war in the pacific. pacific theater in addition to pearl harbor, japan attacks malaya, hong kong,...
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War in the PacificWar in the Pacific
Pacific TheaterPacific Theater• In addition to Pearl Harbor, Japan In addition to Pearl Harbor, Japan
attacks Malaya, Hong Kong, Guam, attacks Malaya, Hong Kong, Guam, Wake Island, Midway Island, and the Wake Island, Midway Island, and the Philippines (where the Americans are Philippines (where the Americans are stationed under Gen. MacArthur)stationed under Gen. MacArthur)
Philippines - Bataan Death Philippines - Bataan Death MarchMarch
• MacArthur ordered MacArthur ordered to relinquish to relinquish command; escaped command; escaped to Australiato Australia
• 25,000 Americans 25,000 Americans and Filipinos died and Filipinos died on the 60 mi. on the 60 mi. Bataan Death Bataan Death March to captivityMarch to captivity
• Beheadings, Beheadings, shootings, slit shootings, slit throats, rapes, throats, rapes, bayonet stabbings, bayonet stabbings, disembowelments, disembowelments, denial of food and denial of food and waterwater
Bataan Death MarchBataan Death March
– ““I was questioned by a I was questioned by a Japanese officer who found Japanese officer who found out that I had been in a out that I had been in a Philippine Scout Battalion. Philippine Scout Battalion. The Japanese hated the The Japanese hated the scouts….Anyway, they took scouts….Anyway, they took me outside and I was forced me outside and I was forced to watch as they buried six of to watch as they buried six of my scouts alive. They made my scouts alive. They made the men dig their own graves, the men dig their own graves, and then they had them kneel and then they had them kneel down in a pit. The guards hit down in a pit. The guards hit them over the head with them over the head with shovels to stun them and shovels to stun them and piled the earth on top of piled the earth on top of them.”them.”
1942 – Allies gain control in 1942 – Allies gain control in PacificPacific
Greatest Extent of Japan’s Greatest Extent of Japan’s Sphere of InfluenceSphere of Influence
Battle of the Coral SeaBattle of the Coral Sea• America/Australia America/Australia
v. Japanv. Japan– New kind of naval New kind of naval
warfarewarfare•Not a shot fired Not a shot fired
from the ships from the ships (all from planes)(all from planes)
•Battle was a Battle was a draw (Allies lose draw (Allies lose more ships, but more ships, but Japanese halts Japanese halts expansion)expansion)
Battle of Midway - 1942Battle of Midway - 1942• Northwest of HawaiiNorthwest of Hawaii• Was a key American airfieldWas a key American airfield• Japan had largest naval force ever assembled; Japan had largest naval force ever assembled;
outnumbers U.S. 4 to 1 outnumbers U.S. 4 to 1 • Japan’s goal: finish off U.S. fleetJapan’s goal: finish off U.S. fleet• U.S. cracks Japanese codeU.S. cracks Japanese code• U.S. surprises Japan and winsU.S. surprises Japan and wins• ““The Americans had avenged Pearl Harbor” – YamamotoThe Americans had avenged Pearl Harbor” – Yamamoto• Turning pointTurning point
Allies go on the offensiveAllies go on the offensive
• Island hoppingIsland hopping– Taking one island at Taking one island at
a time closer and a time closer and closer to Japancloser to Japan
– Skip the Japanese Skip the Japanese strongpointsstrongpoints
– Douglas Macarthur Douglas Macarthur (U.S.) (U.S.)
Battle of Guadalcanal Battle of Guadalcanal
• Base of Japanese Base of Japanese air forceair force
• U.S./Australia v. U.S./Australia v. JapanJapan
• Took 6 monthsTook 6 months• Japan’s 1Japan’s 1stst defeat defeat
on landon land• Japanese lose Japanese lose
23,000 out of 23,000 out of 36,00036,000
• ““island of death”island of death”
Battle of GuadalcanalBattle of Guadalcanal
• ““Hell was furry red spiders Hell was furry red spiders as big as your fist, giant as big as your fist, giant lizards as long as your leg, lizards as long as your leg, leeches falling from trees leeches falling from trees to suck blood, armies of to suck blood, armies of white ants with bites of white ants with bites of fire, scurrying scorpions fire, scurrying scorpions inflaming any flesh they inflaming any flesh they touched, enormous rats touched, enormous rats and bats everywhere, and and bats everywhere, and rivers with waiting rivers with waiting crocodiles. Hell was the crocodiles. Hell was the sour, foul smell of the sour, foul smell of the squishy jungle, humidity squishy jungle, humidity that rotted a body within that rotted a body within hours….Hell was an hours….Hell was an enemy…..so fanatic that it enemy…..so fanatic that it used its own dead as used its own dead as booby traps.”booby traps.”
““I shall return” – MacArthurI shall return” – MacArthurU.S. Retakes Philippines, 1944U.S. Retakes Philippines, 1944
U.S. bombs Japan, Wake U.S. bombs Japan, Wake IslandIsland• Use Saipan and Use Saipan and
Tinian as bombing Tinian as bombing basesbases
Pacific/JapanPacific/Japan
• Japanese keep Japanese keep retreating but retreating but won’t surrenderwon’t surrender
• Have no hope of Have no hope of winning but winning but begin kamikaze begin kamikaze missions missions against allies – against allies – Leyte GulfLeyte Gulf
Iwo Jima and OkinawaIwo Jima and Okinawa• ““Sulfur Island”Sulfur Island”
• 20,700 Japanese20,700 Japanese
• 6000 US Marines killed6000 US Marines killed
• 20,500 Japanese killed20,500 Japanese killed
-1900 Kamikaze
-12,000 Americans killed (49,000 casualties)
-110,000 Japanese killed
-Ready for Japanese invasion?
Plan to Invade JapanPlan to Invade Japan
• US planned to US planned to invade Japan with invade Japan with eleven Army and eleven Army and Marine divisions Marine divisions (650,000 troops)(650,000 troops)
• Casualty estimates Casualty estimates for the operation for the operation were as high as were as high as 1,400,0001,400,000
• Truman must Truman must decide to invadedecide to invade
A-Bombs on JapanA-Bombs on JapanTruman learns of A-Bomb at Truman learns of A-Bomb at
Potsdam ConferencePotsdam Conference
issues warning to Japan (really issues warning to Japan (really a warning to USSR?)a warning to USSR?)
ignored (by both)ignored (by both)
August 6 – dropped on HiroshimaAugust 6 – dropped on Hiroshima
73,000 out of 365,000 73,000 out of 365,000 diedie
no surrenderno surrender
August 9 – dropped on NagasakiAugust 9 – dropped on Nagasaki
37,000 out of 200,000 37,000 out of 200,000 diedie
Japan surrenders (V-J Day)Japan surrenders (V-J Day)
Captain Paul Tibbets piloted Captain Paul Tibbets piloted the plane (named after his the plane (named after his mother) that dropped the mother) that dropped the bomb on Hiroshimabomb on Hiroshima
A-Bomb in Hiroshima A-Bomb in Hiroshima
• Ground temperature = 7,000 Ground temperature = 7,000 degrees Fdegrees F
• Winds = 980 miles per hourWinds = 980 miles per hour• Energy released= 20,000 tons Energy released= 20,000 tons
of TNTof TNT• 62,000 buildings destroyed62,000 buildings destroyed• 70,000 killed immediately70,000 killed immediately• 140,000 dead by the end of 140,000 dead by the end of
the yearthe year• 200,000 related deaths to 200,000 related deaths to
bomb in Hiroshimabomb in Hiroshima
