wastewater reuse tech evolution costs

7/31/2019 Wastewater Reuse Tech Evolution Costs

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Wastewater recycle and reuse:

The need of the hour Workshop

Date: 18 April 2012,

Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India

Uday G. Kelkar, Ph.D., P.E., BCEE

NJS Consultants Co. Ltd., Japan

Wastewater Recycle and Reuse

Technology Evolution and Costs


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Recycle and ReuseRecycle and Reuse

-- Balancing ActBalancing Act

Irrigation

Secondary

Treatment

Restricted

Urban Reuse

TertiaryFiltration

Industrial Non-Potable Reuse

Indirect

Potable Reuse

Direct

Potable or

High QualityProcess

Tertiary

membrane

Filtration

N&P Control

RO &

Disinfection


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Treatment AlternativesTreatment Alternatives

Agricultural Reuse

lowest water quality, lowest cost

Conventional Secondary Treatment- No N & P

Control

highest water loss, drainage water has low

quality

Unrestricted Urban ReuseTertiary Filtration required

Conventional

Membranes Ultra or Micro filtration

Disincection


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Unit Operations inUnit Operations in

Wastewater TreatmentWastewater TreatmentBiological

Aerobic

Process

Anaerobic

Process

Suspended

Growth

Attached

Growth

Activated

Sludge(ASP)

CSTR, Plug flow, Sequencing Batch reactor,

oxidation ditch, Orbal, Biolac, Cyclic ASP,Extended Aeration, aerobic/aerated lagoons

Trickling Filter and Trickling

filter with solids contact

system

SubmergedAttached

Growth

Rotating Biological

Contactors (RBC)

ASP with fixed film packing

Down flow attached growth process, upflow

submerged attached growth, fluidized bed

bioreactor, membrane separation aerobic process

Suspended

Growth

Attached

Growth

Anaerobic contact process, anaerobic sludge

blanket process-UASB, anaerobic baffled

reactor system,

Up-flow packed bed attached growth, and

expended bed reactors, anaerobic fluidized

bed reactors, anaerobic lagoons, membrane

separation anaerobic process

Combination of aerobic and anaerobic process are used in tertiary treatment for

the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from the wastewater


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NJS Consultants Co. Ltd


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NJS Consultants Co. Ltd

Surface Water DischargeSurface Water Discharge


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Treatment AlternativesTreatment Alternatives

Industrial ReuseTertiary Filtration and point-of-use treatment

for higher water quality

Nitrogen and Phosphorus control required

like RO or EDR

Disinfection

Indirect Potable Reuse

Filtration, MF/UF with RO

Disinfection

Need nitrogen and phosphorus removal

Groundwater Recharge

Need nitrogen removal


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Technology selection criteriaTechnology selection criteria

Reliable (proven and established)Reliable (proven and established)

Recycled water quality and its consistencyRecycled water quality and its consistency

Wastewater generation from treatmentWastewater generation from treatment

processprocessOperator requirement / automationOperator requirement / automation

Space requirement (may not be important forSpace requirement (may not be important forindustrial areas due to appropriate allocationindustrial areas due to appropriate allocation

of land)of land)Capital cost, O&M cost (Lifecycle cost)Capital cost, O&M cost (Lifecycle cost)


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ProcessSelectionMatrix

D i M b P SiD i M b P Si


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Decreasing Membrane Pore SizeSelectively Retains DifferentSubstances

Decreasing Membrane Pore SizeSelectively Retains DifferentSubstances

D

ecreasing

PoreSize

Pure WaterPure Water

Reverse Osmosis Membrane

Nanofiltration Membrane

Ultrafiltration Membrane

Microfiltration Membrane

Suspended solids Proteins Salts Bactena SugarSuspended solids Proteins Salts Bactena Sugar

WaterWater


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Tertiary filtration systemsTertiary filtration systems

Raw

Wastewater

SecondaryEffluentActivatedSludge

WAS

Filters

Sand filters Membrane filters

Filtration size 40 microns 0.2 microns

Outlet solids 5 10 mg/L < 2 mg/L

Status in India Established Being considered

Alum dosage High Medium

STP outlet TP directly proportional to solids as

biological and chemical processes convert soluble P intoparticulate P.


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Recycle and Reuse

- Balancing Act

Irrigation

Secondary

Treatment

Restricted

Urban Reuse

TertiaryFiltration

Industrial Non-Potable Reuse

Indirect

Potable Reuse

Direct

Potable or

High QualityProcess

Tertiary

membrane

Filtration

N&P Control

RO &

Disinfection


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Dr Vinod Tare,

IIT Kanpur

April 24, 2010;IHC, New Delhi

Workshop onSewage Treatment and Sludge Management

Assessment of Technology for Sewage Treatment

Criteria 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Performance in terms of quality of treated sewage

TSS, BOD, and COD

Total / Faecal Coliform Removal

DO in Effluent

Initial/Immediate Oxygen Demand

Nutrient Removal

Performance ReliabilityImpact of Effluent Discharge

Impact on Land

Impact on Surface Waters

Impact on Ground Waters

1: Tech 1 ; 2: Tech 1 ; 3: Tech 1 ; 4: Tech 1 ; 5: Tech 1 ; 6: Tech 1 ; 7: Tech 1 ; 8: Tech 1 ; 9: Tech 1 ; 10: Tech 1 ; 11:

Tech 1 ; 12: Tech 1 ; 13: Tech 1 ; 14: Tech 1 ; 15: Tech 1 ; 16: Tech 1 ; 17: Tech 1 ; 18: Tech 1 ; 19: Tech 1.


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Dr Vinod Tare,

IIT Kanpur

April 24, 2010;IHC, New Delhi

Workshop onSewage Treatment and Sludge Management

Assessment of Technology for Sewage Treatment

Criteria 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Resource Generation

Manure / Soil Conditioner

Fuel

Electricity Generation

Food

Impact of STP

Impacts on Health of STP

Staff/Locals

Impacts on Surrounding

Building/Properties

Energy Requirement

Land Requirement

Capital Cost

Recurring CostReinvestment Cost

Level of Skill in O&M


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WSP (Unlined)

WSP (Lined)

FAL

TF (Plastic Media)

TF (Gravel, Slow Rate)

TF (Gravel, High Rate)

UASB + FPU

ASP

UASB + FAL + FPU

UASB + ASP

BIOFOR

ASP BIOFOR F

FAB

MBBR

SBR / CTECH

SAFF

MBR

ASP + C-F + RSF/DMF

SBR + C-F + RSF/DMF

Category I

Category II

Category III

Category IV

STPs Producing Recyclable Quality

Treatment Plant Footprint, m2 / MLD

0 2000 4000 6000 20000 25000 30000

Annunali

zedCost,Rs/kL

0

2

4

6

8

10

Annualized Cost of Treatment and Corresponding Land

Requirement for Various Treatment Technologies

Adapted from Dr. Tare, 2010


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Trends inTrends in Freshwater CostsFreshwater Costs

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Year

Lande

dCostofwatertoUtility(Rsperk

L)

Chennai

Delhi

Hyderabad

Bangalore

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Year

Lande


L)


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Trends inTrends in Recycled Water CostRecycled Water Cost

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Year

Lande


L)

Chennai

Delhi

Hyderabad

Bangalore

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Year

Lande


L)

MBR + RO (Potable)

Tertiary treatment(All Non-potablescenario)


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Growth in Indirect Potable ReuseGrowth in Indirect Potable Reuse

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

1960 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004

C

umulativeFlow,m

3/d


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Thank You!

wastewater reuse tech evolution costs

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