wartsila wind seminar wind als stuwende kracht leo de vries 8jun12 mask2

Wind as driving force(Wind als stuwende kracht)

Wärtsilä seminar: “Wind door de keten”

Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"1 © Wärtsilä

Ship Power TechnologyShip Performance Management ProgrammeLeo de Vries

8 June 2012

Content

• Challenge today – marine fuels

• Incorporating wind as driving force

• Exploring scenario’s

• First findings

8 June 2012 Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"2 © Wärtsilä

Challenge today - Environmental drivers

• Environment– Emission reduction

• NOX emissions

• SOX emissions

– SECA areas

– EU ports

– The next step will be climate change• Greenhouse gases

– Focus on CO2 emissions

• Particles

• Fuel cost

– Increasing oil prices

8 June 20123 © Wärtsilä Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"

Challenge today - Marine fuels


Energy in fuel

100%

45.3%

Brake power

46.5%

Heat and losses

53.5% 42.7%

Transmission losses

1.2%

Utilised exhaust heat recovery

2.8%

Utilised HT water heat recovery

1.9%

Surplus recoverable exhaust heat

8.0%

Surplus recoverable HT water heat

12.0%

Utilised energy (32.5%)

Losses

28.8%

Electric power

4.2%

Effective power

23.6%Additional

resistance from waves, wind

and hull fouling

3.5%

Propulsion losses

14.0%

Lo

sses

an

du

nu

sed

en

erg

y

Ferry at 22 knotsEstimates



SAIL

COAL

DIESEL

HFO

LNG

Methanol

DME

SAIL

Today

We will see a more diverse fuel palette in the future

Bio diesel

Dimethyl ether


• Different wind propulsion concepts are under development in the market

• There is a need for understanding their merits and how to integrate them in the power management

• Being a total system provider, this understanding is acquired


http://wordlesstech.com/2011/06/14/seaplane-convertible-trimaran-sailing-yacht/


• Wind propulsion

• Modern Wind propulsion systems become visible

• Conceptual ship designs on the drawing boards

– Will they fly for commercial shipping?



“Wind as driving force”


Which way is this boat going to travel?


Put it to the test

• Purdue University, Indiana USA wanted to know the “real” answer

– The cart moves to the right, as expected

– With a large “sail” (rectangular card) the system does not move

– If the fan is put detached the cart accelerates away from the fan


Conclusion:The overall change in the momentum determines the direction

https://www.physics.purdue.edu/demos/display_page.php?item=1H-02


Today


GEAR

15.2 MW

9L50DF8.55 MW

15.2 MW

9L50DF8.55 MW

Wind alternative

GEAR 15.2 MW

9L50DF8.55 MW



Incorporating wind as driving force requires further understanding of integration & application onboard

Incorporating wind as driving force

• Wind propulsion in 1843

• S.S. Great Britain:


The s.s. Great Britain in 1843 (Painting by Keith A. Griffin)http://www.red-duster.co.uk/GREAT3.htm

•Three-bladed propeller fitted with a clutch to allow it to freely rotate when the ship was under sail (Upgrade after grounding)

•The length of the voyage to Australia meant that the ship had to depend a lot on sail to conserve fuel.•New rig proved to be unsatisfactory and there was still excessive drag of the propeller.•The sails were put back as auxiliary



17-18e eeuw routes naar de Oost:Hendrik Brouwer verkende in 1613 een route die vanaf de Kaap iets zuidwaarts aanhield om dan langs de 38e breedtegraad in oostelijke richting tot vlak voor de kust van West-Australië te varen. Pas daar ging men noordwaarts. Hierdoor kon men profiteren van de westenwinden die op deze route heersen. Daardoor werd de reistijd ingekort van één jaar tot vijf of zes maanden.

http://www.vocsite.nl/geschiedenis/navigatie.html

http://www.bataviawerf.nl/de-voc-route-naar-azie.html

http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vereenigde_Oostindische_Compagnie


Commercial wind-shipping today:

Carbon-Neutral Chocolate Bars!• March 24th 2012: 24 000 chocolate bars arrived in Portsmouth

• By Sailing on the 105 foot wooden brigantine Tres Hombres from Fairtransport Holland


http://blog.rococochocolates.com/category/fair-transport-2/

Gru Grococo barRococo Chocolates and the Grenada Chocolate Company

$21/100 gram retail priceBeing the most expensive bar

Crew: “It was fantastic, a real adventure.”

http://www.fairtransport.eu/

“Ships from wood and man of steel“The required crew type:•New look and.. •Sailing skills!

Fairtransport BV, Den Helder - Netherlands


• Ships and shipping operations today are accurately tailored

• Incorporating wind implies disturbances on various aspects


Shipping aspect today

Conventional drive trains Aux wind Main wind

Availability++

high+

acceptable+/-low

Time of arrival++

predictable, fast+

negotiable--

variable

Costs++

optimized and predictable

+/-increase

-uncertain

Power supply management

++automated

+/-to be developed

N/Afluctuating

Crew speed demand++

single lever+/-

negotiableN/A

not always met

Routing & naviating++

well established+/-

negotiable

--alternatives to be

accepted



Speed, propulsion

Manoeuvrability

General Arrangement

Capacities

Stability

Structure

Equipment

Energy

Machinery

Weights

Cost

Mission performance

Main dimensions

Shape

Wind power 2

Applying wind by 7 main steps in the design process


• Flettner rotor case

Lift and drag model of a flettner rotor

ship & operational performances

CAPEXOPEX (incl. Availability)

n

!Vw

FFL

DFL

FFL=f(!,Vw,n)

Diameter,Height

WeightStructural support

Power demand!,Vw,n

Steel price/kgOil price/tonRoute scenarios

Euros, risks, availability, flexibility

Rotor positionShip speedWind speedRoll

Propeller propulsionPower supply

Total mass Displacement Resistance

Fuel consumption

Little excercise


• Sail performance




Different conditions, different sailsReaching sails are r0, r1, r3, r5 and r7. Running sails are designated as r2, r4 and r6.

http://www.minisail.nl/user/pop.php?boot_id=NTQ4

http://hydroptere.com60kn record

http://www.blur.se/2007/04/19/asymmetric/

Exploring scenario’s – General Cargo ship

Application case: general cargo ship

Comparison six different auxiliary wind propulsion systems:

– Cat sail rig

– Square sail

– Wing sail

– Multi-wing sail

– Flettner rotor

– Turbosail

Scope of work till now:

• Sail performances derived from literature

• Ship stability has been taken into account


ADEPT Project, Curtsey Student Jan Jaap van TuijlPartner contributions: TU Delft, MARIN, TNO


• Ship average sailing speed and fuel consumption

• Of the different sailing rigs in the different sailing modes

• Total sailed distance 75969 [nm]

• Power train performances & control to be further detailed



• Mass and ship stability:



• Costs of rig and per ton/mile



• Weather route profile from GES-Gulliver journey has been used to quantify first impact of sails on ADEPT-Gen.cargo design case

• 1 route has been substracted from 11 000 hours of sailing over 40 routes under real weather conditions



• Maximum sale areas have been determined on the bases of stability under all loading conditions

• Operational conditions:

– Ballast slow

– Loaded slow

– Ballast cruise

– Loaded cruise

• Weather conditions based onSPOS database



• The highest reduction in term of cost and fuel consumption is achieved in the slowest operation mode, minimize cost per ton mile.

– Fuel savings: 357 - 451 [ton]

– Cost reduction: $145,899 - $180,474

Three Flettner rotors has the largest fuel consumption reduction, 451 [ton]

• In constant speed mode the time and speed differences are negligible after 75969 nautical miles

– Fuel savings: 112-192 [ton]

– Cost reduction: $96,362- $128,880

The highest fuel and cost reduction are achieved with the square rig: 192 [ton]


Exploring scenario’s – Tanker

Slowing down speed:

– Challenging new concepts and solutions

– Extreme de-rating Wärtsilä 7RT-Flex50D

– Full scale trials slow-steaming + de-rating (Wintertur involved) + PEM

– Full integration of performances in the design process (3 iterations)

– Targeting the best ship for the future

• Retrofit

• 2020 new-built

• 2050 scenarioCosts

Crew

Fuel

SpeedVmi

nTechnological and

safety limitation

Optimum

Fuel + Crew

Significant personnel

costs

Significant fuel costs

8 June 201227 © Wärtsilä Wind als stuw ende kracht - Wärtsilä Seminar: "Wind door de keten, Rotterdam"

EU Project ULYSSES: http://www.ultraslowships.comPartner contributions: SSPA, Chalmers University, Crain Technology, TNO, TORM Tankers


• Wind Propulsors:

– Kite

– Rigid sail

– Flettner rotor

Integrating:

– Weather routing optimization for wind assistance

– Full scale tests & quantification of flettner rotors

– Interacting with:

• Propulsion train (CPP and engine)

• sea keeping

• manoeuvring


Wind negotiating routing algorithm


Case: handymax tanker Torm Lilly

• Utilising 4 flettner rotors


Ship Power, accounting for 10% engine load contribution

First draft results


• Power reduction with kite application


First draft results



First findings

• Findings:

– Kite gives very high wind thrust already at relatively low wind speeds, useful in beam and following winds.

– Rotors give very good wind thrust in high wind speeds and gives a fuel reduction already from wind directions about 40 degrees.

– Suction sails is somewhat less effective than rotors.

– None of the wind propulsors show any significant influence on the ship behaviour in general, except that rotors and suction sails demands high rudder angles for some conditions. This is especially noted if the propeller is stopped.


First findings

• 100% sail propulsion is questionable for commercial shipping

• Sail Auxiliary has potential

• There is significant potential contribution to power savings from sails calculated based on realistic crossing and weather conditions.

• Off design conditions need to be further investigated in view of propulsor interactionsIn particular when:

– Sail contributions are significant

– And/or conventional propulsor contributions are small


Some other alternatives


Source: Leo de Vries

Drehwurm, WC Eutin 2001Zagreb team, IWR Zagreb 1999 Tabasco from Bremen team, IWR Zagreb 1999

www.waterbike.eu former www.waterbiking.org

Thank you

wartsila wind seminar wind als stuwende kracht leo de vries 8jun12 mask2

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