web of things & socialization of things · –other metrics for efficient message delivery in...

Web of Things & Socialization of Things

2013. 6

Youn-Hee [email protected]

http://link.koreatech.ac.kr

Internet Traffic is 51% Non-Human

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Incapsula (March 2012)

Creation of The Term - IoT

Kevin Ashton (@Kevin_Ashton)– Inventor of the term “IoT (Internet of Things)”– Co-founder of Auto-ID Center at MIT– He creates the fictional Mexican social media guru, “Santiago Swallow”

• Santiago Swallow is “socially imagined self”

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The creation of Swallow is an attempt to show that credibilty is unrelated to having a large number of Twitter followers

IoT on the Web

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WoT (Web of Things) is a vision inspired from the IoT where everyday devices and objects are connected by fully integrating

them to the Web

Eco-system of embedded devices built in smart objects

WoT re-uses the Web standards, URLs, HTTP, REST, RSS, etc.

Very Simple and Powerful !

What happens in the Web?

eBay SDK (Software Development Kit)

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Auction & Open Market Electronic Payment

VoIP

Online comparison shopping

Shopping mallConstruction

eBay Business Platform

45% of auction items are exposed to partner sites through API

[Core of E-commerce Eco-system]


Open API

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Government 2.0 with Open API (http://data.seoul.go.kr/)

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Valuable ResourceInformation



서울시 모바일 전략 및 공공 DB 공개 계획

REST Open API on Things

REST (Representational State Transfer) Open API– The Unified Method for Information Exchange on the Web

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[Web Design, Axiom 0]“All resources on the Web must be uniquely identified with a URI”

by Tim Berners-Lee.

resource1URL1

resource2URL2

resource3URL3

XML or JSON

XML or JSON

XML or JSON

Resources (+ physical things

: IETF COAP Protocol)

URLs Simple Operations(GET, PUT, PUSH, DELETE)

REST - Pavement for Information Exchange

REST Open API Statistics

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Source (2012): Blog - Innotribe(http://petervan.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/apibillionaires.png)

Machine & Web-based Open API

Case I - Camera Open API– http://pdn.pelco.com/content/ip-cameras

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Case II - GM Developer Open API– https://developer.gm.com/index.php


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Case III - Washing Machine Open API– http://openlaundryapi.org

Web of Things

Why “Web” of Things?– Addressibility

• Modeled as REST• Addressable and Identified by URLs

– Uniform Interface• HTTP methods (GET, PUT, PUSH, DELETE)

– Resource Description• All resources can be represented on HTML/XML/JSON linked

together so that they are crawlable!

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How to make your things?

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Using “Arduino”– an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on

flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software

Using “Raspberry Pi”– a credit-card-sized single-board computer

Web of Things and Cloud

Case I - Xively (https://xively.com/)

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Photo sensor

LED

- formerly Cosm- before that Pachube (pronounced Patch bay)

XivelyFeed feed(xivelyFeed, datastreams, 2); //wrap the datastreams into a feed

int sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin); //read photosensor valuesfeed[0].setFloat(sensorValue);xivelyclient.put(feed, xivelyKey); //send photo-value to xively...xivelyclient.get(feed, xivelyKey); //get LED data from xivelyint level = feed[1].getFloat(); //write value to LED - change brightnessdigitalWrite(ledPin, level); //actually write the value

It took just 1 hour to configure this system!!!


Case II - ioBridge (http://connect.iobridge.com)

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Case III - Jasper Wireless (http://www.jasperwireless.com + m2m.com)

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[Commercial Cloud System for IoT (M2M) over LTE]


Architecture of WoT-Cloud

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2) Data Broker, Process, and Management

Data Information

Cloud for IoT

IoT CloudRegistrar

Data Management

Broker

Update UpdateSensors

&Actuators

Applications

Register Register

Event/StateEvent/State

1) Sensor/Actuator Registrar and Management

Message Message

ControlControl

Information


Why “Cloud” for Web of Things?

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“IoT, Cloud, and Services are complementary aspects of a Real World Internet”


Data quality of various sources– Accuracy of each data point– Sensor reliability and availiability– Important for trust!

Unit jungle: – nGy/s, mSv/h, ȝSv/h, Bq/kg, cpm …

– Sometimes misleading, sometimes just hard to compare…

Mix of data sources– Real sensors– Virtual sensors (data scraping from web pages)

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Socialization of Things

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Tweet-a-watt internet-connected energy meter– Using “Twitter Open API”– http://www.ladyada.net/make/tweetawatt/

https://twitter.com/tweetawatt


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Arduino에 트위터 계정 부여 및 생활지수 트윗 등록– 한국기술교육대학교 LINK Lab., May 2013~– 온도센서, 조도센서 + Wifi– Twitter ID: @THING_LINK_001 - https://twitter.com/THING_LINK_001

It took just 3 hours to configure this system!!!


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Facebook Open API을 활용한 감성 식물 모니터링 시스템– 한국기술교육대학교 LINK Lab., June 2012– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UD1YMjrsLIc


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DEMO - Social Web of Things – Ericsson, July 2012– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B96LyXlUas4


Possible Applications/Services– Facebook friend with Door Lock

– Facebook friend with washing machine

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After-sales service manMe

Washing machine

Friend Friend

Friend

Me Wife/Husband

Son Daughter

A friendA friend

A guard SECOMDoorLock


Why should be things socialized with human/things?

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1. Benefits from Advanced Multi-functional Platform(e.g., Rich Mashable Open API for Interaction,

Push Notification, Community/Group Management, Discovering from Profile Management,

Delegate Authentication, etc.)

2. Credibility from Social Relationship between Things and Human/Things

(e.g., Friendship Management Information Exchange among Friends)

3. Benefits from Social Network Analysis (SNA)(e.g., Enhancement of

Message Delivery/Dissemination Efficiency)


Possible Relationship on Things/Human/Organization– Parental Relation– Ownership Relation– Sibling Relation– Co-location Relation– Co-work Relation– Interaction Relation

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Human

Thing Thing

Ownership Ownership

Sibling

Organization

Parental Parental

Human

Thing Thing

Ownership Ownership

Sibling

Organization

Parental Parental

Friend

Co-location

Co-workFriend Friend

Friend

Interaction

Individual Things/Humans/Organization

Various Communities

Credibility depends on Quality of

Social Relation

Mobile Networks and SNA

Possible (Implicit) Relationship on Mobile Things– Contact

Relation

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Message Delivery/Dissemination by using Social Network Analysis

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[1] Miray Kas, Sandeep Appala, Chao Wang, Kathleen M. Carley, L. Richard Carley, Ozan K. Tonguz: “What if wireless routers were social? approaching wireless mesh networks from a social networks perspective,” IEEE Wireless Communication, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 36-43, 2012.[2] Mary R. Schurgot, Cristina Comaniciu, Katia Jaffrès-Runser, “Beyond traditional DTN routing: social networks for opportunistic communication,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 50, No. 7, pp. 155-162, 2012.[3] Chan-Myung Kim, Young-hwan Kim, and Youn-Hee Han, “Local Information-based Betweenness Centrality in Delay-Tolerant Networks,” IEEE Communication Letter, Submitted, 2013.

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Message Delivery/Dissemination by using Social Network Analysis

– Basic Forwarding Strategy• A node sends its message to a (relay) node of higher centrality

– Other Metrics for Efficient Message Delivery in Mobile Networks• Node Similarity• Edge Betweenness• Community Detection

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nodeDegree

CentralityClosenessCentrality

BetweennessCentrality

EigenvectorCentrality

1 0.375 0.471 0.107 0.196

2 0.250 0.348 0.000 0.112

3 0.375 0.471 0.107 0.196

4 0.500 0.615 0.536 0.3795 0.500 0.615 0.214 0.468

6 0.500 0.615 0.214 0.468

7 0.500 0.500 0.250 0.410

8 0.375 0.471 0.000 0.3849 0.125 0.348 0.000 0.117

Conclusions

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IoT + Cloud + BigData (SNA) = a Tidal Wave

“Knowledge Hierarchy” in the context of the IoT

Amit Sheth, Pramod Anantharam, Cory Henson, ” Physical-Cyber-Social Computing: An Early 21st Century Approach,” IEEE Intelligent Systems, Jan. 2013

References

Web of Things[1] D. Guinard and V. Trifa, “Towards the Web of Things: Web Mashups for Embedded Devices,” in 2nd Workshop on Mashups, Enterprise Mashups and Lightweight Composition on the Web (MEM 2009), Madrid, Spain, April 2009.

[2] E. Wilde, “Putting things to REST,” School of Information, UC Berkeley, Tech. Rep. UCB iSchool Report 2007-015, November 2007.

[3] V. Stirbu, “Towards a RESTful Plug and Play Experience in the Web of Things,” in IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing, Aug. 2008, pp. 512–517.

[4] A. Kansal, S. Nath, J. Liu, and F. Zhao, “SenseWeb: an infrastructure for shared sensing,” IEEE Multimedia, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 8–13, 2007.

[5] D. Guinard, M. Fischer, V. Trifa, “Sharing using social networks in a composable Web of Things,” 8th IEEE International Conference on PERCOM Workshops, 2010.

[6] Atif Alamri, Wasai Shadab Ansari, Mohammad Mehedi Hassan, M. ShamimHossain, Abdulhameed Alelaiwi, and M. Anwar Hossain, “A Survey on Sensor-Cloud: Architecture, Applications, and Approaches,” International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Vol. 2013, 2013

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References

Socialization of Things[7] L. Atzori, A. Iera and G. Morabito. "SIoT: Giving a Social Structure to the Internet of Things,” IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 1193-1195, Nov. 2011.

[8] D. Guinard, M. Fischer, V. Trifa "Sharing Using Social Networks in a Composable Web of Things,” in Proc. IEEE PERCOM, 2010.

[9] H. Ning and Z. Wang "Future Internet of Things Architecture: Like Mankind Neural System or Social Organization Framework?,” IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 461–463, 2011.

[10] M. Kranz, L. Roalter, and F. Michahelles "Things That Twitter: Social Networks and the Internet of Things,” in What can the Internet of Things do for the Citizen (CIoT) Workshop at Pervasive, May 2010.

[11] L. E. Holmquist, F. Mattern, B. Schiele, P. Alahuhta, M. Beigl, and H. Gellersen, "Smart-Its Friends: A Technique for Users to Easily Establish Connections between Smart Artifacts,” ACM Ubicomp’01.

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