UNIT 2 STUDY GUIDE | AP Human Geography

Name: _________________________________ Date: _________ Period: _____

THIS STUDY GUIDE IS DUE AT THE BEGINNING OF CLASS ON TUESDAY, OCTOBER 22nd. You have a four-day weekend to work on it AND Monday evening. Remember that the AMSCO text is online.

DATE OF UNIT 2 EXAM: WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 23rd.

PART 1 ORGANIZATION: Below are the topics listed in order from 2.1 to 2.12. Go through your APHuG section of your binder and put all of your notes packets in order. If you’re missing notes -- prepare to come to office hours after school Monday or before school Tuesday.

PART 2 VOCABULARY: Study and begin to memorize Unit 2 vocabulary from your spiral notebook. Here is a little practice BUT be sure to review all of the words, not just those on this study guide. After each definition write the Unit 2 vocabulary term that best matches the definition/explanation.

1. Once a baby boom ends, births are lower for a number of years.

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2. The population a region can support without significant environmental deterioration. For example, most towns

and cities started to grow on land that could support a large population.

3. A birth spike. For example, after World War II, the United States had an increase in births that lasted from 1946

to 1965. They are associated with the end of a war and economic abundance.

4. A slowdown of births.

5. The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years. This is the more accurate

measurement of how women are viewed in a society.

6. A measure of the average population per square mile or kilometer of an area. It measures how crowded a place

is.

7. When a region has more people than it can support. This is partially dependent on its population distribution

and density.

8. When there’s an increase in births because of a previous baby boom (when baby boomers have babies

themselves) this is called a(n) ___.

9. A value that compares the working age cohorts of a country’s population with those that are non working

(children and retired older people).

10. The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the # of people active in the labor force.

11. The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical

conditions. At birth, this is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.

12. The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society.

13. Countries like France, Sweden, Denmark, and Japan institute programs designed to increase the TFR (paid time

off for parents, free child care, family discounts)

14. The pattern of human settlement - the spread of people across the earth. Representing it on a map highlights

places that are crowded, or sparsely settled, or even empty.

15. Countries that are concerned about overpopulation have instituted programs to decrease the TFR. One of the

most notable examples is China’s former “One Child Policy.”

16. The theory that food production is growing arithmetically (steadily) but population increases exponentially

(multiplying quickly) and therefore there would be massive starvation throughout the world.

17. The largest number of people that the environment of a particular area can sustainably support, given the

quantity of food, habitat, water, and other life-giving infrastructure.

18. People who move out of a country.

19. A model that shows five typical stages of population change that countries pass through as they modernize.

Each of the five stages lasts for a period of indeterminate length.

20. The number of children who die before their first birthday.

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PART 3 ANALYSIS QUESTIONS: The following are questions to push your analysis of concepts learned in Unit 2 about Population & Migration. Please use your notes from that day (for example, a question labeled “2.6” aligns with your notes packet labeled “2.6”) and respond with complete thoughts but complete sentences are not mandatory. These are just some of our concepts from Unit 2, not all. Be sure to review ALL of your notes and readings.

Topic 2.1 - Population Distribution

Objectives: (1) Identify the factors that influence the distribution of human populations at different scales. (2) Define methods geographers use to calculate population density. (3) Explain the differences between and the impact of methods used to calculate population density.

Define each of the following terms:

∴ Arithmetic density -

∴ Physiological density -

∴ Agricultural density -

How does the method that geographers use to calculate population density reveal different information about the pressure the population exerts on the land?

Use this charton the right tosupport your answers aboveBUT be sure to check-out your notes / text, too!

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Topic 2.3 - Population Composition

Objectives: (1) Describe elements of population composition used by geographers. (2) Explain ways that geographers depict and analyze population composition.

What elements are mapped and analyzed by population pyramids?

How can population pyramids be used for the following purposes:

∴ Assess population growth and decline -

∴ Predict markets for goods and services -

1. Write 3 complete sentences about the United States and what you know about their population (CBR, CDR, dependency ratio, Natural Increase Rate, etc.) using the population pyramid above.

2. Write 3 complete sentences about Denmark and what you know about their population (CBR, CDR, dependency ratio, Natural Increase Rate, etc.) using the population pyramid above.

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Topic 2.4 - Population Dynamics

Objectives: Explain factors that account for contemporary and historical trends in population growth and decline.

Explain how the following factors determine population growth and decline.

∴ Fertility

∴ Mortality

∴ Migration

Explain how the concept of natural increase is used to explain population growth and decline.

Explain how the concept of population-doubling time is used to explain population growth and decline.

Topic 2.7 - Population Policies

Objectives: Explain the intent and effects of various population and immigration policies on population size and composition.

Define:

∴ Pronatalist

∴ Antinatalist

How would immigration policies affect population size and composition?

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Topic 2.8 - Women and the Demographic Change

Objectives: Explain how the changing role of females has demographic consequences in different parts of the world.

Analyze and explain how each of the following change fertility rates.

∴ changing social values

∴ access to education

∴ employment

∴ health care

∴ contraception

What are Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration?

Topic 2.9 - Aging Populations

Objectives: Explain the causes and consequences of an aging population.

Define dependency ratio.

What factors determine population aging?

How does an aging population influence economic (dependency ratio) expectations?

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Topic 2.10 - Causes of Migration

Objective: Explain how different causal factors encourage migration.Define:

∴ Push factors -

∴ Pull factors -

∴ Intervening opportunities -

∴ Intervening obstacles -

∴ Forced migration -

∴ Voluntary migration -

Identify push and pull factors for each of the following categories.

∴ Economic

∴ Social

∴ Political

∴ eNvironmental

Topic 2.11 - Forced and Voluntary Migration

Objective: Describe the types of forced and voluntary migration.Define the following terms.

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∴ Refugee

∴ internally displaced person

∴ asylum seeker

Explain the following terms in relation to voluntary migrations.

∴ Transnational

∴ Transhumance

∴ Internal

∴ Chain

∴ Step

∴ Guest worker

∴ rural to urban

What’s the biggest difference between forced versus voluntary migration?

Topic 2.12 - Effects of Migration

Objective: Explain historical and contemporary geographic effects of migration.

Give the consequences of migrations for each of the following.

∴ Economic

∴ Social

∴ Political

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∴ eNvironmental

PART 4 THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL: Complete the chart below. Prepare to explain what’s happening in each stage of the DTM, how countries move from one stage to the next, and how it helps demographers understand countries and their issues.

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5

Example Extinct - nomadic times.

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Turkey USAFrance

JapanDenmark

Natural Increase Rate

Stable / slow increase

Birth Rate High

Death Rate High

Reasons for change in CBR

-Many children needed for survival-Many children died-Social encouragement-No family planning

Reasons for change -Disease, famine,

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in CDR poor hygiene-Very little medical knowledge

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