web 2.0 fundamentals : with ajax, development tools, and ... · pdf file8.6.2 google orkut 281...

WEB 2.0Fundamentalswith Ajax, Development Tools, and Mobile Platfori

Oswald Campesato

Kevin Nilson

JONES AND BARTLETT PUBLISHERS

Sudbury, Massachusetts

BOSTON TORONTO LONDON SINGAPORE

Contents

Acknowledgments XXI

Biographies of Book Contributors XXV

Preface XXXIII

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

1.1 Information About This Book 2

1.1.1 Why Should You Buy This Book? 2

1.1.2 Why Are There Two Social Networking Chapters? 2

1.1.3 Why Are There Three Cloud Computing Chapters? 3

1.1.4 Why Does This Book Use the DojoToolkit andjQuery?

1.1.5 Versions of Software and Tools in This Book 4

1.1.6 Appendices with Web 2.0 URLs 4

1.1.7 Web 2.0 Topics That are Omitted fromThis Book 4

1.1.8 The URLs in This Book 5

1.1.9 Is This Book Only for Developers? 6

1.1.10 Do You Discuss the Best Web 2.0 Tools? 6

1.2 Web 2.0 in Our Lives 7

1.3 What Is Web 2.0? 9

1.3.1 Pioneers in Web 2.0 9

1.3.2 The Shift from Web 1.0 toWeb 2.0 10

1.3.3 Is Web 2.0 Overrated? 11

1.3.4 Advantages/Disadvantages ofWeb 2.0 12

1.3.5 Early EnablingTechnologies ofWeb 2.0 12

1.4 Popular Web 2.0 Products andTools 15

1.4.1 Flickr 15

1.4.2 YouTube 16

VIII CONTENTS

1.4.3 Twitter 16

1.4.4 Yelp 18

1.4.5 Del.icio.us 18

1.4.6 SlideShare 18

1.5 The Current Web 2.0 Landscape 19

1.5.1 Ajax (Formerly Called AJAX) 19

1.5.2 ProductivityTools 21

1.5.3 Development Tools and IDEs 22

1.5.4 Social Networks 23

1.5.5 Mash-Ups 26

1.5.6 Cloud Computing 28

1.5.7 Semantic Technology 33

1.5.8 Advanced Project with GWT 35

1.5.9 Comet: "Reverse Ajax" 36

1.5.10 Mobile Applications 36

1.6 What AboutWeb 3.0? 37

1.7 Summary 38

Chapter 2 Landscape of the Web 39

2.1 Coding Guidelines 40

2.2 HTML/JavaScript Examples 41

2.2.1 JavaScript Strings and Arrays 42

2.2.2 Handling Mouse Events 44

2.2.3 Regular Expressions and String Manipulations2.2.4 HTML Frame Elements 48

2.2.5 HTML IFrame Elements 48

2.2.6 Design Patterns and Best Practices 50

2.3 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) 50

2.3.1 Basic CSS Examples 51

2.3.2 Object-Oriented CSS (OOCSS) 54

2.4 HTML and Document Object Model (DOM) 55

2.4.1 HTML DOM andJavaScriptDOM 56

2.4.2 Managing Nodes and Elements 56

2.4-3 Dojo and jQuery Syntax 60

2.4.4 Distributed DOM 61

2.5 Browser Plug-Ins 61

2.5.1 SVG Plug-In 62

2.5.2 Silverlight Plug-In 65

2.5.3 Adobe Flash 66

2.6 Assorted JavaScript Technologies and Tools 69

2.6.1 Google Caja 69

CONTENTS IX

2.6.2 ECMAScript for XML (E4X) 69

2.6.3 RaphaelJavaScript Library 70

2.7 HTML5: Browser Support and Code Samples 71

2.7.1 The HTML5 Canvas Element 72

2.7.2 Google Chrome 75

2.8 Summary 76

Chapter 3 JSON and XML 79

3.1 Introducing the Concept ofJSONAnd XML 79

3.1.1 XPath, XQuery, XSlt, and XML Documents 83

3.2 Working with JSON 86

3.3 AjaxTool Kits Working with JSON 88

3.3.1 Dojo and JSON 89

3.3.2 jQuery and JSON 90

3.3.3 Working with XML 90

3.3.4 Understanding Simple API for SML (SAX) 102

3.4 Advantages and Disadvantages ofJSON and XML 116

3.4.1 Advantages and Disadvantages ofJSON 116

3.4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of XML 117

3.5 HTML and SGML versus XML 119

3.6 YAML and Comma SeparatedValues (CSV) as Alternatives to JSON and XML 120

3.6.1 YAML 120

3.6.2 CSV 121

3.7 Advanced Example with Dojo and JSON 121

3.8 Summary 125

Chapter 4 Ajax 127

4.1 Introducing the Concept ofAjax 127

4.2 A Brief History ofAjax 129

4.2.1 IFrames 130

4.3 XMLHttpRequest (XHr) 134

4.4 Ajax via Ajax Libraries 136

4.4.1 Ajax via Dojo 136

4.4.2 Ajax via jQuery 137

4.5 Ajax Working withJSON Using Dojo 138

4.5.1 AjaxWorking with JSON injQuery 139

4.6 Limitations ofAjax 140

4.7 Adoption ofAjax 141

4.7.1 Disadvantages ofAjax 142

4.7.2 Advantages ofAjax 142

4.8 Comparison of Existing Ajax Libraries 143

X CONTENTS

4.8.1 Dojo 143

4.8.2 ExtJS 143

4.8.3 GWT 143

4.8.4 jQuery 143

4.8.5 Prototype Script.aculo.us 144

4.8.6 SmartClient 144

4.8.7 SproutCore 144 •

4.8.8 Tibco GI 144

4.8.9 YUI 144

4.8.10 Understanding theTerms 144

4.9 Comprehensive Ajax Project 144

4.10 Advanced Ajax 157

4.11 Summary 158

Chapter 5 Productivity and Testing Tools 159

5.1 Which Tools Are Best? 160

5.2 Google Wave 162

5.2.1 Google Wave Features 163

5.3 Yahoo Pipes 164

5.3.1 A SimpleYahoo Pipe 165

5.3.2 UsingYQL inYahoo Pipes 166

5.4 Dapper 168

5.4.1 Creating a Simple Dapp 169

5.5 Assorted Open Source Tools from Google 169

5.5.1 Google Gears 170

5.5.2 Google Native Client 170

5.5.3 Google 03D 172

5.5.4 Google Ajax, Playground, and Sandbox

5.5.5 Google Innovation 173

5.6 Miscellaneous ProductivityTools 174

5.7 Twitter 176

5.7.1 InvokingTwitter APIs 177

5.8 The MIT Simile Project 179

5.9 Web 2.0 Applications and Product Suites 181

5.9.1 Google Apps 182

5.9.2 Zoho 183

5.10 BuildAutomation and TestingTools 184

5.10.1 Apache Ant 185

5.10.2 A Simple build.xml File 185

5.10.3 Maven 188

5.10.4 Other BuildTools 189

CONTENTS XI

5.10.5 JUnit 190

5.10.6 OtherTesting Tools 191

5.11 BenchmarkingTools 191

5.11.1 Faban 192

5.12 Source Code Management Tools 192

5.12.1 How to Use Mercurial 194

5.12.2 Web Containers and Servers 196

5.13 Using DTrace for Web 2.0 Applications 197

5.13.1 DTrace Fundamentals 198

5.14 Industry Perspective and Business Focus 201

5.14.1 HowWillYahoo Pipes Evolve During the Next SeveralYears? 203

5.15 Summary 205

Chapter 6 Debugging Tools 207

6.1 Introducing the Concept ofDebugging 207

6.2 Integrated Development Environments (IDES) 208

6.2.1 Eclipse 209

6.2.2 Adobe Flash Builder 4 210

6.2.3 SUNNetBeans 211

6.2.4 Oracle JDeveloper 211

6.2.5 InteUiJIDEA 211

6.2.6 Aptana Studio 212

6.3 Rich Internet Applications (RJA) 212

6.3.1 Adobe AIR 212

6.3.2 SUNJavaFX 212

6.4 Firebug 215

6.4.1 Inspect and Edit HTML and CSS 215

6.4.2 Monitor Network Activity 217

6.4.3 Debug and Profile JavaScript 218

6.4.4 Find Errors 219

6.4.5 Exploring the DOM 220

6.4.6 Execute JavaScript on the Fly 220

6.4.7 Log from JavaScript 221

6.5 Firebug Lite 221

6.6 Venhnan 222

6.7 Firefox Web Developer Add-On 222

6.8 JSLint 225

6.9 JsUnit 225

6.10 Selenium 226

6.11 Wireshark 226

6.12 Google Gadgets 227

XII CONTENTS

6.13 Summary 232

Chapter 7 The Facebook Platform 233

7.1 Social Networking 234

7.2 Facebook 235

7.2.1 Facebook Features and Services 236

7.2.2 Facebook Applications 238

7.2.3 Facebook Core Components 242

7.2.4 Facebook Integration with Other Products 246

7.3 SUNZembly 260

7.3.1 Zembly Features 261

7.3.2 Zembly Applications andTools 261

7.3.3 ZemblyWeb Gateway API 262

7.4 Bebo 265

7.5 Identity Management forWeb 2.0 Applications 266

7.5.1 Key Technologies 266

7.5.2 Conclusions 269

7.6 Summary 269

8.1 The OpenSocial Landscape 272

8.2 OpenSocial Markup Language (OSML) 273

8.2.1 OpenSocial Tags 273

8.2.2 OpenSocial Templates 274

8.3 OpenSocial Gadgets 275

8.3.1 Creating and Submitting OpenSocial Gadgets 276

8.3.2 Google Gadgets and OtherTools 277

8.4 The OpenSocial Technology Stack 277

8.5 OpenSocial Applications in Eclipse 278

8.5.1 A Basic OSDE Application 279

8.6 OpenSocial and MajorVendors 279

8.6.1 Yahoo Application Platform (YAP) and OpenSocial 280

8.6.2 Google Orkut 281

8.7 Google Friend Connect (GFC) 281

8.7.1 GFC APIs 282

8.7.2 GFC Gadgets 283

8.8 Apache Shindig 285

8.8.1 Building Apache Shindig 285

8.8.2 OpenSocial Java Client 289

8.8.3 Display Friends in Shindig 289

8.8.4 Compiling the Sample Shindig Code 293

8.9 Integrated OpenSocial Sample Application 294

Chapter 8 The OpenSocial Platform 271

CONTENTS XIII

8.9.1 Working with OpenSocial: Our Findings 301

8.10 Summary 304

Chapter 9 Mash-Ups and Search Technology 305

9.1 Mash-Ups 306

9.1.1 Consumer and Enterprise Mash-Ups 308

9.1.2 Design Patters and Best Practices 310

9.2 Mash-Up Tools and Products 311

9.2.1 IBM Mash-Up Center 311

9.2.2 WS02 312

9.2.3 Intel Mash Maker 314

9.2.4 Denodo Technologies 315

9.2.5 JackBe 316

9.2.6 Yahoo BOSS Mash-Up Framework 319

9.2.7 Consumer Mash-Ups and Online Tools 320

9.3 Search Technology 323

9.3.1 Google Search Tools 324

9.3.2 Yahoo Search Tools 327

9.3.3 Open Source SearchTools 328

9.4 Search-Related Engines 333

9.4.1 Microsoft Bing 333

9.4.2 Google Caffeine 335

9.4.3 Hakia 336

9.4.4 Kosmix 337

9.4.5 Yebol 337

9.5 Industry Perspective and Business Focus 338

9.5.1 Background 338

9.5.2 Mash-Ups,Web 2.0, and Beyond 339

9.5.3 Products and Resources 341

9.5.4 Implementation 343

9.5.5 Conclusions 344

9.6 Summary 345

Chapter 10 Cloud Computing Part I 347

10.1 What Is Cloud Computing? 348

10.1.1 Public, Private, and Hybrid Clouds 350

10.1.2 Questions to Ask Cloud Computing Vendors 352

10.1.3 The Software Platform Infrastructure (SPI) 353

10.2 Amazon Web Services (AWS) 356

10.2.1 Amazon EC2 357

10.2.2 Amazon S3 358

10.2.3 Amazon SimpleDB 359

XIV CONTENTS

10.2.4 Amazon CloudFront 361

10.2.5 Amazon SQS 362

10.2.6 AlexaWeb Information Service (AWIS) 362

10.2.7 Amazon Elastic Map Reduce 363

10.2.8 Creating Amazon EC2 Applications 364

10.3 IBM Cloud Labs 365

10.3.1 IBM and Amazon Partnership 366

10.4 Google App Engine (GAE) 366

10.4.1 Assessing GAE forYour Company 367

10.4.2 Upcoming GAE Features and Pricing Structure 368

10.4.3 Google Bigtable 368

10.4.4 Installing the GAE SDK for Python 370

10.4.5 A "Hello, World" Example in Python 370

10.4.6 Uploading Applications to GAE 371

10.4.7 "Fusion Tables" Database 371

10.5 Windows Azure 372

10.5.1 Windows Azure Features and .NET Services 373

10.5.2 SQL Azure 374

10.5.3 Windows Azure Development 376

10.6 Yahoo Cloud Computing 377

10.6.1 Yahoo MObStor 377

10.6.2 Yahoo Sherpa 378

10.7 Other Cloud Computing Initiatives 378

10.8 Industry Perspective 379

10.8.1 Economy of the Cloud and How to Get Started 379

10.9 Summary 384

Chapter 11 Cloud Computing Part II 385

11.1 Midsize Cloud Computing Vendors 386

11.1.1 Appistry 386

11.1.2 Engine Yard 387

11.1.3 GoGrid 388

11.1.4 Joyent 389

11.1.5 Longjump 389

11.1.6 Rackspace 390

11.1.7 RightScale 390

11.1.8 GridGain 392

11.1.9 iCloud 392

11.2 Cloud Computing Integrated Applications 393

11.2.1 NetSuite 393

11.2.2 SalesForce 394

CONTENTS XV

11.3 Cloud Computing and Open Source 395

11.3.1 Apache Open Source Projects 395

11.3.2 Sector/Sphere 399

11.3.3 UCB Elastic Utility Computing Architecture for Linking Your Programs to

Useful Systems (EUCALYPTUS) 400

11.3.4 Cloud Computing in the Scientific Community 400

11.3.5 Other Cloud Computing Initiatives 401

11.3.6 Cloud Computing and Databases 402

11.3.7 Cloud Computing Editors and IDEs 407

11.3.8 Ubuntu and Cloud Computing 409

11.3.9 Cloud Organizations and Cloud Manifesto 410

11.3.10 MonitoringTools 411

11.4 Alternatives to Cloud Computing 412

11.4.1 Oracle Coherence 412

11.4.2 Terracotta 416

11.4.3 Virtualization Software 419

11.5 Business Focus 420

11.5.1 What are the major benefits of cloud computing? 420

11.5.2 What are the major downsides ofcloud computing? 421

11.5.3 Which companies/verticals benefit the most from cloud computing? 421

11.5.4 What are the major use cases for cloud computing? 421

11.5.5 What is the state of the adoption of cloud computing today? 422

11.5.6 What are the issues that prevent widespread adoption of cloud computing? 422

11.5.7 What are the technical challenges in developing/deploying apps in the

cloud? 422

11.5.8 How will cloud computing evolve in the next few years? 423

11.5.9 How would you compare virtualization and cloud computing? 423

11.5.10 What will beVMware's strategy on cloud computing in the next few

years? 423

11.6 Summary 424

Chapter 12 XMLJava, and GAE 425

12.1 Java-XML BindingTools 426

12.1.1 JAXB:Java-XML Bindings 427

12.1.2 Castor:Java-XML Binding Support 431

12.1.3 OtherJava-XML Binding Tools 433

12.2 Java and Google App Engine (GAE) 433

12.2.1 Language and Framework Support 435

12.2.2 JavaApplications for GAE in Eclipse 438

12.2.3 The Structure of GAE Java Applications 441

12.2.4 Creating a GoogleWave Robot in Eclipse 442

XVI CONTENTS

12.2.5 Starting the GAE Server 443

12.3 Java and GAE Code Samples 444

12.3.1 AJSP Example 444

12.3.2 A Java Servlet Example 446

12.3.3 Google Wave, GAE, and Twitter 448

12.3.4 Create an Eclipse Project 449

12.3.5 GAEJDO 449

12.3.6 GAEJPA 456

12.4 Java/GAE Clouds and Alternatives 459

12.4.1 Stax 459

12.4.2 GigaSpaces 462

12.4.3 jClouds 463

AJava AppEngine Integrated Example 463

Summary 475

12.5

12.6

Chapter 13 Semantic Technology 477

13.1 The Semantic Web and Semantic Technology 478

13.1.1 The Semantic Technology Landscape 479

13.1.2 Taxonomies, Ontologies, and Folksonomies 481

13.1.3 RDF, RDFS, OWL, DARPAAgent Markup Language (DAML), and

SPARQL 483

13.1.4 Semantic Technology Tools 496

13.2 OpenCalais 502

13.2.1 The CalaisViewer 503

13.2.2 A Simple OpenCalais Example 504

13.2.3 OpenCalais Code Samples 506

13.2.4 OpenCalaisTools 508

13.3 Expert System 509

13.4 Truevert 510

13.5 Semantic Technology from Commercial Vendors 510

13.5.1 Oracle Semantic Technology 510

13.5.2 IBM Semantic Technology 511

13.5.3 Microsoft SemanticTechnology 512

13.5.4 Altova Semantic Technology 512

13.5.5 Franz Semantic Technologies 513

13.5.6 TopBraid 514

13.6 Other Projects,Tools, and Products 515

13.6.1 Open Source RDF-based Projects 515

13.7 Comments AboutWeb 3.0 516


13.8.1 What is your"definition" ofWeb 2.0? Web 3.0? 518

13.8.2 How will Semantic Technology evolve during the next several

years? 519

CONTENTS XVM

13.8.3 How will OpenCalais influence Semantic Technology? 519

13.8.4 What are the important differences (and similarities) between

OpenCalais and other Semantic Technology products? 520

13.8.5 Where are the opportunities for creating successful Semantic Technology-

applications? 520

13.8.6 What advice do you have for developers who want to create successful Semantic

Technology applications? What technical and nontechnical skills do they need

to acquire? 520

13.8.7 What advice do you have for people who want to create start-ups? 521

13.9 Summary 521

Chapter 14 Web 2.0 Comprehensive Project 523

14.1 Chapter Overview 523

14.1.1 Project Overview 523

14.2 Google Web Toolkit (GWT) 525

14.3 Meetup Networking Code 526

14.4 JFXTRASJAVAFX Raffle Tool Background 548

14.5 JFXTRASJAVAFX Raffle Tool Code 548

14.5.1 Building the JUG Spinner UI 550

14.5.2 CallingWeb Services from JavaFX 555

14.6 Summary 558

Comet 559

Introducing the Concept ofComet 559

15.1.1 Polling 560

15.1.2 Long Polling 565

15.1.3 Streaming 569

15.1.4 Server-SideThreading Concerns 570

CometD 570

15.2.1 CometD andJavaScript 571

15.2.2 Publish and Subscribe fromJavaScript 571

15.2.3 Publish and Subscribe fromJava 572

15.2.4 HTTPServletRequest 573

15.2.5 Security Policy 574

15.2.6 Channel, Queue, and Client Listeners 574

15.2.7 Conclusion 576

Orbited 576

15.3.1 Integration 577

15.3.2 Architecture 577

15.3.3 Details 577

15.3.4 Orbited Is Not a Message Queue 578

15.3.5 Goals and Strengths of the Orbited Project 579

XVIII CONTENTS

15.4 Industry Perspective of Comet by Michael Carter 580

15.5 Summary 583

Chapter 16 Mobile Development Part 1 585

16.1 The Mobile Landscape 587

16.1.1 Initial Costs for Mobile-Based Development 587

16.1.2 Web Technologies for Mobile Devices 588

16.1.3 Design Patterns and Best Practices 591

16.2 Apple iPhone 592

16.2.1 Quick Platform Overview 593

16.2.2 Overview ofiPhone Applications 594

16.2.3 iPhone Applications for Mobile Devices 597

16.2.4 iPhone Web Applications 601

16.2.5 Apple iPhone and Third-Party Tools 601

16.3 Google Android 603


16.3.2 Overview ofAndroid Applications 604

16.3.3 A Simple AndroidApplication 606

16.3.4 Google Android Tool Integration 612

16.4 Palm 613

16.4.1 Quick Overview of WebOS and Mojo 614

16.4.2 Overview of Palm Applications 614

16.4.3 A Simple Palm Pre Application 615


16.6 Summary 620

Chapter 17 Mobile Development Part 2 621

17.1 Samsung 622


17.2 J2ME 625


17.2.2 A Simple J2ME Application 626

17.3 RIM Blackberry 629


17.3.2 A Simple Blackberry Application 629

17.4 Nokia 631

17.4.1 Nokia Mobile Applications 631

17.5 JavaFX 1.2 for Mobile Applications 633

17.5.1 A Simple JavaFX Mobile Application 633

17.6 MonoTouch 638

17.6.1 MonoTouch Features 638

17.6.2 A Simple MonoTouch Application 639

CONTENTS XIX

17.7 Motorola 641

17.7.1 Overview of Motorola Mobile Applications 641

17.7.2 A Motorola Mobile Application 642

17.7.3 Motorola and J2ME 644

17.7.4 Motorola and Android 645

17.8 Verizon Joint Innovation Lab (JIL) Mobile 648

17.8.1 Verizon Mobile Applications in Eclipse 648

17.9 Other Development Tools for Mobile Devices 649

17.9.1 Appcelerator 649

17.9.2 Cross-Platform DevelopmentTools 652

17.10 Companies for Mobile Development 653

17.11 Mobile Trends in Other Technologies 654

17.12 Summary 655

Chapter 18 Epilogue: The Future of the Web 657

18.1 Current MajorTrends 657

18.1.1 Mobile Technology 658

18.1.2 HTML5 659

18.1.3 The Real-TimeWeb 659

18.1.4 Semantic Technology 659

18.2 Start-Up Innovators 660

18.3 Vincent Lauria 660

18.3.1 Can you tell us about your background? 660

18.3.2 What project(s) are you currently working on? 660

18.3.3 How did you adjust your business as a result? 661

18.3.4 What significant changes do you think will happen in the Web in the

next few years, and what will be the effect on start-ups? 661

18.3.5 How will this change in the near future? 662

18.3.6 What key factors should be considered when engaging in a new start-up? 662

18.3.7 What hard lessons have you learned that you wish you knew earlier? 663

18.3.8 What are the primary factors for start-up success? 663

18.4 Future Trends for the Web 663

18.4.1 Andres Almiray 665

18.4.2 SiamakAshrafi 667

18.4.3 Stephen Chin 669

18.4.4 Aleksandar Gargenta 671

18.4.5 TedGoddard 672

18.4.6 ChettHaase 676

18.4.7 Yehuda Katz 677

18.4.8 Van Riper 678

18.4.9 AlexRussel 680

18.4.10 Dylan Schiemann 682

XX CONTENTS

18.4.11 GregWilkins 685

18.4.12 Monica Anderson 687

18.5 Final Thoughts 689

18.5.1 Web-Based Technology and Society 689

18.5.2 Everyone Is Connected 689

18.5.3 TransitiveTrust 690

18.5.4 Perfect Information for Everyone 691

18.5.5 Intelligent Agents 691

18.5.6 Web 3.0 and Beyond 692

18.6 Summary 693

Trademark Acknowledgments 695

GNU License 705

Lesser GNU License 708

Index 709