water demand management programme for pacific island countries
TRANSCRIPT
WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME FOR PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES
© Mathias H. Kleppen
SOPAC, the Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience
Commission, is an intergovernmental organization
based in Suva, Fiji. SOPAC helps member countries to
sustainably manage their non-living natural resources.
Since mid 2006 SOPAC has been managing the
implementation of the New Zealand’s International
Aid & Development Agency funded project “Water
Demand Management (WDM) for Pacific Island
Countries 2006 – 2009”. A partnership with world leading
experts in this field, Wide Bay Water Corporation,
was established to ensure that state of the art WDM
techniques and technologies are being introduced
to participating countries. The programme is initially
focusing on five countries including Cook Islands,
Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Niue
and Solomon Islands.
OVERARCHING GOAL
Sustainable access to safe drinking water for communities in Pacific Island countries
Minimising Water Losses in Pacific Island Water Utilities
OUTPUT
• Water demand management teams established, trained and functioning with increased capacity within each participating utility • Water demand management plans for individual utilities developed and implemented • Experience of successful water demand management initiatives promoted and shared between utilities
OBJECTIVE
Improved capacity for water demand management in Pacific urban water utilities
© Herve Damlamian
© Mathias H. Kleppen
The main finding during initial scoping missions to the
pilot countries in 2006 was the lack of data and data
collection equipment. To be better suited to take the
right steps in the future, a foundation was laid for better
understanding of the different water supply systems
through metering and data logging of water flow and
pressure.
This data can be analysed in order to create a water
balance. A water balance is the first step in any water
loss management project and allows you to have
an overview over where your water goes. The water
balance will let you understand the key demands on
your water, to separate the demands into authorized
and unauthorised consumption and it will allow you
to make high level predictions about the potential
savings that can be made.
In the past, development projects in the water supply
sector have mainly concentrated on the upgrading
or extension of existing water supply infrastructure. This
supply driven approach has proven to be very costly
for both the donor and the receiving country and has
not led to a safe water supply, even for the bigger
urban centres in most of the Pacific Islands Countries
(PICs). Many of the water supply systems in PICs have
problems with water delivery to customers and one of
the primary causes is the fact that these systems often
lose more water through leakage and wastage than
they actually deliver.
With more pressure on limited resources, many PICs
have realised that the key towards sustainability lies
not necessarily in costly infrastructure extension but
rather in the sound management of the water already
available. This is the basis of a demand management
approach where strategies are developed to improve
and optimise existing water supply resources and
infrastructure, and encourage customers to use
water efficiently. Economic, environmental and social
benefits are achievable with such an approach.
Some selected Sub-Projects within the WDM
Programme are presented in the following pages.
“To measure is to know”
© Mathias H. Kleppen
© Mathias H. Kleppen
SOPAC, the Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience
Commission, is an intergovernmental organization
based in Suva, Fiji. SOPAC helps member countries to
sustainably manage their non-living natural resources.
Since mid 2006 SOPAC has been managing the
implementation of the New Zealand’s International
Aid & Development Agency funded project “Water
Demand Management (WDM) for Pacific Island
Countries 2006 – 2009”. A partnership with world leading
experts in this field, Wide Bay Water Corporation,
was established to ensure that state of the art WDM
techniques and technologies are being introduced
to participating countries. The programme is initially
focusing on five countries including Cook Islands,
Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Niue
and Solomon Islands.
OVERARCHING GOAL
Sustainable access to safe drinking water for communities in Pacific Island countries
Minimising Water Losses in Pacific Island Water Utilities
OUTPUT
• Water demand management teams established, trained and functioning with increased capacity within each participating utility • Water demand management plans for individual utilities developed and implemented • Experience of successful water demand management initiatives promoted and shared between utilities
OBJECTIVE
Improved capacity for water demand management in Pacific urban water utilities
© Herve Damlamian
© Mathias H. Kleppen
Sub-Project: Honiara City Water Loss Management,
Sectorisation, Metering and Logging – Stage 1
Solomon Islands Water Authority (SIWA) had prior to this
project, selected the Lower West Kola (LWK) part of the
Tuvaruhu pumped water supply system as a priority. System
investigations were done through analysis of MapInfo data
and deploying flow and pressure loggers at selected
sites throughout the system. The immediate findings from
this initial action were: potentially large levels of leakage;
pressure level inconsistent with topography; major restriction
in the pipework close to supply point; uncertain integrity of
boundary valves; wrong location and size of water meter
at supply point and one of the meters at the hospital out
of order causing SIWA an estimated revenue loss of SBD
25,000.00 per month.
Solutions to these problems were presented, hospital meter
and broken boundary valves for this area were immediately
repaired, an upgrade of MapInfo was done together with
the creation of the LWK District Metered Area (DMA) as shown
in the lower left picture. A new bulk flow meter at the supply
point was provided together with a laptop containing Pmac
software to install and read the flow and pressure loggers,
and custom made software to produce water balance for
every DMA. Acoustic leak detection equipment was also
provided by the WDM programme in order to assist SIWA
battle a system water loss believed to be around 40%.
The WDM programme provides the expertise to assist SIWA
implement the following recommendations:comprehensive
sectorisation of Honiara water supply network; installation
of flow meters on sectorised areas; installation of bulk flow
meters on all reservoirs; investigate scope for possible pressure
reduction; comprehensive leakage detection programme
once DMA’s have been established and comprehensive
boundary valve maintenance programme. More training
of SIWA staff in using the full potential of MapInfo as an asset
management tool will also be available.
Country: SOLOMON ISLANDS © Pankaj Mistry
© Mathias H. KleppenFig: Lower Western Kola DMA (MapInfo SIWA)
Sub-Project: Niue Water Loss Management, Sectorisation,
Metering and Logging
Niue has one of the most pro-active water utilities in the South
Pacific and therefore enjoys the full potential of assistance
through the WDM and related water programmes implemented
by SOPAC and its partners. Based upon needs detailed by the
Manager of the Water Division in Niue, Mr. Andre Siohane, a
comprehensive WDM programme has been developed in
Niue.
New bulk flow meters and flow loggers have been installed at
all supply points throughout the nation. A laptop containing
the software needed to install, download and analyse logger
data and produce system loss management plans has been
provided. Equipment for leak detection and pipe location
have been supplied together with the necessary training of
the team. Tailor made training was provided in sectorisation,
minimum night flow determination and analysis of pressure and
flow data. Continued support is available in order to ensure the
sustainability of this effort in Niue.
The Water Division now enjoys close to 100% knowledge about
where the reticulated water is going and by comparing the
performance of each sector, priorities can be made on where
and what kind of intervention needs to take place in order to
minimise water losses and save pumping costs.
Country: NIUE
© M
ath
ias
H. K
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Country: Cook Islands & Federated States of Micronesia Sub-Project: Capacity Building
A major component in the WDM programme is the
development of local staff to implement efficient water
demand management practices. This can be done
through training and has been approached in two different
ways.
1) First through traditional workshops where Wide Bay Water
Corporation and SOPAC has held classes and practical
exercises in a wide variety of WDM techniques and
technologies including:
• Economic & Social Benefits of WDM
• Communication Strategies & Awareness rising
• Development of Water Balance
• System Sectorisation
• Creation of District Metered Areas and Pressure
Management Zones
• Water Conservation & Water Auditing
• Pipe Location & Leak Detection
• Reservoir Drop Test & Zero Pressure Test
• Data Logger Analysis, etc.
The 1st WDM Workshop was held in Rarotonga, Cook Islands
with additional participants from Solomon Islands and
Samoa. The 2nd WDM Workshop was held in Pohnpei with
additional participants from Chuuk, Ebeye, Kosrae, Majuro,
and Yap.
2) The other Capacity Building activity involves selected PIC
water utility staff in one week field work on projects within
the WDM programme’s workplan in addition to a three
week practical training at Wide Bay Water Corporation in
Australia. The aim of the in-house training in Australia is to
allow the participant complete visability of how full scale
water loss programmes are managed. The two major tools
used by Wide Bay Water Corporation are active leakage
detection programmes and pressure management. In
the region they have a number of projects ranging from
early stage planning to whole systems being pressure and
leak managed. This is the next logical step for knowledge
transfer as the trainee works with all aspects of WDM from
office to the field. In effect it is hoped that this will prepare
the participant to manage similar work to increase water
efficiency in their home country.
For more information on this programme contact:
Mathias H. KleppenAdviser — Water Use EfficiencySOPAC Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission
Postal Address: Private Mail Bag, Suva Fiji IslandsStreet Address: Mean Road, NabuaTel: +679 338 1377 Fax: +679 337 0040
E–mail: [email protected]
Website: www.sopac.orgwww.widebaywater.qld.gov.au/www.nzaid.govt.nz/
© Mathias H. Kleppen