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Name ______________________________________________________ Honors Biology

Final Exam1. How is energy released from ATP?

a. A phosphate is added.b. An adenine is added.c. A phosphate is removed.d. A ribose is removed.

2. Earth's temperature range is maintained bya. the greenhouse effect.b. climate zones.c. ocean currents and winds.d. latitude differences.

3. If the body cells of humans contain 46 chromosomes, a single sperm cell should havea. 46 chromosomes.b. 23 chromosomes.c. 92 chromosomes.d. between 23 and 46 chromosomes.

`4. A limiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways regardless of their size might be a. drought.b. disease.c. predation.d. crowding.

5. CRISPR works like what in bacteria?a. immune system b. DNA editing toolc. source of energy d. has nothing to do with bacteria

6. Organisms that have two different alleles for a particular trait are said to be a. hybrid.b. heterozygous.c. homozygous.d. recessive.

7. Exponential growth in a population slows down or stops as a. resources become limited.b. rate of immigration increases.c. rate of emigration decreases.d. birth rate increases.

8. The amount of energy represented in each trophic level of consumers in an energy pyramid is abouta. 10% of the level below it.b. 90% of the level below it.c. 10% more than the level below it.d. 90% more than the level below it.

9. Compared to egg cells formed during meiosis, daughter cells formed during mitosis are a. genetically different, while eggs are genetically identical.b. genetically different, just as egg cells are.c. genetically identical, just as egg cells are.d. genetically identical, while egg cells are genetically different.


10. NADPH is produced in light-dependent reactions and carries energy in the form ofa. ATP.b. high-energy electrons.c. low-energy electrons.d. ADP.

11. The phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell is a. prophase.b. metaphase.c. anaphase.d. telophase.

12. Traits controlled by two or more genes are called a. multiple-allele traits.b. polygenic traits.c. codominant traits.d. hybrid traits.

13. Homeostasis involves a. the establishment of an isotonic environment b. maintaining a relatively constant internal physical and chemical environment c. the decoding of RNA into proteins for repair of the cell d. the packaging of lipids by the golgi apparatus to be used in the lipid bilayer of the cell

membrane 14. Under a microscope, the cells of mushrooms, plants, and animals all have visible nuclei. This makes

all: a. Autotrophsb. Heterotrophs c Eukaryoticd. Prokaryotic

15. In four o'clock flowers, the alleles for red flowers and white flowers show incomplete dominance. Heterozygous four o'clock plants have

a. pink flowers.b. white flowers.c. half white flowers and half red flowers.d. red flowers.

16. Which statement correctly describes photosynthesis and cellular respiration?a. Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy.b. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration use the same raw materials.c. Cellular respiration releases energy, while photosynthesis stores energy.

d. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis produce the same products.17. Fermentation releases energy from food molecules in the absence of

a. oxygen.b. glucose.c. NADH.d. alcohol.


18. For a mutation to affect evolution, it must: a. Provide a benefit to the organism b. Involve more than one chromosome c. Be able to get passed from parent or offspring d. Be neutral—neither help nor harm the organism

19. Differences among individuals of a single species are referred to as a. artificial selection.b. genetic variation.c. survival of the fittest.d. environmental adaptation.

20. Which of the following events could lead to genetic drift?a. A few new individuals move into a large, diverse population.b. A few individuals from a large, diverse population leave and establish a new population.

c. Two large populations come back together after a few years of separation.d. The mutation rate in a large population increases due to pollution.

21. Which of the following cells is specialized for contraction? a. muscle cellb. red blood cellc. pancreatic celld. nerve cell

22. Which of the following shows the levels of organization in an organism from the simplest to the most complex?

a. organ system, organ, cell, tissueb. tissue, cell, organ, organ systemc. cell, tissue, organ, organ systemd. cell, organ, tissue, organ system

23. What do we call the maintenance of internal conditions of an organism within a certain boundary range?

a. evolution b. metabolismc. adaptation d. homeostasis e. photosynthesis

24. Beak size in the various groups of Galápagos finches changed primarily in response toa. climate.b. mating preference.c. food source.d. availability of water.

25. Ribosomes function is the cell is? a. packaging proteins b. maintaining homeostasis c. synthesizing proteins d. helps the mitochondria in energy production


26. The fossil record consistently shows evidence thata. all forms of life have existed in all geologic eras.b. living organisms have only been on Earth for a short time.c. living things have changed over time.d. ancient life-forms are much the same as forms found living today

27. The raw materials required for plants to carry out photosynthesis area. carbon dioxide and oxygen.b. oxygen and sugars.c. carbon dioxide and water.d. oxygen and water.

28. A molecular clock does what?a. Tells time by using molecules

b. A tool for radio-carbon dating age of fossilsc. Determines distance of relation by averaging the time for mutations to appear d. Determines distance of relation by measuring number of chromosomes

29. Which statement is true about Darwin’s theory of Evolutiona. He immediately developed his ideas when he viewed finches of Galapagos b. He did not receive any ideas about earth age or acquisition of traits from other scientists c. It fits with modern advancements in DNA analysis and stands up to testable experimentationd. It only works if you ignore evidence from other areas of scientific research

30. The principal pigment in plants isa. chloroplast.b. chlorophyll.c. carotene.d. carbohydrate.

31. Organisms that make their own food are called?a. autotrophs.b. heterotrophs.c. decomposers.d. consumers.

32. The cell cycle is believed to be controlled by proteins calleda. cyclins.b. spindlesc. regulators.d. centrosomes.

33. What are the three processes of cellular respiration a. glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, electron transport chain b. glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, mitochondria c. glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, photosynthesis

34. C6H12O6 is the chemical formula for a. sugar b. iron c. pyruvate d. carboxylic acid


35. In prokaryotic cells, DNA is found in the a. cytoplasm.b. nucleus.c. ribosome.d. cell membrane.

36. Mitochondria function is involved in a. energy production b. protein synthesis c. storage d. packaging

37. A base that is present in RNA but NOT in DNA isa. thymine.b. uracil.c. cytosine.d. adenine.

38. Animal cells contain all of the following excepte. nucleusf. Chloroplastsg. Vacuole h. Ribosomes

39. In DNA, the following base pairs occur:a. A with C, and G with T.b. A with T, and C with G.c. A with G, and C with T.d. A with T, and C with T.

40. The Central Dogma of Biology is a. RNA -> DNA -> Proteinb. DNA -> RNA -> Protein c. DNA -> RNA -> Amino Acids d. DNA -> Protein -> RNA

41. DNA wraps around these proteins to assist in organization and storagea. Amino Acids b. Ribosomesc. Codonsd. Histones

42. Effects of climate change include all of the following excepta. rising ocean levels b. stronger storms c. decrease in air qualityd. increase in food production

43. Humans are the driving factor in rising global temperaturesa. trueb. false


1. Balance the following two equations, correctly identify what process each represents within a cell, then compare and contrast these two processes based on their chemical formula giving similarities and differences for each (

______O2 + C6H12O6 → ________CO2 + ________H2O + Energy ____________________________

______CO2 + ______H2O ---light--____ C6H12O6 + ___O2 _____________________________

2. The cell (0.9% NaCl) in this beaker is placed in a 5% NaCl solution. The membrane is permeable to water but not to NaCl.

A. In which direction is the net movement of water here?

B. How will this affect the cell?

C. What type of solution is the cell placed in?

3. Why are cells small? Relate this concept to why whales are so big.

5% NaCl

0.9% NaCl


4. Label the following image:

Word Bank : tRNA, mRNA, Ribosome, Amino Acid, Start Codon, Nucleotide

.

5. “Darwin’s ‘theory of evolution’ is nothing more than a theory and doesn’t prove a thing” Provide a counter point to this statement both in terms of Nature of Science and the definition of theory but also in terms of empirical evidence and your own research.


6. Defend your classification with evidence from the characterizations of life….You are in awe of a new Tesla car which can maintain perfect homeostasis for occupants, utilizes technology to respond to stimuli while in automatic drive mode, requires energy input via a charger, and is clearly organized in a complex fashion. Is it alive?

7. Compare and Contrast Divergent and Convergent Evolution and give an example of each.

8. In Joseph Priestley’s experiment he first places a candle under a glass jar, the flame is then extinguished. He then places a live mint sprig (a plant) under the jar and after a few days the candle was able to be re-lite and burn for some time. This simple experiment demonstrates what about plants and the output of photosynthesis?


9. The picture below represents what process? When does it occur? What is the significance of the process, what does it do, why does it occur?

10. Why are logistical growth graphs more realistic than exponential growth, define carrying capacity in your answer, draw a basic graph of both


11. Properly identify each phase of Mitosis.Word Bank: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

12. Complete the Punnett squares below, give genotype and phenotype ratios

Cross a Tall plant (AA) and a short plant (aa), give genotype and phenotype

Cross a Tall plant (Aa) and a Tall plant (Aa), give genotype and phenotype

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