Web 2.00 & Geoinformation

Pascal Brackman

Wikinomics

Twenty years from now we will look back to this period of the early twenty-first century as a critical point in economic and social history. We will understand that we entered a new age, one based on new principles, worldviews, and business models where the nature of the game was changed.

Don Tapscott & Anthony Williams, 2006, Wikinomics p. 19

What’s Web 2.00

What’s Web 1.00 (let’s have a look)

• What’s so exciting about web 2.0

RSS/Atom

Mashup

What’s Web 2.00

5 key characteristics of Web 2.00

Yakov Ben-HaimInformation analyst, Engineer, Economist, Philosopher

Is there more than standard “business as usual” going on?

prosumers

It’s not (all) about money

• “Why do programmers devote huge parts of their lives to building Linux without any direct monetary compensation”

• Linus Torvald: “If you were a software engineer you wouldn’t even ask that question. For an engineer, when you solve some technical problem, the hairs just stand up on the back of your neck, it’s so exhilirating. Thjat feeling is what drives me.”

(1/5) Communication

An example: 1) http://www.routeyou.com/route/view/3291/wandelroute-cholera-london-route.en2) http://www.routeyou.com/group/view/686/amicale-cyclo-yffiniac.fr 3) http://www.routeyou.com/group/view/3884/cyclo-sportives.nl

RSS/Atom

(2/5) (Dynamic) Content on demandCreated by professionals, prosumers, community

Example: 1) http://www.routeyou.com/route/search/all/2) http://www.routeyou.com/page/view/463/

(3/5) Direct Response & interaction

Tariq Krim

Example: http://www.routeyou.com/route/quickplanner/bike/otn-route-quickplanner-type-bike.nl

Clay Shirky

• Author of “Here comes everybody”

Biggets difference: Anyone who wants to participate has the means to participate

(4/5) Using the (community) network:

Tim O'Reilly

•Build applications that harness network effects to get better the more people use them.

An example: http://www.routeyou.com/route/search/all/search-for-a-route.en

The network effect

Why this is getting boring

The network effect: Theodore Vail

Theodore Vail: telephone industrialist (19th century)

Potential pairs

X: MembersY: Potential connections

An example: http://www.routeyou.com/group/view/3236/devon-walkscouk.enhttp://www.routeyou.com/group/overview.en

Analysis may 2007

y = 59,773e0,0149x

R2 = 0,7364

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Expon. (Series1)

Realising or not realising Tim O'Reilly’s concepts

Visitors/day extrapolation

y = 0,993x + 102,32

R2 = 0,0687

y = 87,442e0,0089x

R2 = 0,1383

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5000do

. 28

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23-2

(5/5)CONNECT – COLLABORATE -CREATE

• Collective intelligence –> The Global Brain

(5/5) Mashup principle: don’t reinvent the wheel but link, integrate, and create added valueexpanding further the Global Brain

The Internet is bringing us toward some sort of worldwide mind. Bloom believes we've had one all along.Emergence is about the theme of bottom-up organization who are creating incredible complex and good working systems.

RouteYou: A Meshup

• An example– http://www.routeyou.com/group/view/4339/gids-

van-gentbrugge.nl

A great Mashup ExampleSeeHistory

http://lookbackmaps.net/index.php?page=blog&blog_id=12

The Global Brain

Information by association

Paul Otlet

Hyperlinking

Timothy Berners-Lee(CERN)

The Global Brain

• In 1906 Galton visited a livestock fair and stumbled upon an intriguing contest.

• An ox was on display, and the villagers were invited to guess the animal's weight after it was slaughtered and dressed.

• Nearly 800 gave it a go and, not surprisingly, not one hit the exact mark: 1,198 pounds.

• Astonishingly, however, the mean of those 800 guesses came close — very close indeed. It was 1,197 pounds.

Francis Galton

A wise crowd/community is not GIVEN: you have to do something for it

•Diversity of opinion: • Each person should have private information even if it's just an eccentric interpretation of the

known facts.•Independence:

• People's opinions aren't determined by the opinions of those around them.•Decentralization:

• People are able to specialize and draw on local knowledge.•Aggregation:

• Some mechanism exists for turning private judgments into a collective decision.

Web 2.00 & some basics

How nature shaped us/played us

Let me be part of the groupI want affection

Do you see me? Selection/standing out/vanity

Leaving something behindLiving forever

Dunbar’s number = 148

Social group

Neocortex

Anthropologist Robin Dunbar

Trying to avoid Dunbar’s number

Prepare yourself and base yourself on others views

Trying to avoid Dunbar’s number

Simplify the world

Trying to avoid Dunbar’s number

Use technology to connect/stay in touch with as many as possible

Let the system work:The Whopper Sacrifice Case

Jan 2009: “eliminate 10 friends for a whopper” via the Facebook's developer platform

5 key characteristics of Web 2.00

1. Communication (min 2 way)2. Dynamic content3. Direct Response & interaction (see your result)4. Using the (community) network to get better5. Building bottom-up – Mashups - “the Global Brain”

Just to make it really clear: A non-IT example of

Web 1.00 & Web 2.00

In the past, Boeing gave orders like a drill sergeant, and suppliers

complied. Rarely did it matter if the supplier had a better idea – Boeing wanted the component

built exactly as specified. This tim, Boeing has given all its major

partners a vote in matters that afect them.

Don Tapscott & Anthony Williams, 2006, Wikinomics p. 238

Wikinomics API

There are always more smart people outside your enterprise boundaries than there are

inside. By opening their APIs companies create an environment for low-risk experimentation…

Don Tapscott & Anthony Williams, 2006, Wikinomics p. 19

Education - MIT

• All lectures are freely available on the Web from MIT… And they don’t loose students… They gain students….

• The California Open Source Textbook Project

Other views on Web 2.00 …

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmjS37zDbPY&feature=related

Other views …

(1/3)Jaron Lanier: “Collective stupidity”

(computer scientist, composer & author)

Collaborative communities such as flickr,MySPace, and Wikipedia represent a new form of

“online collectivism” that is suffocating authentic voices in a muddled and anonymous

tide of mass mediocrity.

Collective stupidity

Pascal Brackmanv.1.01

Wikinomics : it’s not

Douglas Ruhkoff

(2/3) The product online is not the content, the product online in you

Behavioral targeting

• Behavioral targeting uses information collected on an individual's (web-browsing) behavior, such as the pages they have visited or the searches they have made, to select which advertisements to display to that individual.

Recommendation engines or recommender systems

• a specific type of information filtering (IF)• E.g. Netflix

Why do some think Google is/will be threatened by Facebook

Larry Page & Sergey Brin

Paul Zuckerman

Increase connectivity•News Feed of Facebook: Spam?

•Paul Zuckerman

Microsoft & Facebook

• Microsoft bought a tiny share of Facebook in 2007, everyone was up in arms over the extrapolated $15 billion valuation it gave Facebook. But the truth is, Facebook was never worth that much (at least not at the time) because Microsoft was never interested in purchasing it at that price, nor was anyone else. Instead, Microsoft was making a strategic investment to secure the rights to Facebook search and advertising. More importantly, its $240 million investment for less than 2% of the company insured that Google wouldn’t be able to cut a deal with the social networking giant.

Increase connectivity

• Microsoft Outlook

(3/5) If it’s about you, what about privacy

• 1984• George Orwell

Wikileaks

• Indivudual against government and organisations

Privacy

• Why so many Jews were killed in NLD?– 19th century: admin of religions for correct burial

Privacy: The AOL-case

NY Times story: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/09/technology/09aol.html

In 2006, AOL releases 3 months of data of 650 000 customers(anonymus: only use-number)

It took journalist David Gallagher a few hours to identify Thelma Arnold

Privacy

2002:

Anthony Hopkins andChris Rock gives a mobile phone to “the bady” who traces their location

2010:

Privacy: TomTom

HD Traffic

Privacy: Track My Life

Privacy: RouteYou

• Example– Personal info:

http://www.routeyou.com/user/view/7286/torresanmartin-userprofile.en

– Route maps?– Locations?

Privacy - Control

• China: 50 cent commentators

3 other views on Web 2.00

1. Collective stupidity vs Global Brain2. Commercial benefits3. Privacy and control

Trends and Web 2.00

Trends in the content market

Direct income Indirect income

Trends

Direct income Indirect income

LinuxMicrosoft - OS

Unix

Software

OpenSource

Pascal, DelphiPhp

C#, .net

Trends

Direct income Indirect income

GoogleMaps

Tele Atlas

Mapping

Navteq

USGS

Openstreetmap

Mapping Agencies

Trends

Direct income Indirect income

Nokia Ovi MapsFree Navigation

Google Maps

iPhone/AndroidNavigators

Garmin

TomTom

Mio

Blaupunkt

Navigation

The battelfield of “free”

• Google en Nokia nekken navigatiedienst Vodafone•

15 maart 2010 12:30 - Door Jannemiek Starkenburg

Vodafone trekt de stekker uit de eigen navigatiedienst Wayfinder. Het bedrijf zegt niet langer tegen de concurrenten op te kunnen boksen die een gratis navigatiedienst in de markt zetten.

Inverse Trend

Direct income Indirect income

Rupert Murdoch

Washington Post

YouTube

Paying for content? Nielsen asked 27,000 people across 52 countries if they'd consider paying for internet content

71% of respondents say that content would have to be considerably higher quality than the free stuff before they handed over any cash. If they believed they could get the information elsewhere for free, they'd never pay.

more than 50% people would be prepared to pay for movies, music and games; exactly half would pay for professionally produced video, and a slightly smaller proportion would pay for magazines.

Read more: http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1964604,00.html#ixzz0fzqitnyO

The Guinness Pub Finder

• Data is free – app is free – (for end user)

Conclusion

Wikinomics

“After gaining some experience with this new world of prosumption you’ll realize that your real business is not creating finished producst

but innovation ecosystems”

Don Tapscott & Anthony Williams, 2006, Wikinomics p. 148

The community brain is much bigger and much more creative than ours

286 visitors

The community brain is much bigger and much more creative than ours

The community brain is much bigger and much more creative than ours

Perpetuum mobile van de web community

Creativiteit van de community

+Routes en POIs

Input tools

Sharing/selling tools

Feed-back tools

Data verspreiding

Opmerkingen

Data Consolidatie & verificatie

tools

Correctie tools

Betere routes

Paden & POIs

Netwerken

Informatie linking tools

Gelinkte POIs

Search & creation tools

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Some great thoughts…

we didn’t have time for

Paying for content? Nielsen asked 27,000 people across 52 countries if they'd consider paying for internet content

71% of respondents say that content would have to be considerably higher quality than the free stuff before they handed over any cash. If they believed they could get the information elsewhere for free, they'd never pay.

more than 50% people would be prepared to pay for movies, music and games; exactly half would pay for professionally produced video, and a slightly smaller proportion would pay for magazines.

Read more: http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1964604,00.html#ixzz0fzqitnyO

• On the other hand, fewer than a third of people would be prepared to pay for social media, podcasts, news or talk radio, consumer generated video or blogs.

• Consumers in the under-20 bracket were most likely to consider paying, whereas those over 65 were the least likely.

• So the puzzle that still remains unsolved for providers is exactly how to provide content unique enough that users can't get it elsewhere — and once they have produced it, how to protect it, while still promoting it. How do you balance the two Web models: the one where linking is everything, where you want content picked up by other sites, and the one where your content has to be exclusive?

Read more: http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1964604,00.html#ixzz0fzqdAlEO

3 rules of peering

Peering works best when 3 conditions are present1. Cost of participation must be low for contribution2. Independent from other users & small

incremental contributions3. Integration and quality control-mechanism must

be fast and low in cost

Don Tapscott & Anthony Williams, 2006, Wikinomics p. 19

R&D

“…absorbing external technology or IP depends on the ability to relate what you learn to what you already know. Internal R&D and external

acquisitions are ceomplements, not substitutes”

Don Tapscott & Anthony Williams, 2006, Wikinomics p. 117

Strange network effects

• Due to “different linking”, the 1st born in a family has a higher IQ vs the 2nd, 3rd….

• If the 1st born dies in a family, the 2nd born gets the links of the first born, and gets the IQ of the first born…

Wikinomics

Prosumption is becoming one of the most powerful engines of change and innovation

that the business world has ever seen. Cocreating with customers is like tapping the most uniqquely qualified pool of intellecttual capital ever assembled, a reservoir of talent…

Don Tapscott & Anthony Williams, 2006, Wikinomics p. 147

Wikinomics

“Supply the raw materials that customers need to add value to your product. Make it easy to

remix and share. We call this design for prosumption”

Don Tapscott & Anthony Williams, 2006, Wikinomics p. 148

Paypal

• Peter Thiel

Finding red balloons

• Riley Crane built a platform for viral collaboration to find DARPA's 10 red balloons randomly placed around the United States.

http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/260725/january-05-2010/riley-crane

Lee Siegel

• Against the machine

1st social network experiment

• 1950s• Ithiel de Sola Pool & Manfred

Kochen• Small town in Illinois:

– Chinese patient in adjoining bed– American: You know, I’ve only

known one Chinese before. He was from Shanghai”

– Chinese: Why, that’s my uncle”• Paper: "Contacts and Influences"• 6 degrees of freedom

Extremism

• Previously extremists were isolated, now the isolated are connected

• Leading to – confirmation of their own thougths– Selective reading– Cultural potholes

Thoughts

• No boundaries/rules leads to dominance of some major players

Norbert Wiener

Founder of Cybernetics:

Κυβερνήτης

-> steersman, governor, pilot, rudder“The structure of regulatory systems”

-> a closed signal loop

A closed signal loop in social networks

• An example of Facebook: “• An example of RouteYou

Collective intelligence examples

The community brain is much bigger and much more creative than ours

www.gpsdrawing.com