Introduction of web2.0 and Ajax

Thursday, June 15, 2006 WangYong crowtlf@wonkwang.ac.kr

Abstract:web2.0 is a new concept,but what’s is the true web2.0 that can’t to be represent very clearly.what’s is Ajax?It’s a new technology,too?

What’s the web 2.0?1. O’Reilly’s the web2.02. The state of web2.0.3. Visualinzing web2.0.4. web2.0 and SOA:contrived or converging?5. web 2.0 in my eyes.

Ajax technology.1.Ajax concepte.2. Core Techniques and Technologies3. How Ajax is Different4.Ajax Frameworks

What’s the web2.0?

1. O’Reilly’s the web2.0?The concept of “web2.0” began with a conference brainstorming session between O’Reilly and MediaLive International.In the year and a half since,the term “web2.0”has clealy taken hold,with more than 9.5 million citations in Google,but there’s still a huge amount of disagreement about just what web 2.0 means,with some people decrying it as a meaningless marketing buzzword,and others acceptin it as the new conventional wisdom.

In initial brainstorming,formulated sense of web2.0 by example:

Web 1.0   Web 2.0DoubleClick --> Google AdSense

Ofoto --> FlickrAkamai --> BitTorrent

mp3.com --> NapsterBritannica Online --> Wikipediapersonal websites --> blogging

evite --> upcoming.org and EVDBdomain name speculation --> search engine optimization

page views --> cost per clickscreen scraping --> web services

publishing --> participationcontent management systems --> wikis

directories (taxonomy) --> tagging ("folksonomy")stickiness --> syndication

The list went on and on,But what was it that made us identify one application or approach as “web 1.0” and another as “web2.0”?(The question is particularly urgent because the web2.0 meme has become so widespread that companies are now pasting it on as a marketing buzzword,with no real understanding of just what it means.The question is particularly difficult because many of those buzzword-addicted startups aredefinitely not web 2.0,while some of the application we identified as web 2.0,like Napster and BitTorrent,are not even properly web application!)we began trying to tease out the principles that are demonstrated in one way or another by the success stories of web 1.0 and by the most interesting of the new application.

1>.The web As PlatformLike many important concepts, Web 2.0 doesn't have a hard boundary, but rather, a gravitational core. You can visualize Web 2.0 as a set of principles and practices that tie together a veritable solar system of sites that demonstrate some or all of those principles, at a varying distance from that core.

Figure 1 shows a "meme map" of Web 2.0 that was developed at a brainstorming session during FOO Camp, a conference at O'Reilly Media. It's very much a work in progress, but shows the many ideas that radiate out from the Web 2.0 core.

2>.Harnessing Collective IntelligenceThe central principle behind the success of the giants born in the web1.0 era who have suvived to lead the web 2.0 era appears to thebe this ,that they have embraced the power of the web to harness collective intelligence: Hyperlinking is the foundation of the web. Yahoo!,the first great internet success story,was born as a catalog,or directory

of links. Google’s breaktrought in search was PageRank ,a method of using the link

structure of the web rather than just the characteristics of documents to provide better search results.

EBay’s product is the collective activeity of all its users.Now,innovative companies that pick up on this insight and perhaps extend it even further ,are making therir mark on the web: WiKIpedia,an online encyclopedia. Folksonomy(in contrast to taxonomy),a style of collaborative categoriazation

of sites using freely chosen keywords. Collaborative spam filtering products viral marketing relies on the peer-production methods of open source, in themselves an

instance of collective, net-enabled intelligence

Network effects from user contributions are the key to market dominance in the Web 2.0 era.

3>.Date is the next Inter InsideDatabase management is a core competency of Web 2.0 companies, so much so that we have sometimes referred to these applications as "infoware” rather than merely software

4>.End of the Software Realease CycleOperations must become a core competency. Users must be treated as co-developers

5>.Light weight Programming Models.Support lightweight programming models that allow for loosely coupled systems.Think syndication, not coordination. Simple web services, like RSS and REST-based web serviceDesign for "hackability" and remixability.

6>.Software Above the Level of a single device.To date, iTunes is the best exemplar of this principle. This application seamlessly reaches from the handheld device to a massive web back-end, with the PC acting as a local cache and control station

7>.Rich User Experiences.We expect to see many new web applications over the next few years, both truly novel applications, and rich web reimplementations of PC applications. Every platform change to date has also created opportunities for a leadership change in the dominant applications of the previous platform

2. The state of web 2.0Web 2.0 is not a technology, it's a way of architecting software and businesses.   And some organizations are definitely seeing the value in the Web 2.0 way of doing working.  Also, sites and software that embody many of the tenets of  Web 2.0 continue to appear almost ad infinitum.

The disconnect between the technicians and the architects and CTOs  seems to come particularly from the social aspect of Web 2.0.  It's this piece that often flips the "bozo bit" of technical people, who often have engineering background that demand explanations in terms of technology and often don't appreciate the social dimension.  Web 2.0 just doesn't have that technological bent other than liking Web services, Ajax, and radical decentralization, which bring the services, content, and rich experiences to mass audiences.  Web 2.0 is really a set of related forces, design patterns, and

business models that are increasingly emerging onto the world stage.  And these elements frequently defy detailed technical quantification, despite Tim O'Reilly's consummately well written description of Web 2.0 last year .It also has not helped that numerous folks have tried to co-opt the term for their own marketing and investment reasons, often without properly understanding what Web 2.0 is. 

one more time, what is Web 2.0 again?Key Aspects of Web 2.0

-The Web and all its connected devices as one global platform of reusable services and data-Data consumption and remixing from all sources, particularly user generated data-Continuous and seamless update of software and data, often very rapidly- Rich and interactive user interfaces-Architecture of participation that encourages user contribution

Some Apparent web2.0 Trends.-An Increasing Attention Scarcity-Onlin social communities are a winning Model-The Ria Mode works-the Mashup phenomenon will mature or wane-traditional software vendors will struggle in a web 2.0 world

3. Visualizing web 2.0People are finding that Web 2.0 places like Flickr or Voo2do and especially del.icio.us are terribly useful because they're always available, whenever they need it, anywhere they go, with their information.

And then there's the added value factor of putting your information into a highly social place. It becomes much, much more useful. People can leverage it, add value to it with comments, tagging, aggregation, bookmarking it, and so on. Your information, if you want, becomes part of the scene.And with Web 2.0 apps, you still maintain control of your data. You haven't lost it at all, you've really just put it in context.Yes, so Web 2.0 is such an engaging, lively, and useful place when compared to computing alone.However, still struggle to explain the web2.0 to fellow technologists. It's hard to understand all the Web 2.0 forces and the way that they actually seem to fit together so nicely.

Web 2.0 is so much more than Google supplanting Microsoft with services that replace traditional software and just exchanging one market leader for another.

So Dion Hinchcliffe working on yet another visualization of Web 2.0. It's not the O’Reilly meme-map, it is a more traditional, concrete diagram of Web 2.0 that shows the people facing side and the content and services. And what's inside them.

It's not complete, or necessarily 100% correct. But it's a start. Please comment or change it, I'd like to get this right. And help more people understand Web 2.0.

4. Web2.0 and SOA:contrived or converging?A lot of people have positively responded to this connection of concepts because the apparent convergence and similarity between these two organizing principles in software has become increasingly evident.  This despite both ideas having been famously accused of either being too vague or not existing at all (some good non-existence citations for Web 2.0 and SOA here) despite clear evidence to the contrary.  Part of the problem? Both Web 2.0 and SOA paint pictures on a very large conceptual canvas indeed, and it's often hard to get one's mind wrapped around them and their

many implications.

Achieving Clarity of Mind with Web 2.0 and SOASOA is easier to understand for most people than Web 2.0, particularly people with technical backgrounds.  This is partially because SOA is primarily an architectural concept.  Web 2.0 is a good bit larger and messier because it directly addresses what I call the people problem.  Too much software just doesn't take into account the most important ingredient, the people that use it.  Ross Mayfield actually had it right when he said a while back, somewhat tongue in cheek, that web 2.0 is made of people. 

In the end, the Web gets out ahead and shows us where IT is heading; that powered by network effects, people have become by far the most important factor in software.  They are the source of the majority of content, information, revenue, traffic, and just about anything else you might care about.  By taking advantage of this massive power on the edge of the network (both people and their computing/network power), we can build self-organizing communities that will dynamically form their own information ecosystems using the raw infrastructure they are provided.  That is, if you embrace the possibilities rather than try to constrain them.

It becomes a type of open/closed principle problem in this respect.  Too much of the software that exists today fails to allow unintended uses, discourages users by taking control away from them, forms walled gardens, and isolates them from other users, when the exact opposite is increasingly turning out to have the most value.  I've said numerous times in the past that users don't have to understand hardly anything about the ideas in Web 2.0 in order to be successful with it, but those that build Web 2.0

software need to have a very clear understanding of it indeed.

Finally, we're really starting to see actual Global SOA-style enterprise applications emerge such as the offerings by Ramesh Loganathan and One Network. 

5. web 2.0 in my eyes.what ‘s the web 2.0 value and significance?At present,the universal view is it can bring the true individuality, information independence..in practical application excepte original IM,P2P which Obtained the recent development and emerges the many new socialized thing,for instance Blog,RSS,WIKI,SNS.and so on.

Web 2.0 is the relative web 1.0 it is a general designation. new kind of Internet application. Simply pass by the internet browser explores the web page pattern is changing to a richly content,the ralation is stronger,tools stronger web 2.0 pattern.This is a new direction for the internet development.Concretely,From the web1.0 to web 2.0 is a evolution which is alone from the reading to writing,to the construct together.Blogger Don mentioned “web2.0 is by Flickr,Craigslist,Linkedin,Tribes,Ryze,Friendster,Del.icio.us,43Things and so on website is a representation,by social software Blong TAG,SNS,RSS,WIKI application for the core,rests on six separations and xml,ajax the new theory and technical realization internet new generation of pattern.”In fact,when we to understanding the web2.0,we need to understanding the web1.0.Let’s look at the world wide web history(for short name:www),is inventived by TimBerner-Lee who is work for the European community’s a large science and technology institution in 1989.By the web,resouce on the internet will be visually express in the web page and among the resource the web page can to link another linker.The Netscape,Yahoo and Google have contributived to the web1.0.Netscape invent and develop the first massive commercial browser.Yahoo bring internet yellow page,but the Google latercomers surpass the formers and suppley search engineering serverce.

The serch’s biggest contribution is that make a index for information one the internet use machine.but we only to know the key words which in the web page is not enough,only to absolve the people browser the web page’s requirement.so TimBerners-lee advance beginning to cry up Semantic web concept after the point to the web1.0 shortly.why?Because the machine can not to understand on the internet content.His thingking is use a sort of manner of semantic when folks design the website and construct the database that can be understand by manchine .that is ,whole internet is a strict structor repository.From ideal part that is very absorbing,because the scientist and the machine like the thing which have ordering.Berners-Lee concerned date on the internet and if it

can be repeat reference for the other internet applicatiton.for example for the dirction datebase of captivations.There is a product that named “LiberyLink”.when we installed it then to the Amazon to shopping ,you would finded that will told you whether that book could be find in user’s local library and book number,and so on.because a book have a universal name and number,when each the different internet serverces(AmaZon and local library’s database index) can to sharing data for user of new service.But after the semantic web proposed,it is too cultured to be appreciated by the masses,the response person are not any ,why?Because expect the maker of website supply additionally information to make the machine understand a web page is very diffcult.in other hand,that is ,people work for the machine.This is broken the human’s essentiality of lazy.let us to look at the google.Google have a technology that is Page Rank which is use the link with the page rationship to make a result ordering’s reference. In disguised form judgment of the web designer. Google on this innovation, with a homepage partial strength, pushed up it the Internet crest.So the next step of the internet make all people to busy to twist the network,then to use softeware process the information to easy find and browser by the machine.if said the web1.0 is a core of basis data,that I consider web2.0 is a internet of the stating point basis human.

Ajax technology.1. Ajax concepte.

Ajax, shorthand for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML, is a Web development technique for creating interactive web applications. The intent is to make web pages feel more responsive by exchanging small amounts of data with the server behind the scenes, so that the entire web page does not have to be reloaded each time the user makes a change. This is meant to increase the web page's interactivity, speed, and usability. The first known use of the term in public was by Jesse James Garrett in his February 2005 article Ajax: A New Approach to Web Applications. At subsequent talks and seminars Garrett has made the point that Ajax is not an acronym.

The Ajax technique uses a combination of:

XHTML (or HTML), CSS, for marking up and styling information. The DOM accessed with a client-side scripting language, especially

ECMAScript implementations such as JavaScript and JScript, to dynamically display and interact with the information presented.

The XMLHttpRequest object to exchange data asynchronously with the web

server. In some Ajax frameworks and in certain situations, an IFrame object is used instead of the XMLHttpRequest object to exchange data with the web server.

XML is sometimes used as the format for transferring data between the server and client, although any format will work, including preformatted HTML, plain text, JSON and even EBML.

Like DHTML, LAMP, or SPA, Ajax is not a technology in itself, but a term that refers to the use of a group of technologies together.

2. Core Techniques and Technologies

Ajax applications use a combination of the following techniques, all using technologies which are present in modern browsers:

Responding to User Events with DHTML - Ajax applications are all about responding to events in the browser, and DHTML allows actions to be triggered according to events such as a keypress.

Dynamic Browser Behaviour with Javascript - Javascript is used heavily to provide dynamic behaviour after the page has been initially loaded.

Changing Display with the Document Object Model (DOM) - Modern browsers expose the HTML document as a data structure. Using Javascript to

manipulate the structure, it's possible to alter the page after it's loaded. For instance, it's possible to change text or change background colours.

Redefining Events with DOM and Javascript - Event listeners are also part of the DOM, so an Ajax application can respond to one event by changing what happens when another event occurs.

Web remoting with XMLHttpRequest and Frames - To provide a continous experience, Ajax applications talk back and forth to the server without actually submitting a form and redrawing the page. In the past, some applications used a workaround involving Frames or IFrames, but most Ajax applications are now using the XMLHttpRequest object, which is designed exactly for this purpose.

Scheduling with setTimeout() - Using mechanisms like Javascript's setTimeout(), Ajax applications can make actions happen periodically or at specified times.

Message Passing with XML - XML is popular as a format for passing messages between the client and server, as there is strong support for XML manipulation at both ends.

3. How Ajax is Different.

An Ajax application eliminates the start-stop-start-stop nature of interaction on the Web by introducing an intermediary — an Ajax engine — between the user and the server. It seems like adding a layer to the application would make it less responsive, but the opposite is true.

Instead of loading a webpage, at the start of the session, the browser loads an Ajax engine — written in JavaScript and usually tucked away in a hidden frame. This engine is responsible for both rendering the interface the user sees and communicating with the server on the user’s behalf. The Ajax engine allows the user’s interaction with the application to happen asynchronously — independent of communication with the server. So the user is never staring at a blank browser window and an hourglass icon, waiting around for the server to do something.

Every user action that normally would generate an HTTP request takes the form of a JavaScript call to the Ajax engine instead. Any response to a user action that doesn’t require a trip back to the server — such as simple data validation, editing data in memory, and even some navigation — the engine handles on its own. If the engine needs something from the server in order to respond — if it’s submitting data for processing, loading additional interface code, or retrieving new data — the engine makes those requests asynchronously, usually using XML, without stalling a user’s interaction with the application

4. Ajax Frameworks

Various Ajax-related frameworks, The definition of "Ajax" extends beyond remoting/XMLHttpRequest to any form of rich browser applications.

Javascript

Popular:

Javascript Multipurpose Frameworks Broader-scope frameworks (e.g. Dojo, TIBCO General Interface, BackBase).

Javascript Remoting Frameworks Browser-Server Web_Remoting, i.e. XMLHttpRequest wrappers and IFrame wrappers.

Specialised:

Javascript Effects Frameworks Visual Effects. Javascript Flash Frameworks Javascript-Flash Integration. Javascript Logging Frameworks Logging. Javascript XML Frameworks Dealing with XML, XSLT, Xpath, and possibly

Web Remoting. (e.g. GoogleXSLT). Javascript Specialised Frameworks Frameworks that don't fit any catgory

above, e.g. drag-and-drop or widget libraries.

Server-Side and Hybrid Frameworks

C++ Ajax Frameworks Coldfusion Ajax Frameworks DotNet Ajax Frameworks Java Ajax Frameworks Lisp Ajax Frameworks Lotus Notes Ajax Frameworks Multi-Language Ajax Frameworks >1 server-side language, including the

other languages here (C++, Coldfusion, ...) Perl Ajax Frameworks PHP Ajax Frameworks Python Ajax Frameworks Ruby Ajax Frameworks Smalltalk Frameworks

Reference:1. http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-

20.html2. http://radar.oreilly.com/archives/2005/08/not_20.html3. http://www.adaptivepath.com/publications/essays/archives/000385.php4. http://soft.yesky.com/327/2055327.shtml5. http://web2.wsj2.com/

6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AJAX