wbt structured flow charting

8/8/2019 WBT Structured Flow Charting

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Use Flowchart Symbols for

Structured Programming

Created By

Albert Ritzhaupt

University of South Florida


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Instructional Plan

This Web-based module is designed to first test yourskill set before you engage in the learning material.

First you will take a pre-inventory quiz, and based on

the results, you will be prescribed lessons.

At the end of this training module, you will take apost-inventory quiz to insure that you gained thenecessary skills.

Note: If you exit the program without completion,you will be required to start from the beginning.


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Navigation Instructions

The submit button is used to submit your answer.

This button is used to go back to the previous frame

This button is used to go to the next frame

Scores highlighted in green mean that you scored

Satisfactorily in the competency area, and that you do not need review.

Scores highlighted in red mean that you did not score

satisfactorily in the competency area, and should consider review.

100%

80%

The help button is resource on the functionality of the lesson.

The menu button is used to navigate to a specific location in the lesson.M

The exit button is used to exit the lesson.E

H

ubmit


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Instructional Objectives

Use the terminal symbol

Use of the flow line and connector

symbols

Use the input/output symbol

Use the process symbol

Use the decision symbol


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Provide your Information

First Name

Last Name

Begin Tutorial


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Pre-Inventory

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1. The terminal symbol is visualized as a

___________ in structured programming flow

charts.

A

B

C

D

Type your answer here:

Submi


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2. The terminal symbols can be used to

____________ a flow chart process.

capture input and output

start and end

open

both a and b

A

B

C

D


Submi


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3. You can see that the example flowchart

below would be considered incorrect

because it ________.

Start process

Conditio

n

End processEnd process

has more than one

terminal end symbol

has more than oneterminal start symbol

only has three terminal symbols

should have four terminal symbols

A

B

C

D


Submi


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4. The flow line symbol is visualized as a

___________ in structured programming flowcharts and the connector symbol is

visualized as a ___________.

A

B

C

D


Submi


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5. A flow line symbol is analogous to a

__________________ in structured

programming.

logical path

connector

process

terminal symbol

A

B

C

D


Submi


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6. With regards to only the flow lines, you

know the example flowchart above would

be considered incorrect because ________.

End process

it does not use a connector

symbol to connect flow lines

the two flow lines exhibit bi-directionality

it does use a connector symbol

to connect two flow lines

both b and c

A

B

C

D


Submi


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7. The input/output symbol is visualized as

a ___________ in structured programming flow

charts.

A

B

C

D


Submi


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8.An input/output symbol could be used tovisualize input from a ________ in a

structured programming flowchart.

storage device

keyboard

electronic monitor

All of the above

A

B

C

D


Submi


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9. An input/output symbol could be used to

visualize output to a ________ in a structured

programming flowchart.

storage device

flowchart symbol

printer

both a and c

A

B

C

D


Submi


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10. The process symbol is visualized as a


charts.

A

B

C

D


Submi


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11. A process symbol could be used to

visualize ________ in a structuredprogramming flowchart and is considered

to be __________ in an algorithm.

a calculation or assignment;

a single step


multiple steps

multiple calculations or

assignments; a single step


assignments; multiple steps

A

B

C

D


Submi


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12. With regards to the process symbol, you

know the example flowchart above wouldbe considered incorrect because it ________.

End process

Start process

Add A to B

Move A to C

uses the incorrect flow chart

symbol for a process

has two processes in oneprocess box

has only a calculation and an

assignment are present

should include only one flowline

A

B

C

D


Submi


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13. The decision symbol is visualized as a


charts.

A

B

C

D


Submi


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14. You know a decision symbol is often

referred to as a(n) ________ and can be used

to evaluate _______ or more outcomes.

algorithm; one

algorithm; two

decision diamond; one

decision diamond; two

A

B

C

D


Submi


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15. With regards to the decision symbol,

you know the example flowchart below

evaluates ________ outcome(s).

one

two

three

four

A

B

C

D


Submi


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the example flowchart below evaluates

________ outcome(s).


one

two

three

four

A

B

C

D

Submit


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ResultsUse the terminal symbol

Use of the flow line and connector symbols




Final Score:

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

Continue

Al rt A


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Identify the terminal symbol

Notice the terminal symbol is visualized as acapsule

Use the terminal symbol as either a start

or end a process

Ensure flow charts have one beginning and

one end

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Purpose of the Terminal Symbol The terminal symbol in structured

programming flowcharts indicates a starting orending point in the logic of a process.

When reading a structured programmingflowchart, the first step is to identify thestarting point visualized as a terminal symbol.

The process than can be followed to theending terminal symbol, which indicates theend of the process being visualized.

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Terminal Symbol Visualized as a

Capsule

The terminal symbol is visualized as acapsule with text within it indicating whether

the terminal symbol is being used as a

starting or ending point.

Start process End process

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To use the terminal symbol, you needto know that:

The terminal symbol can be used to representeither a starting or ending point of a process The terminal symbol is visualized as a

capsule with text inside indicating whether it isa starting or ending point

The terminal symbol is visualized as:

Terminal symbol

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Terminal Symbol has one beginning and

one end

A typical maze will usually only have one beginningand one ending point. If this were not the case, howwould we know where to begin and where to end?

A structured programming flowchart works much thesame way. It should only have one beginning point

and one ending point. Otherwise, users attempting to use the flowchart are

likely to get confused.

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Incorrect Flowcharts Due to Multiple

Starting orEnding Points

If a software developer plans to use flowcharts tovisualize complex logical processes, he or she should

be able to identify flowcharts that do not follow the

principle of having one beginning and ending

point.

If you see more than one starting or ending point in aflowchart, you know this flowchart did not follow thisprinciple.

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Use the terminal symbol The first flowchart shows an example of a

flowchart that follows this principle.

The second flowchart shows an example of aflowchart the does not follow this principle.

End process

Start process

End process

Start process

End process

Incorrect use ofterminal symbol

Correct use ofterminal symbol

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To insure the proper use of terminalsymbols in structured programming

flowcharts: There should be only one beginning point andone ending point in a structured programmingflowchart

Generally a flowchart that has one beginningand one ending point does not violate thisprinciple

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charts.

A

B

C

D


Progress Review

Submit


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open and close

start and end

both a and c

A

B

C

D


Progress Review

Submit


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below would be considered incorrect

because it ________.

Start process

Conditio

n


has more than one

terminal start symbol

has more than oneterminal end symbol

should have six terminal symbols

only has three terminal symbols

A

B

C

D


Progress Review

Submit


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Results

Progress Review Score:

Progress Review

You answered out of 3 correctly.

Review

33%

Al ert Ritz au t

1


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Use the Flow Line and

Connector Symbols

Identify the flow line and connectorsymbol

Use flow lines to connect two non-flowlines symbols and show the flow ofcontrol Ensure a unidirectional relationship between

two non-flow line symbols Ensure that flow lines should not connect to

other flow lines without a connector symbol

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Connector Symbols

Purpose of the Flow Line Symbol

The flow line symbol in structured programmingflowcharts connects various non-flow line symbols. It

is intended to connect the various steps in the logical

process of the flowchart.

Purpose of the Connector Symbol

The connector symbol in structured programmingflowcharts is used to connect any two flow linesymbols that follow the same logical path.

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Connector Symbols

Flow Line and Connector Symbols

Visualized

The flow line symbol is visualized as a unidirec

tionalarrowconnecting to flowchart items.

When reading a structured programming flowchart, theflow line symbols connect the various steps in the

logical process.

The connector symbol is visualized as a circle and isused to connect to flow line symbols on a logical path.

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Connector Symbols The figure below provides an illustration of how a

connector symbol and flow line symbols might be

used in a logical process.

Flow line symbols are

connecting non-flow

line symbols in a

logical process

Connector symbolused to connect two or

more flow line symbols

End process

Start process

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Connector Symbols To use the flow line and connector

symbols, you need to know that:

The flow line symbol can be used to connect two non-

flow line symbols in a logical path

The connector symbol can be used to connect one ormore flow line symbols on a logical path

The flow line and connector symbols are visualized as:

Flow line symbol Connector symbol

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Connector Symbols

Think Logical Path for Flow Line

A flow line symbol should be thought of a

logical path between steps in a logicalprocess. The term logical path is analogous

to flow line symbol in structured programming

flowcharts

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Connector Symbols Incorrect Flowcharts Due to Missing Connectors

It is important to insure that your structured programmingflowcharts do not connect two or more flow lines without theuse of a connector symbol. A software developer should beable to identify flowcharts that do not follow this principle.Directly below the incorrect figure is an example of how aconnector would be used to resolve the problem.

Correct use of

connector

Incorrect because

no of connector

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Connector Symbols Incorrect Flowcharts Due to Bidirectional Flow Lines

If a software developer plans to use flowcharts to visualize complexlogical processes, he or she should be able to identify flowcharts thatdo not follow the principle of unidirectional flow lines.

A single logical path cannot go in two directions without the use of adecision symbol which will be discussed in a subsequent lesson.

This is confusing to a reader of this flowchart because it would indicatethat the logical path can go in both directions.

Start process

End process

Some processIncorrectbecause of bi-

directionality

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Connector Symbols To insure the proper use of flow line and

connector symbols in structured

programming flowcharts:

Recognize that a flow line is analogous to a logicalpath.

Ensure that connector symbols are used to connectany two or more flow line symbols on the same logical

path. Ensure that the all flow lines used only have one

direction unidirectionality.

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A

B

C

D


Submit


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__________________ in structuredprogramming.

connector

logical path

terminal symbol

process

A

B

C

D


Submit


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End process

does use a connector

symbol to connect flow lines

does not includedirectionality

does not use a connector symbol


both a and c above

A

B

C

D


Submit


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Results


Progress Review


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Al ert Ritz au t

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Use the input/output symbol Identify the input/output symbol

Use the input/output symbol for input

Use input from a storage device Use input from a keyboard Use input from an electronic monitor

Use the input/output symbol for output

Use output to a storage device Use output to a monitor Use output to a printer

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Purpose of the Input/Output Symbol

The input/output symbol in structured

programming flowcharts is used to representeither an input or output operation, such as

reading from a file or writing to a computer

monitor.

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Use the input/output symbol Terminal Symbol Visualized as a Capsule

The input/output symbol is visualized as aparallelogram with textwithin it indicating what type of the input or output operation is beingused.

An input/output symbol can be used only to represent a single input oroutput operation. Therefore, if a read operation is being visualized, thesymbol cannot be used to also represent a write operation.

End process

Start process

Read Name

Write Name

An input operation

An output operation

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Use the input/output symbol To use the input/output symbol, you need

to know that:

The input/output symbol can be used to representsingle input or output operation

The input/output symbol is visualized as aparallelogram with text inside indicating the type of

input or output operation

The input/output symbol is visualized as:

Operation

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Use the input/output symbol Use the input/output symbol for an input

operation An input/output symbol used as input can be used for

input from many different input devices. The specifictype of operation is usually described as either anopen or read operation, such as reading opening a fileor from the keyboard.

It is important to note that if a logical process requires

information that must be used; the flowchart must firstshow an input operation gathering that input for thesubsequent process. A few of the devices describedbelow are common devices used for input operations:

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Use the input/output symbol Input Device Examples

A storage device A storage device is used to store secondarymemory nonvolatile. Some examples of storage devices includefloppy disks, hard drives, flash memory sticks, compact disks, or digitalvideo disks.

A keyboard A keyboard is one of the more common input devices.A keyboard consists of various keys that allow the users to input data,control cursor and pointer locations, and to control the dialog with acomputer.

An electronic monitor An electronic monitor is example of anuncommon input device. An electronic monitor, such as those used inpoint-of-sale systems are often referred to as touch screens. A user ofan electronic monitor will type input on the screen

The examples provided above are not the only types ofinput devices or sources of input.

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Use the input/output symbol The diagram below provides two examples of

input: one from a user and one from a file. It isnot necessary to specify the source or the

device, as shown below. However, for claritypurposes it can sometimes be helpful to theuser of the flowchart.

Read name froma keyboard

Open theemp.dat file

Example 2

End process

Start process

Read Name

from keyboard

Example 1

End process

Start process

Open emp.dat

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An input/output symbol can be used for

input from:

A storage deviceA keyboardAn electronic monitor

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Use the input/output symbol Use the input/output symbol for an output

operation An input/output symbol used as output can be used for

output to many different output devices. The specifictypes of operations are usually described as either aclose or write operation, such as closing a file orwriting to a printer.

It is important to note that some devices can be both

input devices and output devices. For example, atouch screen electronic monitor or a storage devicecan be used for both output and input.

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Example output devices A storage device Described in input. An electronic monitor Potentially a touch screen

as described in input. A printer- A printer is a computer peripheral device

that produces a hard copy, which is a permanenthuman-readable text and/or combination of graphics,usually on paper, from data stored in a computer

connected to it. The examples provided above are not the

only types of output devices.

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The diagram below provides two examples ofoutput: one to a printer and to a file. It is notnecessary to specify the device, as shown

below. However, for clarity purposes it cansometimes be helpful to the user of theflowchart.

Write report to aprinter

Close theemp.dat file

Example 2

End process

Start process

Write report to

inkjet

Example 1

End process

Start process

Close emp.dat

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An input/output symbol can be used for

output to:

A storage deviceAn electronic monitorA printer

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a ___________ in structured programming flowcharts.

A

B

C

D


Submit


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visualize input from a ________ in a

structured programming flowchart.

speaker

keyboard

electronic monitor

both b and c above

A

B

C

D


Submit


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visualize output to a ________ in a structuredprogramming flowchart.

storage device

electronic monitor

printer

All of the above

A

B

C

D


Submit


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Identify the process symbol

Use a process symbol to represent a singlecomputer operation

Notice that a process symbol is used to represent asingle step in an algorithm

Notice a process symbol could be used to represent acalculation

Notice a process symbol could be used to represent aassignment

Ensure only one step is represented in a processsymbol

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Purpose of the process symbol

The process symbol is used to represent any

single operation in an algorithm. Generally, this type of operation is either acalculation or an assignment statement.

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A calculation is a deliberate process for transforming oneor more inputs into a result using either arithmetic orlogical operations.

An assignment statement is similar to a calculation, butdoes not include a logical or mathematical operation. Asassignment statement is the transfer of a value from onevariable to another.

Calculation RESULT = INPUT1 + INPUT2

OR

ADD INPUT1 INPUT2 TO RESULT

RESULT = INPUT1

OR

MOVE INPUT1 TO RESULT

Assignment

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An algorithmic process

The process symbol can be used to represent

assignment and calculation operations. These types of operations are consideredsingle steps in an algorithm.

An algorithm is a procedure or formula for

solving problem, and is what a flowchartrepresents in its entirety.

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A process symbol can be used to:

Represent a calculation

Represent an assignment statement Represents a single computer operation in analgorithm

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Process Symbol Visualized as a Rectangle A process symbol in structured programming

flowcharts is visualized as a rectangle with text insiderepresenting the specific type of operation taking

place. The type examples below show how a process symbol

can be used for the operations shown above.

A calculation An assignment

Example 2

End process

Start process

Example 1

End process

Start process

RESULT =

INPUT1 +INPUT2

RESULT =

INPUT1

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Incorrect Flowcharts Due to Multiple Processes in a SingleProcess Symbol A software developer should be able to identify flowcharts that do not

follow the principle of a single operation in a process symbol.

A process symbol can only represent one operation per processsymbol.

The figure below provides an example of an incorrect use of aflowchart because of two processes in a single process symbol andhow the process should be represented.

Incorrect Correct

Example 2

End process

Start process

Example 1

RESULT = B

RESULT = B

+ A

End process

Start process

RESULT = B

RESULT = B

+ A

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A process symbol is:

Only a single calculation or assignment

statement Visualized as a rectangle with text insideindicating the type of operation

The input/output symbol is visualized as:

Operation

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___________ in structured programming flowcharts.

A

B

C

D


Submit


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visualize ________ in a structured

programming flowchart and is considered


two calculations or

assignments; multiple stepstwo calculations or



multiple stepsa calculation or assignment; a

single step

A

B

C

D


Submit


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End process

Start process

Add A to B

Move A to C

has two processes in one

process box

uses the incorrect flow chartsymbol for a process

should not include only one

flow line

has only a calculation and anassignment are present

A

B

C

D


Submit


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Results


Progress Review


1 %

A

l ert Ritz au t

3


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Identify the decision symbol

Notice that a decision symbol is often referred to as adecision diamond

Notice that a decision symbol is supposed to evaluateone or more outcomes

Use the use of the decision symbol to identify

outcomes

Use of the decision symbol to identify one outcome Use the decision symbol to identify two outcomes

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Decision Symbol Purpose

A decision symbol is one of the most

powerful visual aids in structuredprogramming flowcharts.

It is used to evaluate one or moreoutcomes logical paths.

Alternative paths are taken based onthe evaluation of a decision symbol.

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Decision Symbol Visualized as a Diamond A decision symbol is visualized as a diamond

with text inside indicating the condition to be

evaluated. If a software developer plans to visualize one or more

outcomes, a decision symbol must be used.

Since a decision symbol looks like a diamond, wesometimes refer to a decision symbol as a decision

diamond. A decision diamond is used to show the logical path

that should be taken.

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The figure below shows how a decision symbol can beused to evaluate two outcomes based on a condition. If the condition evaluates to true, the left path is taken. If the condition evaluates to false, the right path is taken. This is what is meant to evaluate between one or more outcomes.

End process

Start process

Conditi

on

Outcome 1 Outcome 2

T F

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To use the decision symbol, you need toknow that:

A decision symbol is sometimes referred to asa decision diamond

The decision symbol is visualized as adiamond with text inside indicating thecondition to be evaluated

The decision symbol is visualized as:

Condition

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Identify One Outcome The following sentence represents

a condition with one outcome.

If a child is greater than 38in tall,he can ride on the rollercoaster,otherwise, he cannot.

The one outcome here is that achild will ride the rollercoaster.Since not riding a rollercoaster isnot a process or action, then wedo not consider it a possible

outcome. The figure to the leftshows this visualized as aflowchart.

End process

Start process

height >38in

Child rides

rollercoaster

T

F

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Identify Two Outcomes The concept of overtime pay

provides a very strong example ofa condition being evaluated withtwo possible outcomes.

If an employee worked more thanforty hours in one week, he is paidtime and one half, otherwise, he ispaid normally.

In this example, regardless ofwhether the condition is true orfalse, two possible outcome oractions or processes are taken.

The figure to the right shows thisvisualized as a flowchart.

End process

Start process

hours > 40

Overtime No Overtime

T F

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You should be able to identify a decision

symbol used to:

Evaluate one outcome Evaluate two outcomes Notice that the corners of the diamond are not

required as being true or false, they are

interchangeable as long as they are markedproperly.

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A

B

C

D


Submit


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referred to as a(n) ________ and can be usedto evaluate _______ or more outcomes.

operation ; one


operation; two


A

B

C

D


Submit


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you know the example flowchart belowevaluates ________ outcome(s).

two

three

four

five

A

B

C

D


Submit


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the example flowchart below evaluates________ outcome(s).


four

three

two

one

A

B

C

D

Submit

P R i


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Results


Progress Review


1 %

Al ert Ritz au t

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Post-Inventory

M EH


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A

B

C

D


Submit


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close

start and end

both a and b

A

B

C

D


Submit


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below would be considered incorrectbecause it ________.

Start process

Conditio

n


should have six

terminal symbols

only has threeterminal symbols

has more than one terminal start

symbol

has more than one terminal endsymbol

A

B

C

D


Submit


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A

B

C

D


Submit


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__________________ in structuredprogramming.

process

logical path

terminal symbol

connector

A

B

C

D


Submit


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know the example flowchart above wouldbe considered incorrect because ________.

End process

it does use a connector symbol


it does not use a connectorsymbol to connect flow lines

the two flow lines exhibit bi-

directionality

both b and c

A

B

C

D


Submit


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a ___________ in structured programming flowcharts.

A

B

C

D


Submit


98/110


visualize input from a ________ in astructured programming flowchart.

storage device

electronic monitor

keyboard

All of the above

A

B

C

D


Submit


99/110


visualize output to a ________ in a structuredprogramming flowchart.

printer

electronic monitor

storage device

All of the above

A

B

C

D


Submit


100/110



A

B

C

D


Submit


101/110


visualize ________ in a structured

programming flowchart and is considered



assignments; multiple stepsmultiple calculations or



multiple steps

A

B

C

D



a single step

Sub

mit


102/110


know the example flowchart above would

be considered incorrect because it ________.

End process

Start process

Add A to B

Move A to C

uses the incorrect flow chart

symbol for a process

should include only one flow

line

has two processes in one

process box

has only a calculation and an

assignment are present

A

B

C

D


Submit


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A

B

C

D


Submit


104/110


referred to as a(n) ________ and can be usedto evaluate _______ or more outcomes.

algorithm; one



algorithm; two

A

B

C

D


Submit


105/110


you know the example flowchart belowevaluates ________ outcome(s).

four

three

two

one

A

B

C

D


Submit


106/110


the example flowchart below evaluates________ outcome(s).


two

one

four

three

A

B

C

D

Subm

it


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Results






Final Score:

Continue


108/110

Congratulations

You have successfully completed this Web-

Based Learning Module.

nd


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Help

The submit button is used to submit your answer.

This button is used to go back to the previous frame

This button is used to go to the next frame

Scores highlighted in green mean that you scored

Satisfactorily in the competency area, and that you do not need review.

Scores highlighted in red mean that you did not score

satisfactorily in the competency area, and should consider review.

100%

80%

The help button is resource on the functionality of the lesson.

The menu button is used to navigate to a specific location in the lesson.M

The exit button is used to exit the lesson.E

H

ubmit


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