waste analyses and characterization study (wacs for wte project) greenergy solutions
DESCRIPTION
The presentation would provide for technical knowhow on the conduct of Waste Analysis Characterization study preparatory to the development of Waste-to-energy projectsTRANSCRIPT
WASTE ANALYSES AND
CHARACTERIZATION STUDY
(WACS) FOR THE DEVELOPMENT
OF MATERIAL RESOURCE AND
ENERGY/ BIOMASS/ WASTE-TO-
ENERGY FACILITIES USING
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES
RUTH P.BRIONES
Greenery Solutions Inc. www.greenergyph.comn
Philippine Waste-to-Energy Project
This presentation is prepared mainly for the purposeof development of Material Resource and EnergyFacility (MREF) and Waste-to-energy (WTE) facilityusing Municipal Solid Waste as feedstock. The resultof the WACS will be the basis for the conduct of thePreliminary Engineering Design Study (PEDS) todetermine the capacity of a proposed MREF or WTEfacility.
The accuracy of the WACS is very important in thedesign of the proposed facility.
Waste Analysis and Characterization Study
www.greenergyph.com
Waste Analysis and Characterization Study
Data quality objectives.
Determination of a representative sample.
Statistical methods to be employed in the analyses.
Waste generation and handling processes.
Constituents/parameters to be sampled.
Physical and chemical properties of the waste.
Accessibility of the unit.
Sampling equipment, methods, and sample containers.
Quality assurance and quality control (e.g., sample preservation and handling requirements).
Chain-of-custody.
Health and safety of employees.
www.greenergyph.com
Why do WACS?
Waste characterization is comprisedof a waste stream compositionprofile by material types (i.e. paper,plastic, etc.) and corresponding solidwaste weight estimates that can beused to evaluate the current solidwaste management system andassist in determining future programwaste diversion and conversionprocess.
It is necessary to recharacterizewaste in order to accurately makewaste management decisions andevaluate environmental risk.
www.greenergyph.com
The WACS for the Waste-to-Energy Facility Project,
why it is necessary.
Knowing the physical and chemical properties of a waste using sampling and analysis techniques is the cornerstone upon which subsequent steps in the waste management are planned.
It is necessary for gauging what is the design capacity and a waste might pose to surface water, ground water, and air and drives waste management unit design and operating decisions.
Knowing the composition of the waste is also necessary when determining the constituents for which to test. Knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of the waste is crucial in identifying pollution prevention opportunities.
www.greenergyph.com
The Waste
Stream
Households
Markets
Establishments (schools, hospitals, offices)
Business institutions
Agricultural areas (farms)
Industries, processing plants
Sources
of wastes
Covers the entire waste stream – from
source to final disposal and/or
conversion facility.
Final
disposal
Sanitary
landfill or
dumpsite
Biomass/waste-
to-energy facility
www.greenergyph.com
Waste Source Categories
• Residentials in urban centers
• Residentials in rural areasHouseholds
• Main public market
• Medium public market
• small/SatellitePublic Market
•Major Food Establishment (fastfood Outlets, restaurants)
•Other food establishment (carinderias/eateries, food stalls, bakeries)
Food Establishment
• Major general stores (groceries,malls,department stores
• Other general stores (sari-sari stored
General Stores
• Major industries
• Other industriesIndustries
•Municipal Hall, other government offices
•Private offices, banks
•Church
•Schools, colleges/universities
Institutions
• Hotel/Inns
• Other service centers
Service centers
• Resorts/Hotels
• Small Resorts/Hotels
• Parks
• Gyms/Sports Centers
Recreation Centers
• Hospitals
• Clinics/Health Centers/Pharmacies/ Drug Stores
Health Related Sources
• Big plantation farms
• Animal farmsAgricultural
Farms
• Urban centers
• Rural centersSlaughterhouse
• Rice mills
• Corn mills
• Sugar mills
• Gold mines, coal mines, etc
Mill Industries and Mining
areas
Residual from MRFswww.greenergyph.com
Waste Characterization Activity
www.greenergyph.com
Methodology
Total LGU Municipal Solid Waste
Landfilled/
dumped WasteDaily Fresh
Waste
Characterize daily fresh waste
Characterize total waste
Characterize landfilled/dumped
waste
Barangay
1
Barangay
2
Barangay
3
www.greenergyph.com
Database required
Data are organized
for systematic and
easy access and
processing;
Excel template are
preferred as
database
www.greenergyph.com
Data Recording
Data encoding: datagathered in actualWACS are enteredinto database forprocessing
Data consolidation/summarizing:Computing for unitwaste generation –by waste source, bycomposition – incollection area andwhole LGU
Data analysis: Whatdo WACS data meanin relation to wastediversion, SWMFacilities and SWMstrategies
www.greenergyph.com
Sampling and Analysis Plan
The sampling plan is usually a written document thatdescribes the objectives and details of the individual tasksof a sampling effort and how they will be performed.
Background information on the processes that generate thewaste and the type and characteristics of the wastemanagement unit is essential for developing a soundsampling plan. Knowledge of the unit location andsituation (e.g., geology, exposure of the waste to theelements, local climatic conditions) will assist in determiningcorrect sample size and sampling method.
Sampling plan design will depend on whether the samplingof waste prior to disposal in a waste management unit orwhether the sampling of waste is from an existing unit.
When obtaining samples from an existing unit, care should betaken to avoid endangering the individuals collectingthe samples and to prevent damaging the unit
www.greenergyph.com
Sampling Plan requirement
Location of the
sampling area
Total area of the
sampling size
Total population
of the sampling
size
LGU officials involve
www.greenergyph.com
Methodology
Divide the areas intosectors /barangayswith similar wastecomposition (theseare referred to as‘Waste Sources’. Thenumber of sourceswill depend on thearea and populationof the localgovernment unit.
• For example, waste arising from a small barangay may be split into two waste areas: residential and farms;
• Each of these ‘waste sources’ has a different waste composition –office (mostly food waste and farm waste), mostly organic waste;
• For example, waste arising from residential areas will be similar in composition.
• Residentials are then chosen as a ‘waste source’ within towns and cities from which a specific character of waste arises.
www.greenergyph.com
The Sampling Process
Select a central ‘wastecollection area’ where allwaste generation can becollected, sorted weighedand characterized for theduration of the wasteanalysis study.
This area should becovered, if possible toprovide shelter fromadverse weather conditions.
Ideally it should also beclose to the current wastemanagement facilities tominimize disruption to thedaily running of the site.
Identify all waste sources
within the local area
Households
Public market
General Stores
Industries
Institutions
Service centers
Recreation centers
Slaughterhouse
Health –related centers
www.greenergyph.com
Characterization of daily fresh
waste collected from barangays
Bring mixed waste to the area assigned for
characterization, LGU shall identify an area for the waste characterization
if it collected thru trucks, unload the content of truck into the assigned
area and characterize the whole load of truck.
www.greenergyph.com
Gather the necessary equipment to aid in thewaste sampling process.
Clear waste bags/boxes should be available at each ‘waste source’to allow wastes to be collected. Pens and labels should also bedistributed to each ‘waste source’.
The ‘waste characterization area’ should contain a weighing scale(with a range from 0 to 20kg, with accuracy to 0.1kgs)), severalcontainers for holding and sorting the waste, shovels, a brush, afirst aid kit, clipboard, labels, pens and worksheets. Severalcopies of the ‘Waste Collection Area Worksheets’ should be onhand for each day of the survey.
Health and safety issues should also be considered. All members ofthe waste analysis team should wear protective clothing (such asrubber gloves, heavy duty shoes, safety glasses and coveralls)and precautions should be taken to ensure that the waste doesnot come into contact with food or drink.
Sampling Process
www.greenergyph.com
Once these tasks have been addressed, the wastecharacterization analysis survey may begin. At each‘waste source’, two categories of waste will begenerated:
(a) Segregated waste streams – These waste streamswill be homogenous and consist of material of a singletype, for example cardboard, paper, plastic, food wasteetc.
(b) Mixed waste streams – These waste streams will beheterogeneous in nature and consist of mixed waste ofvarious types. The characterization of this waste streamis more difficult.
Conducting the Survey
www.greenergyph.com
SELECT SAMPLE FOR WASTE
CHARACTERIZATION
I. IDENTIFY
THE WASTE
COLLECTION
AREA
STEP
ONE
Towns/cities
Barangays
Landfills/dumpsites
Secure Materials and Equipment: a.Procure/secure the following: plasticpails (10,15,liter capacity) rake,garden forks, trowel,plastic plasticliners, garbage bags, weighingscales (10-100 kg capacity)
b. Calibrate the volume of
plastic pails; weigh and record
empty weigh of each pail.
Procure rubber globes and nose
masks for those who will do the
sampling; Provide first –aid kits
for emergencies and injuries.www.greenergyph.com
Methodology
DETERMINE THE
COLLECTION
ROUTES/TRIPS
AND CLUSTER THE
COLLECTION
ROUTE/TRIP;
LGU waste characterization
area
Barangay 1
barangay2
Barangay 3
Barangay 4
The site for the waste
characterization activity
should not be enclosed by
walls on all sides,
preferably roofed ( or a tent
can be set up) and can be
accessible to collection
vehicle.
The barangays,
residential and
establishments
should be
informed about
the activity.
The layout of
waste
characterization
The layout of
the area should
be based on
the number of
barangays in
every LGU
www.greenergyph.com
Methodology
Every Barangay
must create a team
that will conduct
the WACS or
create Barangay
WACS Team
Train all members ofthe WACS team onhow to segregatewaste and the wholeWACS process. A dryrun is encourage.
Weighers must befamiliar with theuse of weighingscale
Prepare WACSdata form andorient assignedrecorders on theiruse.
The WACS Team
Identify who will
perform the following
tasks:
Team leader
Recorder
Weighers/scalers
Sorters
In-charge of logistic
support
Waste collectors
www.greenergyph.com
Methodology
As the labelled mixed waste arrives at the ‘waste characterization area’ all waste bags/boxes should be weighed and the details recorded in the ‘Waste Characterization Worksheet.
Weigh the empty containers/plastics bags that the sorted waste will be placed into.
Record these weights on each container/plastic bag.
www.greenergyph.com
MethodologyOnly representative samples of mixed wastemust be sorted and weighed.
• During the survey period randomly take samplesof mixed waste (>10kg) from each of the ‘wastesources’.
• The number of samples, which are sorted andcharacterized from each ‘waste source’, shouldbe representative of the total volume of wasteproduced from each ‘waste source’.
• For example, if ten bags of mixed waste arisefrom the offices of an organisation per day andonly two bags of mixed waste are producedfrom the canteen then the sampling regimeshould reflect this ratio.
• The greater the number of mixed waste sampleswhich are characterized, the more accurate theresults will be. Attempt to characterize as manysamples as time allows.
www.greenergyph.com
Methodology
The waste characterization process is described for:
1.Waste generated in Barangays
2. Waste generated in Public market
3. Waste generated from dumpsites/landfills
4. Residuals
I. The over-all leader in the Municipal WACS team shall
distribute plastic bags to sample barangay waste one
day before the WACS;
II. The plastic bags must be properly labelled with
the following:
Name of Barangay where samples are collected;
The total volume of samples ;
Waste source categories : residential, mixed,
agricultural;
Date of sampling
III. Collect the bags from
every barangay at an
agreed time of the collection.
IV. Deliver to sorting area;
the proper location as
assigned for sorting area.
www.greenergyph.com
MethodologyOnly representative samples of mixed waste must be sorted and weighed.
During the surveyperiod randomly takesamples of mixedwaste (>10kg) fromeach of the ‘wastesources’.
The number of samples, which are sorted and characterized from
each ‘waste source’, should be representative of the total volume
of waste produced from each ‘waste source’. For example, if ten bags of mixed waste arise from
the offices of an organisation per day and only two bags of mixed
waste are produced from the canteen then the sampling regime
should reflect this ratio.
The greater the number of mixed waste samples which are characterized,
the more accurate the results will be. Attempt to characterize as many samples as time allows.
www.greenergyph.com
Methodology
Actual
Characterization
of waste
Weigh the waste samples from
each source;
Record the total weight and
volume on field data entry
Waste samples must be a one-day
waste generation
Open the bags. Segregate the
waste on sorting mats into the
following:
Biodegrable waste
Non-biodegrable /Residual waste
Special waste
www.greenergyph.com
Step
Two
What are Biodegrable wastes:
These are materials readily compostable
Agricultural Waste
Manures
Plant stalks
Rice hulls and straws
Corn stovers
Coconut husks
Sugar cane trash and
bagasse
Yard waste
Wet paper and
cartoons
Food waste
Yard trimmings
(leaves, twigs)
Vegetable and fruits
Agricultural waste
Yard waste
Wet paper and cartons
www.greenergyph.com
Non-biodegrable Materials, special wastes
Metals, steel, copper,
aluminum, iron, brass;
Bottles, vials, and broken
glass (including cullets and
bubug)
Plastics, PETS, PES thick PVCs
Rubber, used tires gloves, boots and mats and sheets,
Textile trimmings
Ashes and soots
Styrofoam
Tattered textile
Paper and other packaging materials
Laminates and composite materials
Disposable diapers
Broken ceramics
Glazed materials
Household toxic and hazardous waste
Spent fluorescent tubes and bulbs
Spent dry and wet cell batteries
Expired drugs and chemicals;
asbestos materials
Bulky waste, used furnitures, worn out appliances, consumer electronics
www.greenergyph.com
Moisture content determination
After the sorting and weighing the
individual waste stream, secure the
samples in an area for the next ten (10)
for another weighing process to
determine the moisture content.
Moisture content formula:MC= weight (fresh waste)
weight (after drying for 10 days) x 100
www.greenergyph.com
Waste Characterization FormName of LGU as waste source
Barangay
Date of Sampling/characterization
Total volume of waste samples
Waste stream Initial weight
after sorting
(fresh)
Percentage
Volume of the
samples
Weight after
ten (10) days
Moisture
content
Food waste
plastics
glass
metals
paper
Agricultural
/plant waste
Animal waste
Prepared by: www.greenergyph.com
RUTH P.BRIONES
Chairman/CEO
Greenergy Solutions Inc.
For more information, please contact
Rm. 401/411,Verde Oro Bldg. Commonwealth
Ave. Diliman, Quezon City. Phone Nos:+632
456 2293/ +6324979452 /+63915 300 7363
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.greenergyph.comwww.greenergyph.com