Warm-UpWarm-Up:: Levels of an Ecosystem Levels of an Ecosystem

Label each descriptions as a population, community, or ecosystem.

1. Owls, mice, and grass all live in one area.

2. Owls, mice and grass all live in an area near a pond that receives lots of sunlight.

3. Eight owls all live in one area.

Animal Relationships Animal Relationships & Adaptations& Adaptations

Niche =Niche =

Niche = organism’s role in an Niche = organism’s role in an ecosystem ecosystem

Relationships in an EcosystemRelationships in an Ecosystem

• 3 types of relationships:

predation

competition

symbiosis

Predation Predation ==

Predation Predation = = one organism is a one organism is a food source for another organismfood source for another organism

Predator = hunter

Prey = food

Competition =Competition =

Competition = struggle between Competition = struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resourceswith limited resources

CompetitionCompetition

limited resources = “Limiting Factors”

Examples?

Competition Competition

largest population an environment can

support =

Carrying Capacity

Symbiosis =Symbiosis =

Symbiosis Symbiosis = relationship between = relationship between 2 organisms that benefits at least 2 organisms that benefits at least 1 of the organisms1 of the organisms

• 3 types of symbiosis:

mutualism

commensalism

parasitism

Mutualism = both organisms Mutualism = both organisms benefit benefit

Commensalism = 1 organism Commensalism = 1 organism benefits, other is not harmedbenefits, other is not harmed

Parasitism = 1 organism benefits, Parasitism = 1 organism benefits, other is harmedother is harmed

Animal AdaptationsAnimal Adaptations

• 2 types:

–Structural

–Behavioral

Structural Adaptation = inherited Structural Adaptation = inherited physical characteristicphysical characteristic

• Adaptation that an animal “HAS”

Structural AdaptationStructural Adaptation

• Escaping predators

Examples?

Structural AdaptationStructural Adaptation

• Obtaining food

Examples?

Structural AdaptationStructural Adaptation

• Reproducing

Examples?

Behavioral Adaptation = Behavioral Adaptation = inherited behaviorinherited behavior

• Adaptation that an animal “DOES”

Behavioral AdaptationBehavioral Adaptation

• Camouflage = blending in with environment

Examples?

Behavioral AdaptationBehavioral Adaptation

• Mimicry = acting

like a different

organism

Examples?

Behavioral AdaptationBehavioral Adaptation

• Courtship = males & females of a species prepare for mating

Examples?

Behavioral AdaptationBehavioral Adaptation

• Hibernation = greatly reduced body activity during winter

Examples?

Behavioral AdaptationBehavioral Adaptation

• Migration = periodic journey of an animal from one place & back again

Examples?

Instinct vs. LearningInstinct vs. Learning

• Instinct =

Instinct vs. LearningInstinct vs. Learning

• Instinct = behavior an animal can perform without being taught

Instinct vs. LearningInstinct vs. Learning

• Learning =

Instinct vs. LearningInstinct vs. Learning

• Learning = animal requires practice & experience to perform the behavior

• 4 types:conditioningtrial-and-errorinsight

imprinting

Conditioning = connecting a Conditioning = connecting a stimulus to a good or bad eventstimulus to a good or bad event

Trial-and-error = performing a Trial-and-error = performing a behavior more skillfully with behavior more skillfully with repeated practicerepeated practice

Insight = applying knowledge to Insight = applying knowledge to solve a new problemsolve a new problem

Imprinting = some newborn Imprinting = some newborn animals follow the first moving animals follow the first moving object they seeobject they see