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Liner Hanger Selection

A Guide for Drilling and Completion Engineers



Disclaimer This document has been developed to help drilling and completion engineers identify the liner hanger equipment best suited for their applications. All information, ratings, and recommendations are based onassumptions that may not apply to your specific objectives or well conditions; therefore, Weatherfordrecommends that you use this document only as a starting point for communications with Weatherford aboutyour liner needs. Then contact the authorized Weatherford representative for liner systems in your area todesign the system that is best for your application: www.weatherford.com.

This document does not cover all of Weatherford's liner hanger equipment; it covers the most readily availableequipment that is suited for conventional l iner applications. Your area's Weatherford liner systemsrepresentative may recommend other equipment that is better suited to the region or the application.



Liner Hanger Selection 1st ed. May 2006

ContentsIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Liner Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Intermediate (Drilling) Liners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Production Liners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Drill-Down Liners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Extended-Reach Liners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Components of a Liner Hanger System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Liner-Top Packers/Liner Setting Sleeves and Tie-Back PBRs. . . . . . . . 6

Liner-Top Packers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Liner Setting Sleeves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Liner Hangers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Mechanical Liner Hangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Hydraulic Liner Hangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Cement Displacement Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Cementing Packoffs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Liner Wiper Plugs, Drillpipe Darts and Landing Collars. . . . . . . . . . 14

Liner Accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Holddown Subs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Centralizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Multi-Stage Cementing Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

ACP™ Annulus Casing Packers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Float Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Reamer Shoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

DrillShoe™ Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Liner Tie-Backs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Tie-Back Seal Stems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Tie-Back Packers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Liner Hanger Selection Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Contents

© 2006-2010 Weatherford. All rights reserved. 1



3© 2006-2010 Weatherford. All rights reserved.Liner Hanger Selection 1st ed. May 2006

IntroductionDesigning a liner hanger installation can be complexbecause it involves many variables; but the followingselection criteria are essential:

Size, weight, grade, and setting depth of casing

Size, weight, grade, connections, and length of liner

Setting depth of liner hanger

Inclination of liner hanger

Proposed trajectory of liner wellbore

Size and weight of drillpipe

Liner application

Completion/stimulation operations after the liner isinstalled

Loads applied to the liner hanger from the liner weight and fromhydraulic operations

Completion and/or wellbore fluids to which the liner may be exposed

Pressures and temperatures to which liner equipment may be exposed

All of these considerations must go into the design of a liner system thatwill meet your needs while remaining within the operational capabilities

of the equipment.

Introduction



Liner Hanger Selection 1st ed. May 2006 5© 2006-2010 Weatherford. All rights reserved.

Liner ApplicationsLiners have many applications and are run for various reasons. For example, they may be the best technical or operational alternative; they may be a cost- or time-saving alternative to casing; or they may help mitigate risk tothe well or the environment.

Intermediate liners (also called drilling liners) hang or support an intermediate casing string. The liner shoe ismeant to be drilled out so that another liner or casing string can be conveyed through it.

Because intermediate liners are drilled through, it is possible for them to have a drilling tie-back seal stem stabbedinto them. The effective flow area at the liner top changes drastically, without a drilling tie-back seal stem, whichwill cause inefficient removal of the cuttings; using a tie-back seal stem aids removal of cuttings.

These liners are almost always cemented to isolate formations behind them from wellbore fluids. Most are runwith a liner-top packer to improve the isolation. Changing wellbore fluids may generate additional load on this typeof liner; depending on how the production casing, liner, and tubing are deployed, it is possible that these may seeadditional forces during completion operations.

Production liners are used to hang production casing. Depending on the final well configuration and anycompletion or stimulation requirements, production liners will probably be exposed to more loads and for longer periods than any other type of liner.

Production liners must be compatible with completion products such as completion packers. They must be able towithstand additional loads imposed by completion/production enhancement operations (frac jobs or temperaturecycles). They must also be compatible with all fluids and gases to which they will be exposed, including kill fluids,

acid, hydrogen sulfide (H S), and carbon dioxide (CO ).2 2

Production liners may be cemented, or they may carry pre-perforated pipe or screens. These liners are usually(but not always) run with a liner-top packer, depending on the completion and the type of well.

Drill-down liners are used to drill some of the hole in which they are deployed. They are run with a DrillShoe™drilling assembly rather than a guide shoe or float shoe. In addition to hanging capacity and loads applied to thesystem, considerable torque is applied to the running tool, liner-top packer/liner setting sleeve, and liner hanger with liner in compression.

Extended-reach liners are extremely long production liners. The biggest challenge they pose is deployment. Inmany cases limiting factors will be the rig, the pressure to which you can expose the formation, and the pressurepiston effect and collapse pressure of the liner.

Intermediate (Drilling) Liners

Production Liners

Drill-Down Liners

Extended-Reach Liners

Liner Applications



6 © 2006-2010 Weatherford. All rights reserved. Liner Hanger Selection 1st ed. May 2006

Components of a Liner Hanger System

Components of a Liner Hanger System A typical liner hanger system consists of the following components:

Liner-top polished bore receptacle (PBR), also known as a tie-backsleeve or tie-back extension

Liner-top packer or liner setting sleeve

Liner hanger

Cement displacement system consisting of cementing packoff,wiper plug, drillpipe dart, and landing collar

Float collar

Float shoe

Running tools are also required for running the liner hanger to bottom,setting it, executing a cement job, and setting the liner-top packer (if applicable). A typical liner running-tool string will consist of thefollowing:

Debris protection system

Packer setting tool

Liner running tool

Retrievable cementing packoff

Plug adaptor

Wiper plug

Liner-Top Packers/Liner Setting Sleeves and Tie-Back PBRs

All liners consist of either a liner-top packer or a liner setting sleeve, which connects the liner to the running tool. All liner-top packers and most setting sleeves also are used in conjunction with a tie-back polished borereceptacle (PBR).

For many reasons liner-top packers are used to isolate the liner top after the hanger is set and cementingoperations are completed:

Isolation of formation pressure below the liner-top from the casing ID above

Isolation of treating pressures below the liner-top during fracture or acid work

Isolation of formation fluids while the cement sets, helping to stop gas migrationIsolation of lost-circulation zones

The only isolation above the production zone in uncemented liners

The liner-top packer can also be used as a tie-back completion or production packer.

A liner setting sleeve is used as an alternative to a liner-top packer and provides the means by which the runningtool deploys the liner. A PBR is attached for tying back the liner either to surface, with a tie-back packer, or with ascab liner.

Liner-Top Packers

Liner Setting Sleeves




Weatherford Liner-Top Packers

Weatherford has three types of liner-top packers:

The TSP4 liner-top packer is a premium packer that is suited for most applications. The packer features holddown slips and anelement that is rated to 7,500 psi (48.3 MPa) at 300°F (149°C) inmost sizes. The packer is set by setting down weight through thetie-back PBR. The PBR also supplies a means for liner tie-back

operations. It is available with a profile for either the R or the HNGrunning tool. It is also available with a high-pressure packing elementwith a differential pressure rating that exceeds 7,500 psi (51.7 MPa).

The TSP5 liner-top packer is identical to the TSP4 except that it islock-wired to the PBR; that is, the PBR cannot be backed off even if the liner is rotated aggressively down to depth. This packer is idealfor drilldown or extended-reach applications.

The WCTSP4 liner-top packer is set by setting down weight on thePBR in the same manner as with the TSP4 and TSP5 liner-top

packers. The WCTSP4 is available with or without holddown slipsand with profiles for either the R or the HNG running tool. Theelement is rated for 5,000 psi (34.5 MPa) at 300°F (149°C) and isideal for any application that does not exceed this differential

TSP4 Liner-Top Packer

TSP5 Liner-Top Packer

WCTSP4 Liner-Top Packer


WCTSP4 liner-top packer with HNG running tool profile

7© 2006-2010 Weatherford. All rights reserved.



8 © 2006-2010 Weatherford. All rights reserved. Liner Hanger Selection 1st ed. May 2006


Liner Hangers

Most liner hangers can be categorized by their setting mechanism, which is either hydraulic or mechanical.Hangers can be further defined by other features or abilities, such as the number of cones and the ability to rotateafter the hanger has been set.

Cones. In general, a greater number of cones means increased hanging capacity, but it also means longer andmore expensive assemblies.

Liner system design takes into account more parameters than hanging capacity such as additional loads appliedto the liner hanger. A 7-in. liner hanger that can accommodate an 800,000-lbf (3,559-kN) load in 9 5/8-in.,47-lb/ft N-80 casing may carry 7-in., 29-lb/ft L-80 pipe that is only good for 676,000-lbf (3,007-kN). The additional

hanging capacity may be required to prevent the hanger from failing should pressure be applied to the liner top.Weatherford's liner hangers are designed to maximize hanging capacity to carry long liners while supportingpressure-induced loads.

Rotating versus non-rotating liner hangers. Rotating-style hangers feature a bearing that allows the liner hanger body to rotate independently of the slips and cone. This capability allows rotation of the liner after the slipshave been set into the host casing. Rotation of the liner during cementation significantly improves the quality of the cement bond.

Rotatable versus non-rotatable liner hangers. Rotatable liner hangers can be rotated to bottom, depending onthe liner hanger design and the type of running tool used—not on the liner hanger itself. Conventional mechanicalliner hangers that rely on drag springs for setting are non-rotatable, as rotation before setting the hanger candamage the drag springs.

Protected slips. Protected slips are slips that are protected inside recesses in the liner hanger. This design

shields them from damage even if the liner is worked vigorously to reach setting depth. Protected slips arepreferred for drilldown or ream-down applications, where damage to the slips is more likely.

A mechanical liner hanger is set by string manipulation. The simplest mechanical liner hanger setting feature is aJ mechanism. This design is easy to operate and reliably sets the hanger: It is picked up and rotated in the settingdirection (usually right); then weight is slacked down on the hanger to set it.

The main advantage of mechanical liner hangers over hydraulic models is the absence of a port in the body totransmit setting pressure.

The main disadvantage of mechanical liner hangers is that deploying them to bottom and in deviated and/or extremely deep wells can be difficult. With mechanical liner hangers, manipulating the liner with the drillpipethrough tight spots and setting it are difficult tasks. Rotation while running in hole can be problematic and can

damage the setting mechanism (drag spring). In addition, setting mechanical liner hangers is difficult—if notimpossible—should the liner become stuck.

Mechanical Liner Hangers





Weatherford Mechanical Liner Hangers

Weatherford’s four main mechanical liner hangers are the CSM, CTM,CRM, and PMR.

The C-series single-cone mechanical (CSM) liner hanger features asingle cone and a right-hand setting mechanism. It is easy to operateand has adequate hanging capacity for medium to long liners.

The C-series tandem-cone mechanical (CTM) liner hanger featurestandem cones and a right-hand setting mechanism. It functionsidentically to the CSM liner hanger but provides twice the hangingcapacity, which is ideal for all but the longest liners.

The C-series rotating mechanical (CRM) liner hanger features a singlecone, a right-hand setting mechanism, and a bearing. The bearingallows for rotation of the liner after the hanger is set. The CRMfunctions identically to the CSM and has the same hanging capacity,but it also allows rotation of the liner after the hanger is set.

The premium mechanical rotating (PMR) liner hanger features tandemcones, protected slips, and a heavy-duty bearing. It is Weatherford'stop-of-the-line mechanical liner hanger. The PMR functions identicallyto the other mechanical liner hangers but has greater hangingcapacity, a heavy-duty bearing, and protected slips.

CSM Liner Hanger

CTM Liner Hanger

CRM Liner Hanger

PMR Liner Hanger


C-series rotating mechanical (CRM) liner hanger



10 © 2006-2010 Weatherford. All rights reserved.


Hydraulic Liner Hangers

A hydraulic liner hanger is set by differential pressureacross the hydraulic cylinder in the liner hanger. Toprevent the hanger from pre-setting during deployment,the hydraulic cylinder is shear-pinned in place. Usuallythe maximum circulating pressure before the hanger isset is 50 percent of this setting pressure. A typical settingprocedure for a hydraulic liner hanger requires droppinga ball, landing the ball on seat, pressuring up against itto activate the liner hanger, and then slacking downweight on the liner hanger.

The main advantage of hydraulic liner hangers over mechanical models is that they can be set in high-angleand/or extremely deep wells because drillstring or liner manipulation is not required to activate them. Unlikemechanical models, hydraulic liner hangers do notfeature drag springs; therefore, they can be rotated andreciprocated to bottom with the correct running tools.



© 2006-2010 Weatherford. All rights reserved. 11Liner Hanger Selection 1st ed. May 2006


Weatherford Hydraulic Liner Hangers

Weatherford’s five main hydraulic liner hangers are the PHR, PHS,CSH, CTH, and CRH.

The premium hydraulic rotating (PHR) liner hanger is Weatherford'stop-of-the-range liner hanger. It features protected slips, a heavy-dutybearing, and tandem cones. It has the highest hanging capacity of allWeatherford liner hangers and can be deployed in even the most

challenging wells. The hanger can be rotated after the slips is set andis typically run in conjunction with a rotating running tool, which allowsvigorous rotation of the liner to bottom. The PHR liner hanger is idealfor drilldown and extended-reach liners.

The premium hydraulic static (PHS) liner hanger is almost identical tothe PHR; however, it does not feature a bearing and does not allowrotation of the liner after the hanger is set.

Weatherford's C-series single-cone hydraulic (CSH) liner hanger has asingle cone and is suitable for medium to long liners. It can be rotated

during deployment; but, with its unprotected slips, the CSH liner hanger is not ideal for drilldown or ream-down applications.

Weatherford's C-series tandem-cone hydraulic (CTH) liner hanger hastandem cones and is suitable for all but the longest liners. It can berotated during deployment; but, with its unprotected slips, the CTH liner hanger is not ideal for drilldown or ream-down applications.

Weatherford's C-series rotating-cone hydraulic (CRH) liner hanger hasa single cone and a bearing. It allows rotation of the liner after the

hanger has been set and is suitable for medium to long liners. TheCRH liner hanger can be rotated during deployment; but, with itsunprotected slips, the CRH liner hanger is not suitable for drilldown or ream-down applications.

PHR Liner Hanger

PHS Liner Hanger

CSH Liner Hanger

CTH Liner Hanger

CRH Liner Hanger

C-series single-cone hydraulic (CSH) liner hanger





Cement Displacement Systems

A liner cement displacement system consists of a cementing packoff, a liner wiper plug, a drillpipe dart, and alanding collar. Each component aids the cementing operation.

A retrievable cementing packoff is used to provide a seal between the liner ID and the running string OD. The sealensures that cement passes through the liner shoe and also allows for use of pressure to set hydraulic hangers.The main advantage of a retrievable cementing packoff over a drillable one is time savings: No drill-out isnecessary. Weatherford's three retrievable cementing packoffs are the RSM, the RKC, and the PBR.

Cementing Packoffs



Liner Hanger Selection 1st ed. May 2006 13© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.

Remote-control top-drivecementing head (RC-TDH)


Weatherford Cementing Heads

Weatherford has three types of cementing heads that it uses to cementliners, including two top-drive cementing heads (the TDH and theRC-TDH) and one rotary rig-type cementing head (the LW).

The TDH is one of the premium cementing heads on the market. Itfeatures two dart valves (so that two darts can be launched), a ballreleaser, and a flag indicator sub. It also features a premium swivel so

that, as the head is being rotated by the top drive, the connectedcement line remains static. The TDH has been DNV certified, and thecertification process for current models is under way. The ball releaser and dart valves are all hand operated with wheels on the outside of thecementing head.

The RC-TDH is the market leader. It has all features of the TDH, butthe ball release, dart valves, and indicator sub are all actuated byremote control to significantly enhance safety. The RC-TDH also savestime because rotation can continue as balls and darts are released andthe indicator sub is re-set.

The LW cementing head is designed for use with rotary-based rigs;therefore it features a swivel assembly beneath all of its primarycomponents. The LW also features a single dart valve and ball releaser and can be fitted with a separate indicator sub. The ball releaser anddart valve are hand operated with wheels on the outside of thecementing head.

Top-Drive Cementing Head (TDH)

Remote-Control Top-Drive Cementing Head (RC-TDH)

Lightweight (LW) Cementing Head



Liner Hanger Selection 1st ed. May 200614 © 2006-2010 Weatherford. All rights reserved.


Liner Wiper Plugs, Drillpipe Darts andLanding Collars

A liner wiper plug is used as a mechanical barrier between the cement and the displacement fluid. Itdisplaces the cement and also wipes the liner ID,removing any cement or debris that may be clingingto it.

A drillpipe dart acts nearly identically to a wiper plugexcept that it displaces the cement in the drillpipeand wipes the drillpipe ID. The drillpipe dart lands in

the liner wiper plug and is used to launch it from thebottom of the running tools. The drillpipe dart featuresan anti-rotation ring, which locks it in position when itlatches into the wiper plug.

A landing collar is used to stop the wiper plugbefore it reaches the float equipment. All sizes andmodels of landing collars feature an anti-rotationmechanism; most sizes and models also feature alatch-down design that provides a positive seal inboth directions.



15© 2006-2010 Weatherford. All rights reserved.Liner Hanger Selection 1st ed. May 2006


Single wiper plug (SWP)with ball seat

Liner wiper plug (LWP)

Weatherford Liner Wiper Plugs, Drillpipe Darts* andLanding Collars

SWP Single Wiper Plug with Ball Seat, Drillpipe Dart and LandingCollar Lite

DWP Dual Wiper Plug with Ball Seat, Drillpipe Dart and LandingCollar Lite

LWP Liner Wiper Plug, Drillpipe Dart and HLC Landing Collar

FLWP Liner Wiper Plug and FLWP Landing Collar

TMSub-Surface Release Wiper Plugs, Drillpipe Darts and507P Landing Collar

Weatherford's SWP with ball seat is the premium single liner wiper plug. The ball seat in the wiper plug helps land the ball on seat even inthe most deviated liner applications.

The DWP with ball seat is Weatherford's premium dual liner wiper plugsystem. It consists of a plug that is launched in front of the cement anda plug that is launched behind the cement. The ball seat in the plughelps land the ball on seat.

The LWP is a single liner wiper plug without ball seat. It is used inconjunction with an HLC landing collar, which typically has a ball seatthat is used to activate hydraulic liner hangers and running tools. TheLWP is applicable for wells without excessive deviation.

The FLWP wiper plug is a full-length wiper plug (or drillpipe dart) thatwipes the ID of the liner and the drillpipe. It typically is run as a dualplug system but can also be run as a single plug. The landing collar comes complete with a catcher tube and ball seat.

Sub-Surface Release plugs are the best plugs for displacing cement inliners larger than 8-5/8 in. They come in various designs, and bothsingle and dual liner wiper plug models are available. These plugstypically are used with the 507P landing collar.

*Weatherford’s drillpipe darts should only be used in strings that meetthe following criteria: 1) any ID transition of 1 in. or more must be 30°or less; and 2) any ID transition of less than 1 in. must be 45° or less.




Liner Accessories

Liner Accessories

Weatherford produces numerous liner accessories, the most common beingholddown subs, float equipment, and centralizers; but multi-stage cementaccessories and ACP™ annulus casing packers are also frequently used.

A holddown sub is used to prevent the liner from being unset and pushed upthe well by hydrostatic or frictional forces. It also can be used to giveadditional indication of release of the running tool. The main applications arelight liners and liners run in conjunction with an inner string.

A centralizer is used to help centralize the string during cementing to ensuregood cementation and help prevent differential sticking. Weatherford

®manufactures several kinds of centralizers—from the SpiraGlider model tosolid-body and conventional bow-spring versions. Centralizer placement can

®be designed and optimized using Weatherford's proprietary CentraPro Plussoftware.

These accessories are used for unconventional cementation process andinclude hydraulically actuated stage collars and mechanically actuated port

collars. They are usually used to cement above an ACP packer and preventthe cement from traveling below it.

A hydraulic stage collar decreases operating time but also requires drill-out(It is closed by a plug) and allows for only one stage collar to be used. Amechanical port collar does not require drill-out but requires a morecomplex operation, which includes an inner string.

An annulus casing packer can be used as a mid-string packer and is inflatedwith either mud or cement, depending on the application. In some formationshydrostatic pressure from the cement can fracture very long cemented liners;but the annulus casing packer provides a reliable seal to protect the liner. An

annulus casing packer can also be used for added isolation of problemformations or water-producing formations.

Holddown Subs

Centralizers

Multi-Stage Cementing Accessories

ACP™ Annulus Casing Packers

SHE holddown sub




Liner Accessories

Float Equipment

Reamer Shoes

DrillShoe™ Tools

Weatherford produces numerous types of float equipment, including Model402 float collars and Model 323/329 float shoes, which are ideal for liner applications. These float equipment items include the Sure-Seal 3™ valve,which meets API requirement RP10Fs for float equipment.

Weatherford also manufactures auto-fill, differential-fill, and surge-reducingfloat equipment. These types of equipment can be used to reduce runningtime, as liner and drillpipe joints do not have to be filled. These types of equipment can also be used to protect the formation from damage inducedby surge forces.

Weatherford produces the Diamondback™ reamer shoe, which can beused to ream the liner through difficult sections, such as swelling shaleformations. The reamer shoe can feature up to two Sure-Seal 3 valves andcomes complete with carbide cutting structures to help open tight spots inthe well. If getting the liner to bottom is a concern, Weatherford highlyrecommends that a Diamondback reamer shoe be run in conjunction witheither a Weatherford PHR or PHS liner hanger.

A Weatherford DrillShoe assembly can be used in conjunction with a liner to drill additional hole, the length of which depends on the DrillShoe modeland the type of formation.

Model 402 float collar withSure-Seal 3 valve

Weatherford’s DrillShoe IIdrilling assembly




Liner Accessories

Liner Tie-Backs

Sometimes it is necessary to tie a liner back into an existing liner.Weatherford offers several liner tie-back products.

A tie-back seal stem is fitted with molyglass seals and creates an effectiveseal with the liner-top PBR. Applications for tie-back seal stems includetemporary tie-back liners (drilling tie-backs), scab liners, cemented tie-backliners, and tie-back packers that use top-set liner-top packers. Some sealstems feature cementing ports between two of the seal stacks so that the tie-back string can be cemented in place.

A tie-back packer features a seal stem, a packing element, holddown slips,and a liner-top PBR. It is run as a second-trip packer when a liner that wasrun with a setting sleeve requires liner-top isolation. It is also run as a backupin case the original liner-top packer leaks. In most cases a tie-back packer isa reliable and cost-effective alternative to an expensive liner-top squeeze.

Tie-Back Seal Stems

Tie-Back Packers

Weatherford Tie-Back Packers

Weatherford runs two types of tie-back packers: those consisting of a

seal stem with a standard liner-top packer and those consisting of abottom-set tie-back packer run in conjunction with a setting sleeve andliner-top PBR.

Weatherford's BSP is a premium tie-back packer that is set by slackingdown weight on the running tool and through the setting sleeve. Theweight pushes the external components of the BSP against the liner-topPBR, setting the packing element and holddown slips.

BSP tie-back packer




Liner Hanger Selection Process


Liner Hanger Selection ProcessWhile liner hanger system design is complex, with numerous variables, the following guidelines should help youunderstand the issues to consider for your liner applications. The guidelines are based on assumptions thatinclude host casing size and weight, liner size and weight, and buoyancy factors; but many pressure andtemperature factors have not been taken into consideration. An authorized Weatherford liner hanger representative will help finalize the design that is right for your well.

Hydraulic or mechanical liner hanger. Ease of setting and lowest risk are the determining factors in theselection of a hydraulic or mechanical liner hanger. If the hanger is to be set extremely deep (more than 10,000 ft,or 3,048 m), or if the hanger is to be set in or below a moderately deviated section (more than 30°), a hydraulicliner hanger is recommended. Setting a mechanical liner hanger under these conditions would be difficult. Inaddition, if a liner must be worked down to depth, a conventional mechanical hanger should be ruled out.

For all other applications, either a hydraulic or a mechanical liner hanger can be used.Single- or tandem-cone liner hanger. If the liner weight plus additional loads that may be applied to the hanger exceeds the hanging capacity of a single-cone hanger, a tandem-cone model may be required. If the total loadapplied exceeds the capacity of a tandem-cone hanger, a premium hanger (such as the PHR, PHS, or PMRhanger) is needed.

Working down the liner. If the liner must be reamed, drilled down, or worked through difficult formations, a PHRor a PHS hanger is the best choice.

Ball seat location. If any part of the liner is in a highly deviated section (more than 60°), Weatherfordrecommends locating the ball seat in the wiper plug or in the running tools (achievable with the MX mechanicallyexpanded ball seat). SWP or DWP wiper plugs are recommended for this type of application.

For most other applications a ball seat in the landing collar will suffice; however, for larger liners, where the liner ID is greater than three times the ball OD, a ball seat in the landing collar may be difficult.

Other factors. Most other factors for selecting a liner hanger and related components are driven more by theclient than by any property of the liner. These factors are beyond the scope of this document.

The flow charts that follow capture the process of liner hanger selection.






Is the liner longer thanthe

?single-cone

critical length

YesTandem cone

NoSingle cone

Would rotation of the LHimprove the cement bond?


NoTandem-conenon-rotating

LH

NoCasing-bodied

single-conehydraulic (CSH)

LH

Does the liner have to beworked or reamed downvigorously, or is the liner

longer than the?tandem-cone critical length

Does the liner have to beworked or reamed down

vigorously?

NoCasing-bodied,

tandem-cone hydraulic(CTH) LH

NoCasing-bodied,

rotating hydraulic(CRH) LH

YesPremium hydraulic static

(PHS) LH

YesPremium hydraulic

rotating(PHR) LH


rotating(PHR) LH

YesRotating LH

Size (in.) 4-1/2 x 7 5 x 7 5-1/2 x 7-5/8 7 x 9-5/8 7-5/8 x 9-5/8

Single-Cone (ft/m )3,609

1,100

3,117

950

3,281

1,000

Tandem-Cone (ft/m )7,218

2,200

6,234

1,900

6,562

2,000

11,811

3,600

5,905

1,800

4 1/2- x 7-in., 5 1/2- x 7 5/8-in., 7- x 9 5/8-in., and 7 5/8- x 9 5/8-in.Hydraulic-Set Liner Hangers

Liner Hanger Critical Lengths

Note: Weatherford liner hangers can, in some cases, support significantly longer strings of casing than indicated. Thevalues shown were calculated based on extremely challenging parameters.






9 5/8- x 13 3/8-in. and 13 3/8- x 16-in.Large-Bore Hydraulic-Set Liner Hangers

9 5/8- x 11 3/4-in., 11 3/4- x 13 3/8-in., and 16- x 20-in.Large-Bore Hydraulic-Set Liner Hangers



rotating(PHR) LH

NoPremium hydraulic

static (PHS)LH

Premium hydraulicstatic (PHS)

LH

Premium hydraulic static(PHS) liner hanger



515 Post Oak Blvd., Suite 600Houston, Texas 77027 USATel: 713-693-4000

Weatherford products and services are subject to the Company’s standard termsand conditions, available on request or at www.weatherford.com. For moreinformation contact an authorized Weatherford representative. Unless notedotherwise, trademarks and service marks herein are the property of Weatherford.Specifications are subject to change without notice

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