WE AND

OUR WORLD

Publication Division

D.A.V. College Managing CommitteeChitra Gupta Road, New Delhi-110055

(Class-V)

WE AND

OUR WORLD

S.No. Topic Page No.

1. Importance of Family 1

2. Human Migration 9

3. Variation in Shelters 18

4. Sensitivity towards Others 26

5. Community Services 35

6. Leisure Time 46

7. Changing Trends in Occupation 57

8. Respecting Regional Differences 68

9. Exploring India 78

10. Mapping India 88

11. Transport in Modern Times 98

12. Communication in Modern Times 108

13. India’s Neighbours 119

CONTENTS

1

Importance ofFamily1

Family is the greatest gift of nature. It is the first learning place. The child learnseverything by watching and imitating the family members. It may be how to speak,walk and behave. The child also learns to overcome challenges, solve problemsand make decisions. It is important thatthe grown up members of the familypractice the values and actions thatthey want their children to learn. Theinteraction among the family membersdevelops close bonds of love andaffection that continue throughout life.

Family System

The family system works like a chain. The elders help the child to grow up intoa good human being. In turn the children provide support to elders in times ofneed. They also follow the family values and traditions. Mutual affection, love, trustand sharing of responsibilities strengthen the relationships in a family.

Do You Know?

All human beings live in

groups. Family is the most

important group.

Joint Family Nuclear Family

2

Family Traditions

Each family follows certain customs and traditions. They are the activities thatoccur regularly and hold special meaning for that family. They are an excellentway of teaching values like respect for our elders, caring and sharing, helpingothers and passing the family heritage to the future generations.

Every year on Baisakhi Lokesh’s family visits agurudwara and have langar (community feast)there. The elders sit and listen to kirtan while thechildren help at langar, cleaning the compoundand organising visitors in proper queues fordarshan.

Care and Appreciation

The care and appreciation for one another are the real strengths of a family. Itis important that the family members spend time together. It builds strong bondsamong family members. The interaction gives them opportunities to remain in closecontact, develop harmony and understanding. The parents and grandparents takecare of the children with a lot of love and patience. Similarly, the children also lookafter the elders. Every member of the family has different responsibilities. Theseresponsibilities must be shared and the wishes of others must be respected.

Family Likes and Dislikes

In each family, the members have their own likes and dislikes. It may be aspecial dish, colour, dress, music or television channel. The members also have

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preferences as far household chores are concerned. They may or may not likewashing clothes, buying groceries, paying bills or watering plants. But allhousehold chores are necessary. Hence, it is important to share the responsibility.

Family Support

What happens when a family member faces a problem? Do we stand by him/her? Of course! All families give support in times of emergency. It helps the suffererto overcome the difficulties.

Sonia’s mother met with an accident.She was taken to a hospital andimmediately put on oxygen. She hadlost a lot of blood. The doctorsinstructed the family to arrange forthree units of blood to save her life.Sonia’s cousins readily donatedblood, her aunt looked after theirhome and her uncle stayed in thehospital to help her father. Thefamily support and care helpedSonia’s mother to recover quickly.

What type of support is needed in case an elderly member of a family is ill?

Whom would you telephone/call in case of an emergency at home?

4

Participation in Family Activities

All family members participate in family activities like cooking, eating, writingpoetry or singing. Some of them are good at one activity while the others areexcellent at another. Family nurtures the special talents of the members. Theencouragement helps the members to excel.

Aadit was a shy child. His parents andteachers encouraged him but he wasscared of going on the stage. His classteacher made him participate in a groupsong. Now he has gained confidence andparticipates in dramatics, singing,debate, compering, news reading, etc. Healso sings at family and neighbourhoodfunctions. Everybody enjoys listening tohis melodious voice. His parents and theother children also love to sing with him.

What is your special talent?

Who is the best singer in your family?

Who is the best cook in your family?

Our Role Models

Family members tell the children about greatpersonalities, their deeds and messages. It maybe in the form of story narration, gifting books tochildren or visiting monuments, museums, etc.

Do You Know?

Children enjoy listening to stories about great personalities like Maharana

Pratap, Shivaji, Yashoda, Rani Jhansi, Swami Vivekanand, Dayanand

Saraswati, etc. Many parents read out news items related to the life of great

people or talk about current affairs. These conversations and discussions

deepen the bonds among family members.

5

There may be some family members whom you admire for their personality,special talent, contribution to society or affectionate nature. The special membermay be a tall uncle, a cousin who paints, your father, who is a runner, agrandmother who writes stories or an aunt with long, silky hair. It may be a memberwho makes everyone laugh with his jokes or mimicry. You want to be like them.They are your role models. Whosoever your role model may be, try to imbibe his/her positive qualities.

Name one family member whom you admire the most.

How is he/she related to you?

Name two qualities that you admire him/her for.

Always utilise your time and energy in improving yourself. Your good qualitiesmake you happy, confident and popular with others. Share your feelings, hopes,dreams, fears, joys, sorrows and experiences with your parents, teachers, friendsand family members. They will guide you to grow up into a great human being.

6

A. Tick (✓✓✓✓✓) the correct option:

1. A type of family that includes only parents and their children is a—

(a) Joint Family (b) Nuclear Family (c) Extended Family

2. To develop close bonds among family members we must share—

(a) Love and affection (b) Jealousy (c) Hatred

3. To motivate the younger members to excel, family should—

(a) Encourage (b) Appreciate (c) Both of them

4. The most important group of human beings is—

(a) Family (b) Country (c) Union

5. The first learning place for a child is—

(a) School (b) Family (c) Neighborhood

B. Fill in the blanks:

Help Box

support, share, activities, traditions, love, care

1. Family helps the sufferer to overcome difficulties.

2. All family members must participate in family .

3. The and for one another is the real strength

of a family.

4. Every member of the family must the different

responsibilities.

5. Each family follows certain customs and .

Something to Know

7

C. State whether True or False:

1. Interaction develops strong bonds in a family.

2. The children cannot help the elder.

3. Each family follows same customs.

4. Care and appreciation are real strengths of a family.

5. Every person has a talent.

D. Answer briefly:

1. List two qualities that you admire in your mother/father.

2. List the qualities that make your mother/father the most special person inthe world.

3. Why does praise by family members make you happy?

4. You have a family member who always criticises you. How is that personrelated to you? Give one reason for his/her criticism.

5. Describe your reactions when your mother/father checks you for yourbehaviour.

E. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the importance of a family?

2. “The family systems work like a chain.” Explain it with an example.

3. What do you mean by “family traditions”? What is the importance of familytraditions in your life?

4. What steps can the family members take to build strong bonds?

5. Why is it important to have good communication with your parents?

Parents have many responsibilities towards their children. List fiveresponsibilities that children have towards their family. Are your responsibilitiesdependent on scoldings and frequent reminders? Explain with two examples.

ALUEBased Question:

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1. Why it is important to share responsibilities at home? How do you shareresponsibility for household chores?

2. Who is your role model? Mention the qualities which you admire in him/her

and would like to imbibe.

3. Write one value each that you would like to imbibe from your—

Grandfather Grandmother

Father Mother

Uncle (Maternal) Uncle (Paternal)

Aunt (Maternal) Aunt (Paternal)

4. The goal of spending quality family time is to love, understand and have

wonderful relationship with family members. Mention three activities that your

family engages in making ‘family time’ memorable and enjoyable.

(a) Sport— Street cricket, badminton, football, cycling, etc.

(b) .

(c) .

(d) .

5. You like to eat bhel-puri but your friend wants to eat burger all the time. Howwill you and your parents decide what to cook for him when he comes to yourhome? Keep in mind — “Junk Food is Unhealthy”.

Something To do

Healthy Food Options

9

Migration is the systematic (regular) movement of people from one place toanother. Mankind and migration have been linked to each other since ancienttimes. Human beings would nothave continued to exist withoutmigration. They moved from oneplace to another in search of foodand shelter. The settled life beganonly after the man became a foodproducer. He started growingcrops on a piece of land till the soilwas fertile. Then he would abandon it and move to a new piece of land. This typeof practice of growing crops was known as Shifting Agriculture.

Human Migration2

Do You Know?

In reference to animals, migration

implies their movement from one

region or habitat, to another to

breed, grow, find food or avoid

cold/hot weather.

10

Migration in Olden Times

In earlier times the migration was carried out within a limited area as there wereno means of transport. People had to walk or carry their goods. They were scaredto travel to far away places due to difficulties, many myths and superstitions. Thistype of orthodox thinking underwent a great change with education, logicalthinking and contact with othercountries. During the British period,Indians were encouraged tomigrate, settle or work in thecolonies under the British control.Many Indians signed agreements togo abroad for a fixed time. They hadthe choice to come back orpermanently settle in foreign lands.

Types of Migration

Voluntary Migration Forced Migration

Voluntary Migration is when people move to another place on their own wish/choice. It may be for better job, educational opportunities or to be close to theirfamily or friends in another village, town, city, state or country.

The Anand couple was not happy whentheir son, Hiten was transferred/posted toBengaluru. They missed the grandchildrenand were lonely in Patiala. Hiten and hiswife Avnee also missed the companionshipand help of their parents. Their twochildren were upset as they were used tohaving the grandparents at home whenthey came back from school. So the Anandcouple happily migrated to Bengaluru tobe with their children.

Do You Know?

The orthodox people believed

that if you travel across a sea

you will lose your caste as

according to mythology Ocean

is a resting place of Gods and

hence, should not be disturbed.

Migration

11

Look at the picture. Shankar and his friends aregoing to Punjab. They work as extra labour during thesowing and harvesting season. This is known asSeasonal Employment.

Forced Migration is the movement of a person, family or large groups of

people due to a natural disaster like

flood, earthquake, tsunami, etc.

Sometimes people are forced to

migrate due to man-made disasters

like fire, drought, or terrorist activities. It

results in the loss of homes and jobs

for many people.

Story of Shyam

Shyam, a blacksmith of Chandusi in Uttar Pradesh, earned money bymaking tools for the farmers. His village was hit by a drought. The farmerslost their crops. There was no work for Shyam. He was forced to migrate toLucknow to earn money to feed his family of five members. He carries loads,works in dhabas or on construction sites.

In September 2014 the Kashmir valley was flooded. They floods were caused

by heavy rains and overflowing of River Jhelum. It was mainly a man-made

disaster. The mountains have become weak due to heavy construction.

Thousands of people lost their homes, shops, businesses, etc. The Indian military

and local authorities helped the victims. Thousands of people took shelter in relief

Shankar with his friends

going to Punjab

Do You Know?

The Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir and

Dhangers of Maharashtra are nomads.

They keep moving from one place to

another in search of food, water and

grazing grounds for their herds of sheeps,

goats, etc.

Do You Know?

Some people are forced to

migrate due to demolition of

illegal colonies.

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camps in mosques and gurudwaras. They were given food, medicines, clothes,

etc.

Hardships Faced by Migrants

The migrants face many problems as they have to move away from their

homes and families to other areas. The labourers move to cities for jobs and better

wages (salaries). They have to live without basic amenities like shelter, sanitation

or safe drinking water. The condition is worse when they migrate with their families.

The women have to work hard. The children do not get education. Many migrants

do not get any work and hence, start begging.

Joy of Migration

Migration is like a chain. If the first person who migrates sends “Happily Settled”

information to the loved ones, the others also migrate to the same country.

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Migration brings happiness to many people. They see new places, experience

climate that suits them, learn about new customs, traditions, cuisines, dresses,

dances, music, etc.

Animal Migration

Animals migrate with change in seasons. They migrate to find warmer weather,

better food supply or safe place to give birth to their young. Animals do not follow

a map or GPS. They know which direction to follow. They learn this from their

parents and have a special sense! Caribou live in snow-covered areas. They

migrate to warmer areas. Wildebeests of Africa migrate in search of green

pastures, crossing many crocodile filled rivers. This great migration is known as

one of the ‘‘Seven Wonders of the Natural World’’.

Migration of Wildebeests

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A. Tick (✓✓✓✓✓) the correct option:

1. What is regular movement of people from one place to another known as?

(a) Migration (b) Travelling (c) Movement

2. People were scared to travel abroad in olden times due to—

(a) Myths (b) Lack of money (c) Lack of transportation

3. What is migration due to natural disaster known as?

(a) Forced migration (b) Voluntary migration

(c) Seasonal migration

4. Growing crops on a new piece of land once the fertility gets exhausted

is—

(a) Seasonal agriculture (b) Shifting agriculture

(c) Commercial agriculture

B. Fill in the blanks:

Help Box

voluntary, chain, limited, mankind, Kashmir

1. and migration have been linked to each other since

ancient times.

2. migration is when people move to another place on their

own wish.

3. In September 2014 Valley saw devastating floods.

4. Migration is like a .

5. In earlier times migration was carried out within a area.

Something to Know

15

C. State whether True or False:

1. The settled life began only when the man became

a food producer.

2. People were scared to travel to far away places

in olden times.

3. The labourers move to cities for jobs and better

wages.

4. Migration brings happiness to many people.

5. Migrants are never happy.

D. Answer briefly:

1. What do you mean by the term ‘migration’?

2. What is shifting agriculture?

3. Name the two types of forced migration.

4. Name the river which caused floods in Kashmir in the year 2014.

5. Name two things that changed the orthodox thinking of people.

E. Answer the following questions:

1. Briefly highlight the three types of migration.

2. List three hardships that the migrants face.

3. ‘Migration brings happiness to many people.’ Explain with two examples.

4. Suppose you have to migrate to another city. List two preparations that

you will make.

5. What facilities are needed by people in case of a disaster?

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F. Solve the grid:

Circle 10 words related with the Chapter—Human Migration and list them down.One is done for you.

X N O M A D W A C H K M

P E M I G R A T I O N P

R M H A R D S H I P S P

Z P H A I P F A M I N E

U L K U C D A V R A P Z

M O C H U I I D M V R V

I Y B F L O O D S A N F

G M S T T A D P R V Q O

R E J V U S H E L T E R

A N M Q R M R D A U S C

N T D S E A S O N A L E

T A V L Q K H S G D S D

(a) Agriculture (f)

(b) (g)

(c) (h)

(d) (i)

(e) (j)

Heavy rains and floods caused a disaster in Meghalaya where your best friend

lives. After listening to the NEWS you want to help his family and the people,

who lost everything in the disaster. What kind of help can you offer in their

hour of need?

ALUEBased Question:

17

On a political map of India locate, label and colour the following:

• A northern state which witnessed floods in 2014.

• A state which witnessed Hud Hud floods.

• A state which supplies labour to agricultural states.

• A city that attracts migrants from rural areas.

1. Interview a rickshaw–puller in your city and find out the place that he belongs

to. List the hardships that he had to face when he migrated to the city.

2. Find out the names of some organisations that help the victims of natural

calamities.

3. Suppose one of your family members has to move away to a distant place,

what are things that he or she would be worried about?

4. Find out the difference between an immigrant and an emigrant.

5. About 4,000 species of birds are regular migrants. It is about 40 per cent ofthe total number of birds in the world! Birds that migrate across oceans spendup to 100 hours or more in the air at a singletime until they come to land!

Find out the names of three animals andthree birds who travel long distances tomigrate and then go back to their originalhomelands.

Map Skill

Something To do

18

Variation in Shelters3

Look at the pictures of the Bhimbetka rocks shelters of Madhya Pradesh. Theyare the ancient stone age rock shelters with paintings. These permanentsettlements are over 9000 years old. They are 700 in number and have around400 paintings. They give us a lot of information about the life, tools andimplements of the early man. The discovery of these caves has linked us to thepre-historic man. Isn’t it amazing!

History of Houses

Caves were the earliest form of shelter for man. When the early man gave uphunting and food gathering, he became a food producer. This was the beginningof agriculture. It brought a great change in his life and the type of dwellings. Nowhe started living a settled life close to the water bodies as he needed water for hiscrops and other domestic activities. He started building huts with branches andleaves of trees. Later on the early man discovered that the walls of the huts couldbe made with mud. These types of huts are still found in villages.

We have come a long way from the times when huts were the only type ofshelter. Today we have different types, sizes and designs of houses in differentparts of India. This regional variation in houses arises from differences in

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landforms, climate, materials available, for building a house and of course,money that one wants to spend on land and construction.

Types of Shelters on the Basis of Landforms

In Hilly areas houses are built with sloping roofs. It helps the snow and rainto slide off easily without damaging the roofs. Such houses are found in Srinagarand Shimla. The houses here are mainly made of cement, bricks and wood.

In Plains houses are built with thick walls and high, flat roofs to keep themcool in summers. The materials of construction are mainly cement and bricks.Many people sleep on the flat roofs in regions of high tempertaure like Rajasthan.In cities High-rise apartment buildings/flats are common because of limited landand large population.

People sleeping on the roof High-rise Apartments

House with sloping roof

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In Coastal areas and on Islands people build stilt houses. In the flood proneareas houses are made a few feet above the ground level to keep them dry. Onehas to climb 5-7 stairs to step inside the house. They keep the inhabitants safefrom wild animals. The flood water easily drains out from in between the stiltswithout damaging the house. Stilt houses are made of bamboo, wood and coconutshaft.

We live in a society because we aredependent on others for the fulfillmentof our needs. Community livingteaches us to care for others and sharefacilities like water, electricity, roads,markets, etc.

We need help in case of any disaster or trauma of losing a home or gettinginjured. A neighbourhood police station provides help and security. We also needservices of hospital, ambulance and doctor to provide first aid.

Do You Know?

Houses in earthquake prone

areas in Japan are built with

bamboo and wood to

minimise the damage to life

and property. Rebuilding of

such houses is not very

difficult.

Do You Know?

Most houses are built close

together as people like to live

in the company of others.

Stilt house

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Sharing Space with Neighbours

There was a farmer who grew the best quality corn. Every year he won manyprizes. Once a newspaper reporter interviewed him and learnt somethingvery interesting. The farmer shared his corn seeds with his neighbours.

‘How can you afford to share your corn seeds with your neighbours? Theyare also entering the same competition with you,’ the reporter asked.

‘Sir,’ said the farmer, ‘the wind picks up pollen from the ripening corn andswirls it from field to field. Hence, I share my corn seeds with all myneighbours so that we all grow good quality corn.’ How true!

You cannot improve the quality of your life unless your neighbour’s life

improves. Those who want happiness must help others to find happiness. The

welfare of each and every member of the society is necessary. The story highlights

the importance of our responsibility and teaches us community living. Create a

happy, safe and comfortable neighbourhood.

Do You Know?

The police encourages people to follow the Neighbourhood Watch

Plan. Any suspicious character or activity in the locality must be

reported by neighbours. It is a wonderful way of crime prevention

and ensuring safety of residents, especially the elderly members and

children.

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Do You Know?

Like human beings ants and bees also live in colonies. They work

collectively as a social unit. They divide their work between female

and male workers and the Queen.

Caring for Neighbours

Most people keep their own homes neat and tidy from inside but do nothesitate to throw the garbage on the street. Imagine the condition of streets ifeveryone acted in this manner. We must keep the same cleanliness standard forthe surroundings that we keep for our house. A clean neighbourhood does nothave garbage heaps, flies, mosquitoes and unpleasant smells.

As a good neighbour, we have some responsibilities. We should keep thevolume of radio and television low, especially at night. We should not use noisyequipments at night like washing machine or vacuum cleaner. We must informour neighbours in advance if we are having a party. We can also organise a car-pool with neighbours and share the parking space peacefully. Always be ready tohelp your neighbours in case of an emergency.

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A. Tick (✓✓✓✓✓) the correct option:

1. The number of Bhimbetka rock shelters is—

(a) 700 (b) 900 (c) 7000

2. Bamboo and wooden houses are found in—

(a) Plains (b) Desert (c) Earthquake prone areas

3. The earliest form of shelter for man were—

(a) Huts (b) Caves (c) Water bodies

4. Flat roof houses are found in regions of—

(a) High temperature (b) Low temperature (c) Polar region

5. The volume of radio/television at night should be kept—

(a) Low (b) High (c) None of these

B. Fill in the blanks:

Help Box

inhabitants, limited, dependent, car, sloping

1. We live in society because we are on others for

fulfillment of our needs.

2. Houses in hilly areas have roofs.

3. Stilt houses protect the from wild animals.

4. You can organise -pool with neighbours.

5. In cities, flats are common because of land and many

people.

Something to Know

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C. State whether True or False:

1. Huts were the earliest form of man-made shelter.

2. Bhimbetka rock shelters are 9000 years old.

3. The houses in the hilly areas have flat roof.

4. We must never help our neighbours in caseof emergency.

5. Most people do not hesitate to throw garbage on street.

D. Answer briefly:

1. What was the earliest form of shelter?

2. What are the walls of huts made of in villages?

3. Why are some houses built with thick walls and flat roofs?

4. Give two advantages of high-rise apartments.

5. What is the advantage of Neighbourhood Watch Plan?

E. Answer the following questions:

1. What information do we get from Bhimbetka rock shelters?

2. List the changes that occurred in the life of man when he became a foodproducer.

3. Give three reasons for regional variation in houses.

4. What are the responsibilities of a good neighbour?

5. Complete the table below:

LANDFORMS TYPES OF ROOFS MATERIAL USED STATE

Hilly

Plains

Coastal and Islands

Earthquake prone areas

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How will you initiate a Neighborhood Watch Plan in your society? What steps

are necessary to encourage the people to participate and follow this plan?

List two qualities that you would require to make the project a great success.

On a political map of India locate, label and colour the following:

• Two states where houseboats are used.

• One group of islands of Indian Union.

• State where Bhimbetka caves are located.

• One hilly state.

• One state situated along the Arabian sea.

1. Suppose you live in a houseboat. How will you fulfill your requirement of going

to school, buying vegetables, meeting your friends, etc.

2. You must have seen huts in slums. What basic amenities are missing from

such areas?

3. Observe your colony/village and write down the types of houses and materials

used to make them.

4. There is shortage of water in your neighbour’s house. How will you help

them?

Map Skill

ALUEBased Question:

Something To do