Group 1

Andes FerdinantoDebora AyuIis Sumarni

Kartika AmaliaNarsika Singgih

• Strong and weak forms are words which are pronounced whether in a stressed or an unstressed manner.

• The strong forms are those words that are pronounced in a stressed manner.

• And the weak forms are those words that are pronounced in an unstressed manner.

• Almost all the words which have both strong and weak form belong to a category that be called function words.

• Function words are words such as articles, auxilary verbs, prepositions, conjunctions, pronouns.

• Those function words are more frequently pronounced in their weak forms.

• But in certain circumstances, they are pronounced in their strong forms.

• The most common weak form examples are introduced as follows:– Articles• The Strong form : /ði:/

Weak forms : - /ðə/ (before consonants) /ðə mæn dId It/

- /ði/ (before vowels) /ði ɔ‘rIndʒ/

• A,an :

strong form: -/’eI/ / ðis Iz ‘eI pen/ - / ‘æn/

weak form :- /ə/ (before consonants) /ri:d ə ‘bʊk/ - /ən/ (before vowels) /ən apple/

PronounsShe

Strong form: /ʃi:/Weak form: /ʃI/

A: She doesn’t smoke or drink! (she is strong) B: Ah, that’s what she told you! (she is weak)

Themstrong form: / ðəm/ weak form: /ðem/when I said, ‘Give them a drink’ I didn’t mean them, I meant the people.(first them: weak, second them: strong)

WeStrong form: /wi:/weak form: /wI/

A: I’m afraid we can’t stay any longer (we is weak)B: What do you mean, ’we’? I’ve got plenty of time.

(we is strong)

Youstrong form: /ju:/weak form: /jә/

A: Will you be at the meeting on Friday? (you is weak)

B: Yes. Will you be there? (you is strong)

Her Strong form: /hɜ:/weak form: /ә/ or /hә/

A: Do you know that woman?B: Her? No, I don’t recognise her. (first her is strong, second

her is weak)

Hestrong form: /hi:/weak form: /I/

A: Is he there? (he is weak)B: Who?A: The boss.B: No. Everybody else is working, but he’s gone home!

(he is strong)

PrepositionsAt

Strong form: ætIn final position: what’s he shooting at?

‘wɒts i ‘ʃu:tɪŋ æt?Weak form: әt

I’ll see you at lunchaɪl ‘si: ju әt ‘lʌnʃ

ForStrong form:in final position: what’s that for?

‘wɒts ‘ðæt fɔ:?Weak form: fə (before consonants)

tea for two /’ti: fə tu:/fər (before vowels)thanks for asking /’θæŋks fər ‘ɑ:skɪŋ/

Somestrong form: it occurs before countable noun, meaning “an unknown individual”I think some animal broke itaɪ ‘θɪŋk sʌm ‘ænɪml ‘brəʊk ɪtin final position : I’ve got some

aɪv ‘gɒt sʌm

weak form: it’s used before uncountable noun, meaning “an unspecified amount of” and before other nouns in the plural, meaning “an unspecified number of”have some more tea‘hæv səm ‘mɔ: ‘ti:

Therestrong form: demonstrative function: ðeə (ðeər before vowels)put it there /pʊt ɪt ðeə/in final position: ðe or ðeəthere isn’t any, is there? ðə ‘ɪznt eni ‘ɪz ðeə

Weak form: ðə (before consonants), ðər (before vowels)there should be a rule / ðə ‘ʃʊd bi ə ‘ru:l/there is /ðər ‘ɪz/

Ofstrong form: ɒvin final position: someone I’ve heard of

‘sʌmwʌn aɪv ‘hɜ:d ɒvweak form: əvmost of all /məʊst əv ɔ:l/

Auxiliary VerbsCan , could

strong form: kæn , kʊdI think we can /aɪ ‘θɪŋk wi ‘kæn/most of them could / məʊst əv ðəm kʊd/weak form: kən, kədthey can wait /ðeɪ kən ‘weɪt/he could do it /’hi: kəd ‘du: ɪt/

Muststrong form:in final position: mʌst she certainly must / ʃI ‘sɜ:tnli ‘mʌst/weak form: conclusion or deduction (she left at 8 o’clock, so she must arrived by now)məs (before consonants) you must try harder /ju məs ‘traɪ hɑ:də/məst (before vowels) he must eat more /hi məst ‘i:t mɔ:/

Amstrong form (in final position): æmshe’s not as old as I am / ʃIz ‘nɒt əz ‘əʊld əz ‘aɪ æm/weak form: əmwhy am I here? /’waɪ əm aɪ ɪə?/

Arestrong form: ɑ:I know the Smiths are /aɪ ‘nəʊ ðə ‘smɪθs ɑ:/ weak form:ə (before consonants), here are the plates /ɪə ə ðə ‘pleɪts/ər (before vowels) , the coats are in there

Wasstrong form: wɒzthe last record wasweak form: wəzhe was here a minute ago

The rules of strong forms:1. When they occur at the end of a

sentenceEx : the word “of” has the weak form

“əv” - I’m fond of chips /aIm fɒnd əv

t∫Ips/

however, it has strong form “ɒv” - Chips are what I’m fond of /t∫Ips ə’

wɒt aIm fɒnd ɒv/

2. When a weak-form word is being contrasted with another word

Example :The letter’s from him, not to him

/ðə ‘letəz ‘frɒm Im, /nɒt ‘tu: Im/

In weak form, from is transcribed into /frəm/ and to is /tu/

3. When a weak-form word is given stress for the purpose of emphasis

Example :

You must give me more money/ju ‘mΛst ‘gIv mi ‘mɔ: ‘mΛnI/

In weak form, must is described into /məst/.

3. When a weak-form word is given stress for the purpose of emphasis

Example :

You must give me more money/ju ‘mΛst ‘gIv mi ‘mɔ: ‘mΛnI/

In weak form, must is described into /məst/.

3. When a weak-form word is given stress for the purpose of emphasis

Example :

You must give me more money/ju ‘mΛst ‘gIv mi ‘mɔ: ‘mΛnI/

In weak form, must is described into /məst/.

3. When a weak-form word is given stress for the purpose of emphasis

Example :

You must give me more money/ju ‘mΛst ‘gIv mi ‘mɔ: ‘mΛnI/

In weak form, must is described into /məst/.

3. When a weak-form word is given stress for the purpose of emphasis

Example :

You must give me more money/ju ‘mΛst ‘gIv mi ‘mɔ: ‘mΛnI/

In weak form, must is described into /məst/.

What will be, will be. So don’t be worried.

I am not. But what am I supposed to do.

Weak form:

‘wɒt wəl bi: wəl bi: | səʊ dəʊnt bi ‘wΛrId

aI m nɒt | bət ‘wɒt əm aI sə‘pəʊzd tə du

Strong form:

‘wɒt ‘wIl ‘bi: ‘wIl ‘bi: | ‘səʊ ‘dəʊnt ‘bi ‘wΛrId

‘aI æm ‘nɒt | ‘bΛt ‘wɒt æm ‘aI sə‘pəʊzd ‘tu:‘du:

I have to have a drink. What of you got?

We’ve got coffee and tea.

Weak forms:

aI həv tə həv ə ‘drIŋk | ‘wɒt həv ju ‘gɒt

Wi v gɒt ‘kɒfi | ən ‘ti:

Strong forms:

‘aI ‘hæv ‘tu: ‘hæv ‘eI ‘drIŋk | ‘wɒt ‘ɒv ‘ju: ‘gɒt

‘Wi v gɒt ‘kɒfi | ‘ænd ‘ti:

The use of strong and weak forms:- The strong form is usually being used by

some foreigners.- Most of British English native speakers use

the weak forms.