Warm-Ups 02/18

• These need to go in UNIT III Warm-Ups Section

• What Supreme Court decision stated “separate but, equal?”

• What Supreme Court decision decided that all schools should be integrated?

Warm-Ups 03/01

• Name the largest minority group in the United States.

• What group is the fastest growing minority group in the US?

21.1 – Diversity & Discrimination in American Society

Heterogeneous Society• A.K.A. Mixed, Melting Pot, etc. • Historically, the U.S. has been

predominately Caucasian (1790, 1st Census – 4 out of 5 people were Caucasian)

• Immigration has changed the composition of the U.S. population throughout history

Race-Based Discrimination

•White Americans, historically, have been reluctant to give equal rights to African Americans, Native Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Women

African Americans: Why such a focus?

• 2nd Largest minority group• Victims of consistent and

deliberate unjust treatment for a longer time than most

• Most gains in guaranteeing equality have come from effects made by African Americans

Native Americans• Historically, Native Americans

have been pushed from there ancestral lands to the Great Plains

• Forced on to reservations• Poverty, joblessness, and

alcoholism are just a few consequences of the overwhelming discrimination

Hispanic Americans (Spanish Speaking)

• Largest and 2nd fastest growing minority

• Divisions: (1) Mexican Americans, (2) Puerto Ricans, (3) Cuban Americans, and (4) Central & South Americans

Asian Americans• Assimilation: process by which people

merge into and become part of another culture

• 1850’s: 1st arrived as miners• Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)• Japanese Internment Camps (World

War II)• Today, fastest growing population

Women• Majority group• Historically, women have not enjoyed the

same rights as men (property rights, education, employment, suffrage, etc.)

• Women’s Suffrage – 19th Amendment• Equal Pay Act of 1963• Civil Rights Act of 1964• Still, today, women earn less than men

– Why?• Discrimination, history, motherhood, etc.• On average, a woman earn 80¢ for every $1 a man

earns• Historically, only low-paying jobs were available to

women

21.2 – Equality Before the Law

Equal Protection Clause• 14th Amendment: “No state shall…

deny…equal protection of the laws.”• Reasonable Classification

– Government CAN discriminate reasonably• Example: taking away rights/privileges of

prisoners

– Government CAN NOT discriminate unreasonably• Example: every state taxes cigarettes, they

can’t only tax male smokers

Segregation in American• Separation of one group from another

– Example: Jim Crow Laws were enforced to segregate African Americans from whites

• Separate-but-Equal Doctrine– Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896: decided that equal

facilities will be provided for both blacks and whites – justified segregation by race

– Brown v. Board of Education, 1954: reversed the Plessy v. Ferguson decision; called for desegregation (integration)

– De Jure, De Facto Segregation• De Jure Segregation: Segregation by law• De Facto Segregation: Segregation, even if no law

requires it