warm-up 10/31/11 teach the teacher: tell me everything you know about dna. review: name as many...
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WARM-UP 10/31/11
• Teach the Teacher: Tell me everything you know about DNA.
• Review: Name as many female and male reproductive parts as you can.
• Learning Target: What makes up DNA? What does DNA do at the cellular level?
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C RAC K I N G T H E C O D E O F L I F E
DNA
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DNA 101
• DNA stands for deoxyribose nucleic acid• What is a nucleic acid (one of four..)___________
• 5 cm long nucleic acid molecule that contains hereditary material—tells cell its function and structure
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FUNCTIONS
• DNA controls all the chemical changes which take place in cells• The kind of cell
which is formed, (muscle, blood, nerve etc
• The kind of organism which is produced (buttercup, giraffe, herring, human etc)
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FUNCTIONS
• DNA does it’s dirty work by making proteins…
• PROTEINS ARE LIKE TEXT MESSAGES AND BRICKS..
• communicate and build things
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MADE OF
large molecule made up of a long chain of sub-units
• The sub-units are called nucleotides• Each nucleotide is made up of a sugar called deoxyribose
• a phosphate group -PO4
• and an organic base
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RIBOSE AND DEOXYRIBOSE
• Ribose is a sugar, like glucose, but with only five carbon atoms in its molecule
• Deoxyribose is almost the same but lacks one oxygen atom
• Both molecules may be represented by the symbol
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The most common organic bases are
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine(G)
THE BASES 5
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The deoxyribose, the phosphate
and one of the bases
adenine
deoxyribose
PO4
Combine to form a nucleotide
NUCLEOTIDES 6
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The bases always pair up in the same way
Adenine forms a bond with Thymine
and Cytosine bonds with Guanine
BONDING 1 10
Adenine Thymine
Cytosine Guanine
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GENETIC CODE 1
• The sequence of bases in DNA forms the
• Genetic Code• The different amino acids and the order in which they are joined up determines the sort of protein being produced
• A group of three bases (a triplet) controls the production of a particular amino acid in the cytoplasm of the cell
19
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WARM-UP 11/3/11
• Teach the Teacher: What is one thing you want to learn before you die (speak another language, learn how to fix a car, etc.)?
• Review: Tell me as much as you can about DNA….
• Learning Targets: What is replication? How do genes code for traits?
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GALLERY WALK
• 1. What are characteristics of a good, eye-catching poster?
• 2. Give me 4 facts from subjects other then the ones you did….• 1.• 2. • 3. • 4.
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Ser-Cyst-Val-Gly-Ser-Cyst Ala Val Val-Cyst-Ser-Ala-Ser-Cyst-Gly
Val- Cyst-Ala-Ala-Ser-Gly
This is a small, imaginary protein molecule showing how a sequence of 5 different amino acids could determine the shape and identity of the molecule
Each amino acid (Serine, Cysteine, Valine, Glycine and Alanine) is coded for by a particular triplet of bases
GENETIC CODE 2 20
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This is known as the triplet code
Each triplet codes for a specific amino acid
CGA - CAA - CCA - CCA - GCT - GGG - GAG - CCA -
Ala Val Gly Gly Arg Pro Leu Gly
Ala Val Gly Gly Arg Pro Leu Gly
The amino acids are joined together in the correct sequence to make part of a protein
TRIPLET CODE 22
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ENZYMES
• So DNA exerts its control through the enzymes
• The DNA controls which enzymes are made and the enzymes determine what reactions take place
• The proteins build the cell structures
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GENES
• A sequence of triplets in the DNA molecule may code for a complete amino acid
• Such a sequence forms a gene
• There may be a thousand or more bases in one gene
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REPLICATION
• Before a cell divides, the DNA strands unwind
• and separate• Each strand makes a new partner by adding
the appropriate nucleotides• The result is that there are now two double-
stranded DNA molecules in the nucleus• So that when the cell divides, each nucleus
contains identical DNA• This process is called replication
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GENETIC CODE• Each amino acid is specified by a particular combination of 3 nucleotides, called codons
• Different species can use one codon over another for the same amino acid
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WARM-UP 11/7
• Teach the Teacher: If you had to babysit a 5 year old what would be the coolest thing to do?
• Review: What are the four nitrogen bases that make up DNA?
• Learning Target: What are the “leggo” pieces of DNA? What are current issues regarding DNA?
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FLASH CARD
• On the front:
• Nucleotide
• On the back:
• The “lego” of DNA: sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen bases
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FLASH CARD
• On the front:
• Nitrogen bases
• On the back:
• Adenine • Thymine • Cytosine • Guanine • Makes genetic code
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FLASH CARD
• On the front:
• Amino Acid
• On the back:
• Building block of proteins, coded by a triplet of nitrogen bases
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FLASH CARD
• On the front:
• Replication
• On the back:
• Process by which DNA is doubled before cell division
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WARM-UP 11/9/11
• Teach the Teacher: What is one of the most important things your grandparents, guardians, auntie, uncle, or other trusted adult has taught you?
• Review: List as many flash card words as you can think of about DNA (in fact you should look at the flashcards…I give you permission)
• Learning Targets: Learn the process for DNA analysis in crimes scenes. Investigate issues surrounding DNA determining blood quantum.
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HIGH COUNTRY NEWS ARTICLE
• 1.What are the positive and negatives of using blood quantum? Be balanced.
• 2. What do you think?
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WARM-UP 11/10/11
• Teach the Teacher: What would be (or is) the best thing about being a twin?
• Review: What is a way that our bodies must maintain homeostasis?
• Learning Targets: DNA characteristics and current issues. What is human cloning?
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TRASH BASKETBALL!!!
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DEOXYRIBOSE NUCLEIC ACID IS….
• DNA • Nucleotide
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THYMINE, CYTOSINE, ADENINE, AND GUANINE ARE….
• Amino acids • Nitrogen bases
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PROTEINS DO WHAT IN THE CELL?
• Send messages and build stuff like muscle and cells
• Make bones
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AMINO ACIDS
• Make up proteins • Make up nucleotide
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THREE NITROGEN BASES MAKE UP A
• Coden or triplet • Enzymes
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THE PROCESS BY WHICH DNA DOUBLES IN THE CELL
• Nucleotides • Replication
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A PHOSPHATE GROUP, NITROGEN BASE, AND A SUGAR MAKE UP WHAT?
• Enzyme • Nucleotide
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THIS IS THE LEGO OF DNA
• Nucleotide • Enzyme
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THIS IS A MACROMOLECULE
• Nucleic acid • Coden
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CYTOSINE WILL BOND WITH
• Thymine • Guanine
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THYMINE WILL BOND WITH
• adenine • cytosine
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GAU AUU CUU CUG CCC ACA
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