends and Evaluation
Facility map from Lee’s Summit
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Facility Inventory Example
Sidewalk Inventory
Complete inventory of sidewalk
coverage and conditions
assessment
Data used to identify gaps and
prioritize new sidewalks
Also assessed compliance with
ADA requirements
More Information
www.cityofls.net
Lee’s Summit
Missouri
20Data, Trends and Evaluation
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Evaluation Tools and Methods
Evaluation is key to measuring progress
Evaluation should be built into every
project
Site reviews and road safety audits can
provide information not captured by other
sources
New approaches using Health Impact
Assessments and Multimodal Level of
Service
21Data, Trends and Evaluation
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Evaluation Tools and Methods
Road Safety Audits and Field Reviews
22Data, Trends and Evaluation
Image from FHWA
Crash data doesn’t
capture everything
Field reviews allow
observations of
pedestrian and
driver behavior
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Evaluation Tools and Methods
Health Impact Assessments
Used to evaluate the anticipated health
outcomes of transportation projects
Multimodal Level of Service
More balanced approach than traditional
level of service (LOS)
Emphasizes (and prioritizes)
nonmotorized and transit users23Data, Trends and Evaluation
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Evaluation Tools and Methods
Before and After Studies
Examining the impact of a particular
project on metrics of interest, such as
– Crashes
– Speed
– Volume
– Economic impact
Provide critical information to help
justify/support future projects24Data, Trends and Evaluation
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Project Evaluation Example
Pedestrian Environmental
Quality Index (PEQI)
Quantifies road and
environmental
characteristics to prioritize
improvements
Based on 31 indicators
that influence walking
Applications for public
health
More Information
www.sfhealthequity.org/
San Francisco
California
25Data, Trends and Evaluation
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Project Evaluation Example
Pedestrian Environmental
Quality Index (PEQI)
San Francisco
California
26Data, Trends and Evaluation
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Evaluation Tools and Resources
27Data, Trends and Evaluation
Evaluating Complete Streets
Projects: A Guide for
Practitioners
AARP / Smart Growth America
Pedestrian Road Safety Audit
Guidelines and Prompt Lists
Federal Highway Administration
Transportation Health Impact
Assessment Toolkit
Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention
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Data Collection and Evaluation
Strategies
Mode Share and Count Data
Safety Trends and Crash Analysis
Facility Inventories
Evaluation Tools and Methods
28Data, Trends and Evaluation
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Exercise
29Data, Trends and Evaluation