water’s effects on shaping the earth’s surface
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Water’s Effects on Shaping the Earth’s Surface. 10.4. Weathering. The process of breaking down rock into smaller fragments Two main types: Physical Weathering: physical means such as being scratched by other rocks, not changing it’s composition - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Water’s Effects on Shaping the Earth’s Surface
10.4
Weathering
• The process of breaking down rock into smaller fragments
• Two main types:– Physical Weathering: physical means such as being
scratched by other rocks, not changing it’s composition
– Chemical Weathering: a chemical reaction causing the rocks to decompose or break down
Physical weathering
Chemical Weathering
Biological Weathering
• If physical weathering has occurred by an animal or plant: Biological weathering
Deposition
• Rocks and sediments are carried away eventually are DEPOSITED somewhere else
Examples: Sand dunes and Deltas
Note: deposition is also a term for a change of state from Gas to Solid
Caves, Sink holes and Karst• Carbon dioxide is released
from respiration• When rain water mixes
with Carbon dioxide or from carbon in organic material -> the water becomes slightly acidic
• Acidic rain water mixes with calcium carbonate in the ground which creates caves, sinkholes or karst
Karst
• An area with many sink holes
Erosion by water and ice
• Moving water– Fast moving rivers– Outside banks along the
rivers– Ocean bluffs by wave
action
Landslides
• Erosion by gravity
Check
• Give two examples of physical weathering– Ice or Frost Wedging and Erosion
• What forms when carbon dioxide mixes with water vapour?– Carbonic Acid (Acid rain)
Karst
• An area with many sinkholes.
• A sinkhole is an area where rock has been broken down by acidic ground water and it is close to the surface. Eventually over thousands of years, the ground above collapse.
• Vancouver Island and the Rocky Mountains have many Karsts– Carbonate rock that reacts with any acid in the ground
water.
Feature Carved by Glacier
Description
Arete Narrow ridge (high ground) between two cirques
Cirque Bowl-shaped valley at the head of a glacier
Fiord A narrow inlet of ocean between steep cliffs carved by glaciers
Hanging Valley U-shaped valley cut off by a bigger valley created by a larger glacier
Horn Pyramid-shaped peak located between three cirques
Deposited by water and iceFeature deposited by a Glacier
Description
Erratic Large boulder deposited on the ground by a glacier
Esker Winding ridge of material deposited by a stream running under a glacier
Moraine Ridge of rocky material deposited by a glacier. Moraines can be found at the sides and farthest advance of a glacier
Outwash Material deposited by water from melting glacier