WAR OF BROTHER AGAINST WAR OF BROTHER AGAINST BROTHERBROTHER

WAR OF BROTHER AGAINST WAR OF BROTHER AGAINST BROTHERBROTHER

TheTheCivil WarCivil War

(1861-1865)(1861-1865)

TheTheCivil WarCivil War

(1861-1865)(1861-1865)

Jefferson Davis-SouthJefferson Davis-SouthJefferson Davis-SouthJefferson Davis-South

Pres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson Davis

**JEFFERSON DAVIS**JEFFERSON DAVIS

US SENATOR WHO BECAME PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA (CSA)

US SENATOR WHO BECAME PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA (CSA)

Robert E. Lee-SouthRobert E. Lee-South

**ROBERT E. LEE-SOUTH**ROBERT E. LEE-SOUTHCONFEDERATE GENERAL OF THE ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA

LEE OPPOSED SECESSION BUT DID NOT BELIEVE UNION SHOULD BE HELD TOGETHER BY FORCE

AFTER APPOMATTOX-LEE URGED SOUTHERNERS TO ACCEPT DEFEAT AND TO UNITE AGAIN

CONFEDERATE GENERAL OF THE ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA

LEE OPPOSED SECESSION BUT DID NOT BELIEVE UNION SHOULD BE HELD TOGETHER BY FORCE

AFTER APPOMATTOX-LEE URGED SOUTHERNERS TO ACCEPT DEFEAT AND TO UNITE AGAIN

**STONEWALL JACKSON-**STONEWALL JACKSON-Lee’s right hand man-SouthLee’s right hand man-South

President Abraham Lincoln-President Abraham Lincoln-NorthNorth

**ABRAHAM LINCOLN-NORTH

**ABRAHAM LINCOLN-NORTH

PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

INSISTED THAT THE UNION BE HELD TOGETHER BY FORCE IF NECESSARY

PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

INSISTED THAT THE UNION BE HELD TOGETHER BY FORCE IF NECESSARY

Ulysses Grant-NorthUlysses Grant-North

**ULYSSES GRANT-NORTH**ULYSSES GRANT-NORTH

UNION MILITARY COMMANDER

WON VICTORIES OVER THE SOUTH AFTER SEVERAL OTHER UNION COMMANDERS HAD FAILED

UNION MILITARY COMMANDER

WON VICTORIES OVER THE SOUTH AFTER SEVERAL OTHER UNION COMMANDERS HAD FAILED

**WILLIAM T. SHERMAN-NORTH**WILLIAM T. SHERMAN-NORTH

FREDERICK DOUGLASS-FREDERICK DOUGLASS-NORTHNORTH

**FREDERICK DOUGLASS-NORTH

**FREDERICK DOUGLASS-NORTH

FORMER SLAVE WHO BECAME A PROMINENT ABOLITIONIST

URGED LINCOLN TO RECRUIT FORMER SLAVES TO FIGHT IN THE UNION ARMY

FORMER SLAVE WHO BECAME A PROMINENT ABOLITIONIST

URGED LINCOLN TO RECRUIT FORMER SLAVES TO FIGHT IN THE UNION ARMY

**CAUSES OF CIVIL WAR**CAUSES OF CIVIL WARSectional disagreements and debated over tariffs, extension of slavery in the territories, and the nature of the Union(states’ rights)Northern abolitionists versus Southern defenders of slaveryUS Supreme Court decision Dred Scott case(ruled African Americans not citizens)Uncle Tom’s Cabin -Harriet Beecher StoweIneffective Presidents in the 1850’sSeries of failed CompromisesLincoln’s call for federal troops in 1861 in the South

Sectional disagreements and debated over tariffs, extension of slavery in the territories, and the nature of the Union(states’ rights)Northern abolitionists versus Southern defenders of slaveryUS Supreme Court decision Dred Scott case(ruled African Americans not citizens)Uncle Tom’s Cabin -Harriet Beecher StoweIneffective Presidents in the 1850’sSeries of failed CompromisesLincoln’s call for federal troops in 1861 in the South

**SECESSION**SECESSION1861-1861-7 STATES SECEDED BECAUSE 7 STATES SECEDED BECAUSE LINCOLN WAS ELECTED PRESIDENT-LINCOLN WAS ELECTED PRESIDENT-FEARED LINCOLN WOULD ABOLISH FEARED LINCOLN WOULD ABOLISH SLAVERYSLAVERY

SOUTH CAROLINA WAS THE FIRST.SOUTH CAROLINA WAS THE FIRST.

THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA (CSA) WAS FORMED(CSA) WAS FORMED

*4 STATES WERE SLAVE STATES BUT *4 STATES WERE SLAVE STATES BUT STAYED IN UNION STAYED IN UNION BORDER STATESBORDER STATES--MISSOURI,KENTUCKY,MARYLAND, AND MISSOURI,KENTUCKY,MARYLAND, AND DELAWARE AND LATER WEST VIRGINIADELAWARE AND LATER WEST VIRGINIA

**North vs. South in **North vs. South in 18611861

**North vs. South in **North vs. South in 18611861

PLAY VIDEO HERE

OvervieOverviewwofof

the the North’sNorth’s

Civil WarCivil WarStrategyStrategy

::

““Anaconda”Anaconda”PlanPlan

OvervieOverviewwofof

the the North’sNorth’s

Civil WarCivil WarStrategyStrategy

::

““Anaconda”Anaconda”PlanPlan

**ANACONDA PLAN-NORTH’S **ANACONDA PLAN-NORTH’S STRATEGYSTRATEGY

UNION BLOCKADE SOUTHERN UNION BLOCKADE SOUTHERN COASTS TO AFFECT SUPPLY ROUTESCOASTS TO AFFECT SUPPLY ROUTES

UNION FORCES GAIN CONTROL OF UNION FORCES GAIN CONTROL OF THE MISSISSIPPI AND SPLIT THE MISSISSIPPI AND SPLIT CONFEDERACY IN TWOCONFEDERACY IN TWO

UNION ARMIES WOULD CAPTURE UNION ARMIES WOULD CAPTURE RICHMOND(CAPITAL OF THE RICHMOND(CAPITAL OF THE CONFEDERACY)CONFEDERACY)

The “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” Plan

**SOUTH’S STRATEGY**SOUTH’S STRATEGY

Mostly DEFENSIVEMostly DEFENSIVE

Army of Northern Virginia did try to Army of Northern Virginia did try to move into Union territory, but was move into Union territory, but was turned back at Gettysburg. turned back at Gettysburg.

Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth

Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth

Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861

Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860

Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860

Resources: North & the Resources: North & the SouthSouth

Resources: North & the Resources: North & the SouthSouth

The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861

The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861

Soldiers’ Soldiers’ Occupations: Occupations: North/South North/South CombinedCombined

Soldiers’ Soldiers’ Occupations: Occupations: North/South North/South CombinedCombined

The Confederate “White The Confederate “White House”House”

Richmond, VARichmond, VA

The Confederate “White The Confederate “White House”House”

Richmond, VARichmond, VA

The Confederate SealThe Confederate SealThe Confederate SealThe Confederate Seal

MOTTO MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator” “With God As Our Vindicator”MOTTO MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator” “With God As Our Vindicator”

Lincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s Generals

Irwin McDowellIrwin McDowellIrwin McDowellIrwin McDowell

Winfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield Scott

George McClellan,George McClellan,Again!Again!

George McClellan,George McClellan,Again!Again!

George McClellanMcClellanGeorge McClellanMcClellan

Ambrose BurnsideAmbrose Burnside

Joseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph Hooker

George MeadeGeorge MeadeGeorge MeadeGeorge MeadeUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant

McClellan: McClellan: I Can Do It I Can Do It All!All!

McClellan: McClellan: I Can Do It I Can Do It All!All!

The Confederate The Confederate GeneralsGenerals

The Confederate The Confederate GeneralsGenerals

Jeb StuartJeb StuartJeb StuartJeb Stuart

James LongstreetJames LongstreetJames LongstreetJames Longstreet

George PickettGeorge PickettGeorge PickettGeorge Pickett

““Stonewall” JacksonStonewall” Jackson““Stonewall” JacksonStonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Nathan Bedford ForrestForrest

Nathan Bedford Nathan Bedford ForrestForrest

Robert E. LeeRobert E. LeeRobert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

First Skirmish of the Civil WarFirst Skirmish of the Civil WarFt. Sumter,S.C.-April,12,1861Ft. Sumter,S.C.-April,12,1861

**FT. SUMTER,S.C. DETAILS**FT. SUMTER,S.C. DETAILS

THIS WAS THIS WAS THE SPARK-OPENING THE SPARK-OPENING CONFRONTATION IN THE CIVIL WARCONFRONTATION IN THE CIVIL WAR

SOUTHERNERS BOMBARDED THE SOUTHERNERS BOMBARDED THE FORT AND TOOK CONTROL FORT AND TOOK CONTROL APRIL APRIL 12,186112,1861

BULL RUN, VA-JULY 1861BULL RUN, VA-JULY 1861

FIRST MAJOR BATTLEFIRST MAJOR BATTLE

STONEWALL JACKSON GOT HIS NAME STONEWALL JACKSON GOT HIS NAME HEREHERE

PEOPLE HAD PICNICS TO WATCHPEOPLE HAD PICNICS TO WATCH

IMPORTANCE-IMPORTANCE-UNION REALIZED UNION REALIZED WOULD NOT BE AN EASILY WON WARWOULD NOT BE AN EASILY WON WAR

Bull Run bridgeBull Run bridge

The Battle of the The Battle of the Ironclads,Ironclads,

March, 1862March, 1862

The Battle of the The Battle of the Ironclads,Ironclads,

March, 1862March, 1862The Monitor

vs.the Merrimac

The Monitor vs.

the Merrimac

*MONITOR V MERRIMAC *MONITOR V MERRIMAC DETAILSDETAILS

*1862-MERRIMAC(CSS VIRGINIA) WAS A *1862-MERRIMAC(CSS VIRGINIA) WAS A UNION SHIP THE CONFEDERACY COVERED UNION SHIP THE CONFEDERACY COVERED IN IRONIN IRON

*THE UNION’S IRONCLAD –THE MONITOR*THE UNION’S IRONCLAD –THE MONITOR

*FOUGHT IN HAMPTON ROADS WATERS*FOUGHT IN HAMPTON ROADS WATERS

*CONSIDERED A DRAW*CONSIDERED A DRAW

THE MONITOR SUNK OFF COAST N.CTHE MONITOR SUNK OFF COAST N.C

THE SOUTH DESTROYED THE MERRIMACTHE SOUTH DESTROYED THE MERRIMAC

MONITORMONITOR

IT HOUSED IT’S GUNS IN A IT HOUSED IT’S GUNS IN A REVOLVING TURRET.REVOLVING TURRET.

THE THE TURRET AND CANNON TURRET AND CANNON ARE AT ARE AT THE THE MARINER’S MUSEUM MARINER’S MUSEUM IN IN NEWPORT NEWS,VANEWPORT NEWS,VA

Damage on the Deck of the Damage on the Deck of the MonitorMonitor

Damage on the Deck of the Damage on the Deck of the MonitorMonitor

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the “Bloodiest Single Day of the

War”War”

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the “Bloodiest Single Day of the

War”War”

26,000 26,000 casualtiescasualties

26,000 26,000 casualtiescasualties

September 17, September 17, 18621862September 17, September 17, 18621862

**DETAILS OF ANTIETAM,MD**DETAILS OF ANTIETAM,MD1862- BLOODIEST SINGLE BATTLE IN AMERICAN HISTORY-26,000 DEAD. MORE THAN THE WAR OF 1812 AND MEXICAN WAR COMBINED

CONSIDERED A DRAW –BUT THE SOUTH LOST A QUARTER OF ITS MEN AND RETREATED

IMPORTANCE- SINGLE BLOODIEST BATTLE IN US HISTORY

Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863

TheTheEmancipatiEmancipati

ononProclamatioProclamatio

n-n-

TheTheEmancipatiEmancipati

ononProclamatioProclamatio

n-n-

****EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATIONEMANCIPATION PROCLAMATIONJANUARY 1, 1863JANUARY 1, 1863

FREED SLAVES IN THE “REBELLING STATES”

ONLY APPLIED TO SOUTHERN CONFEDERATE STATES-NOT UNION OR BORDER STATES

MADE THE DESTRUCTION OF SLAVERY A NORTHERN WAR AIM

DISCOURAGED INTERFERENCE BY FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS

ALLOWED ENLISTMENT OF AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE UNION ARMY

*WEST VIRGINIA-1863*WEST VIRGINIA-1863

WESTERN COUNTIES OF VIRGINIA WESTERN COUNTIES OF VIRGINIA ANTI-SLAVERY SO THEY SECEDED ANTI-SLAVERY SO THEY SECEDED AND FORMED WEST VIRGINIAAND FORMED WEST VIRGINIA

CHANCELLORVILLE,VACHANCELLORVILLE,VA

MAY 1863-STONEWALL JACKSON MISTAKENLY SHOT IN LEFT ARM BY CONFEDERATE GUARDS-HIS ARM AMPUTATED AND CAUGHT PNEUMONIA AND DIED

LEE SAID “HE HAS LOST HIS LEFT ARM,BUT I HAVE LOST MY RIGHT”

MAJOR LOSS TO THE LEADERSHIP OF THE CONFEDERACY

The Road to The Road to Gettysburg: 1863Gettysburg: 1863

The Road to The Road to Gettysburg: 1863Gettysburg: 1863

**DETAILS OF **DETAILS OF GETTYSBURG,PAGETTYSBURG,PA

*1863-TURNING POINT OF WAR*1863-TURNING POINT OF WAR

3 DAY BLOODY BATTLE3 DAY BLOODY BATTLE

NORTH-23,000 KILLED OR WOUNDEDNORTH-23,000 KILLED OR WOUNDED

SOUTH-28,000 KILLED OR WOUNDEDSOUTH-28,000 KILLED OR WOUNDED

+THE SOUTHERN ARMY WAS STOPPED +THE SOUTHERN ARMY WAS STOPPED HEREHERE

*IMPORTANCE-TURNING POINT OF WAR*IMPORTANCE-TURNING POINT OF WAR

Gettysburg Gettysburg CasualtiesCasualtiesGettysburg Gettysburg CasualtiesCasualties

GettysburgGettysburg

UNION AND CONFEDERATE UNION AND CONFEDERATE SOLDIERSSOLDIERS

*GETTYSBURG ADDRESS*GETTYSBURG ADDRESSLincoln described the war aim now as a struggle to preserve the nation-

“SECOND AMERICAN REVOLUTION”

“All men are created equal”

Government “of the people, by the people, for the people”

America is “ONE NATION” not a collection of sovereign states as the South believed.

Southerners believed that states had freely joined the Union and could freely leave.

VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI-VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI-JULY1863JULY1863

GRANT TOOK CONTROL OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER IN THIS BATTLE

THIS ALONG WITH GETTYSBURG WOULD BE THE DOWNFALL OF THE CONFEDERATE ARMY

Sherman’sSherman’s“March“Marchto theto theSea”Sea”

throughthroughGeorgia,Georgia,

18641864

Sherman’sSherman’s“March“Marchto theto theSea”Sea”

throughthroughGeorgia,Georgia,

18641864

*SHERMAN’S PLAN-1864*SHERMAN’S PLAN-1864

States “WAR IS HELL” then lays waste to Georgia and South Carolina.

SCORCHED EARTH

TOTAL WAR

Totally destroyed Charleston, S.C. and Atlanta, GA. – the premier cities in the South

Surrender at Surrender at AppomattoxAppomattox

April 9, 1865April 9, 1865

Surrender at Surrender at AppomattoxAppomattox

April 9, 1865April 9, 1865

**DETAILS OF SURRENDER**DETAILS OF SURRENDER

**APRIL 9, 1865- The last major Confederate Army surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse (VA)

*Lincoln requested terms be generous:

1.Grant paroled Lee’s officers

2.Let soldiers keep personal possessions, horses and 3 days’ rations

3.Officers permitted to keep side arms

*COMMON SOLDIERS*COMMON SOLDIERS

HAND TO HAND COMBAT

DIARIES AND LETTERS TELL THE STORY

PERMANENT DISABILTIES

SOUTH-HOMES, FARMLAND DESTROYED

HAND TO HAND COMBAT

DIARIES AND LETTERS TELL THE STORY

PERMANENT DISABILTIES

SOUTH-HOMES, FARMLAND DESTROYED

African-American Recruiting African-American Recruiting PosterPoster

African-American Recruiting African-American Recruiting PosterPoster

**AFRICAN AMERICANS IN **AFRICAN AMERICANS IN CIVIL WARCIVIL WAR

*EMANCIPATION ALLOWED FOR ENLISTMENT

*BY WAR’S END 10% OF UNION ARMY

SERVED IN SEGREGATED UNITS-EX. 54TH INFANTRY-GLORY

WHEN CAPTURED BY CONFEDERATES-KILLED NOT JAILED

The Famous 54The Famous 54thth MassachusettsMassachusetts

The Famous 54The Famous 54thth MassachusettsMassachusetts

August Saint-Gaudens August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Memorial to Col. Robert

Gould ShawGould Shaw

August Saint-Gaudens August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Memorial to Col. Robert

Gould ShawGould Shaw

WOMEN IN THE WAR-WOMEN IN THE WAR-CLARA BARTONCLARA BARTON

American Redcorss

American Red Cross

**WOMEN’S ROLES**WOMEN’S ROLES

MANAGED HOMES AND FAMILIES WITH SCARCE RESOURCES

FACED POVERTY AND HUNGER

BECAME FARMERS, NURSES, AND WORKED IN WAR INDUSTRIES

MANAGED HOMES AND FAMILIES WITH SCARCE RESOURCES

FACED POVERTY AND HUNGER

BECAME FARMERS, NURSES, AND WORKED IN WAR INDUSTRIES

LOUISA MAY ALCOTTLOUISA MAY ALCOTT

LiLittle Women

Inflation in the SouthInflation in the SouthInflation in the SouthInflation in the South

Casualties on Both Casualties on Both SidesSides

Casualties on Both Casualties on Both SidesSides

Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other

WarsWars

Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other

WarsWars

Ford’s Theater Ford’s Theater (April 14, (April 14, 1865)1865)

Ford’s Theater Ford’s Theater (April 14, (April 14, 1865)1865)

The AssassinThe AssassinThe AssassinThe Assassin

John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth

The AssassinationThe AssassinationThe AssassinationThe Assassination

WANTED~WANTED~~!!~!!

WANTED~WANTED~~!!~!!

Now He Belongs to the Now He Belongs to the Ages!Ages!

Now He Belongs to the Now He Belongs to the Ages!Ages!

The ExecutionThe ExecutionThe ExecutionThe Execution

ANDREW JOHNSON-ANDREW JOHNSON-President after Lincoln’s President after Lincoln’s

AssassinationAssassination