waves part 1 basics what is a wave? a wave is a disturbance that carries energy through matter or...
TRANSCRIPT
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WavesPart 1
Basics
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What is a wave?
•A wave is a disturbance that carries energy through matter or space
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Waves Themes
These are some of the areas of interest that involve waves
1. Sight and vision2. Sound and hearing3. Communications4. Medicine5. Cooking6. astronomyAnd more…………
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The uses of waves
1. Microwave
2. Radar
3. Mobile
4. TV
5. Radio
6. CD
7. Music
8. Satellite
1. X-rays
2. Ultrasound
3. Gamma-rays
4. Fibre optics
5. Remote control
6. …..
7. …..
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Waves
The characteristics of waves
Waves are
1. Regular patterns of disturbance
2. Made by vibrations
They
3. Transmit energy
4. Do not transmit matter
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Waves
The two main types
Transverse (b)1. on a rope 2. on the surface of
water3. light
Longitudinal (a)
1. in a spring
2. Sound
longitudinal
transverse
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• When a crowd does “the Mexican wave” at a sporting event, they are performing as a transverse wave
• The wave moves in a circle around the stadium, but the people move up and down
Transverse WavesWaves
Transverse particle motion
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Waves
Transverse particle motion
The motion of the particles in the medium is at a right angle to the motion of the
wave as a whole
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Waves
Transverse particle motion
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Waves
Longitudinal
The particles move in the same direction as the wave motion
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Waves
Terms – wavelength - longitudinal
Compression (C) – rarefaction (R)
λC R C R C R
=wavelength
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Waves
Terms – wavelength - transverse
Crest (C) –Trough (T)
T T
C C Cλ =wavelength
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Waves
Terms – wavelength
Wavelength The distance between two consecutive
• Crests or troughs• Compressions or rarefactions
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Waves
Terms – amplitude - longitudinal
Amplitude
The maximum (biggest) disturbance or displacement.
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Waves
Terms - frequency
Frequency
The number of waves made or passing by in 1 second
Unit – Hertz (Hz)
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Waves
Terms - speed
Speed
The distance a wave travels in one second.
start 1 second later
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Waves
Symbols and units
unit symbol
amplitude m A
wavelength m λ or w
frequency Hz f
speed m/s s,v or c!
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Waves
Formula
s,v or c -speed
w or λ – wavelength
s
f λ
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Waves on water
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Waves
Transverse waves on water – a side view
Direction of travel
Particle motion – not 100% correct!
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Waves
Transverse waves on water – from above
= wave motion
= crest
= source
Waves travelling out from the source
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Waves spreading
The previous slides show waves moving
along a line.
Waves can spread out moving
• across the surface of the sea ( 2 dimensions)
• or through space ( 3 dimensions)
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Waves
Light and sound
Light
1. Transmits energy
2. Transverse
3. Does not need a medium – can travel through empty space
Sound
1. Transmits energy
2. Longitudinal
3. Needs a medium – solid – liquid - gas
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Wave Interactions--Reflection
•Reflection is what happens when a wave strikes a surface or boundary
• Waves reflect at a free boundary
• At a fixed boundary, waves reflect and turn upside down
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Waves
Reflection -sound
1. Sound is reflected when it meets a boundary between two materials – air/brick.
2. Reflected sound can produce an echo.
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Echo - reflection
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Waves
Reflection – spring waves
Waves can be reflected at the fixed end of a spring.
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Waves
Reflection - light
1. Light is reflected when it meets a boundary between two materials – air/mirror – air/paper.
2. Light reflected by a mirror produces an image.
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Waves
Reflection – light - diagrams
Reflection by a plane mirror
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Waves
Reflection – water waves - diagrams
Water waves are reflected by barriers
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Waves
Refraction - light
• When waves pass from one medium into another, they are bending due to a process called refraction
• This is why a spoon looks like it is broken into 2 pieces when it is resting in a glass half-full of water
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Waves
Refraction – light - diagrams
There is some reflection as well.
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Waves
Refraction- water waves – diagrams -1
When water waves pass from deep water to shallow water they slow down. The wavelength decreases .
deep-fast shallow-slow
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Waves
Refraction- water waves – diagrams -2
deep shallow
The direction changes as well – this is refraction
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Waves
Diffraction
Waves spread when they
1. pass through a gap
2. go past an obstacle
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Waves
Diffraction – narrow slit
Narrow slit – more diffraction
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Waves
Diffraction – wide slit
Wide slit – less diffraction
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Waves
Diffraction – past an obstacle -1
Short radio waves – less diffraction
Radio
transmitter
No reception
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Waves
Diffraction – past an obstacle -2
Long radio waves – more diffraction
Radio
transmitter
reception