Kaylie ShafferMs. ElbertEnglish/Period 8March 11, 2013

The Great Gatsby Vocabulary StudyChapter 1:

Vulnerable (page 1) - adjective, to be open to being damaged physically or mentally

“In my younger and my vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I’ve been turning over in my mind ever since.”

Synonyms- susceptible, liable, sensitive

Antonyms- invulnerable, unexposed, guarded

Epigram (page 4) - noun, a poem that demonstrates satire or witty sayings

“This isn’t just an epigram–life is much more successfully looked at from a single window, after all.”

Synonyms- aphorism, proverb, maxim

Antonyms-

Conscientious (page 8) - adjective, conforming because of a conscience idea

“That other girl, Daisy, made an attempt to rise–she leaned slightly forward with a conscientious expression–then she laughed, an absurd, charming little laugh, and I laughed too and came forward into the room.”

Synonyms- ethical, honest, honorable

Antonyms- immoral, unjust, unprincipled

Languidly (page 11) - adverb, sluggish and weak due to exhaustion

“Slenderly, languidly, their hands set lightly on their hips, the two young women proceeded us out onto a rosy-colored porch, open toward the sunset, where four candles flickered on the table in the diminished wind.”

Synonyms- limp, spiritless, enervated

Adjectives- ambitious, animated, energetic

Intriguing (page 16) - adjective, inspiring interest to cause one to engage

“To a certain temperament the situation might have seemed intriguing-my own interest was to telephone immediately for the police.”

Synonyms- absorbing, consuming, engaging

Antonyms- boring, tedious, monotonous

Chapter 2:

Persistent (page 24) - adjective, continuing without any change in the structure

“I followed him over a low whitewashed railroad fence, and we walked back a hundred yards along the road under Doctor Eckleburg’s persistent stare.”

Synonyms- insistent, tenacious, preserving

Antonyms- hesitant, disloyal, surrendering

Sumptuous (page 25) – adjective, extremely expensive, luxurious, magnificent

“It had occurred to me that this shadow of a garage must be a blind, and that sumptuous and romantic apartments were concealed overhead, when the proprietor himself appeared in the door of an office, wiping his hands on a piece of waste.”

Synonyms- deluxe, lavish, palace

Antonyms- stingy, thrifty, frugal

Initiative (page 29) – adjective, readiness and ability in initiating action; ones personal decision“A reluctant elevator-boy went for a box full of straw and some milk, to which he added on his own initiative a tin of large, hard dog biscuit- one of which decomposed apathetically in the saucer of milk all afternoon.”Synonyms- action, ambition, driveAntonyms- reluctance, hesitation, passively

Proprietary (page 30) – noun, owning or belonging property“She came in with such a proprietary haste and looked around so possessively at the furniture that I wondered if she lived here.”Synonyms- branded, patented, trademarkedAntonyms- Strident (page 35) – adjective, commanding attention by a loud or harsh sound“I wanted to get out and walk eastward toward the park through the soft twilight, but each time I tried to go I became entangled in some wild, strident argument, which pulled me back, as if with ropes, into my chair.”Synonyms- noisy, loud, unrulyAntonyms- calm, quiet, silent

Chapter 3:

Cataracts (page 39) – noun, a descent of water over a steep surface; a furious rush of water“At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests driving from the tower of his raft, or taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two motor-boats slit the water s of the Sound, drawing aquaplanes over cataracts of foam.” Synonyms- flood, waterfall, overflowAntonyms- drought

Permeate (page 40) – verb, to pass or diffuse through“The bar is in full swing, and floating rounds of cocktails permeate the garden outside, until the air is alive with chatter and laughter, and casual innuendo and introductions forgotten on the spot, and enthusiastic meetings between women who never knew each other’s names.”Synonyms- transfuses, infuse, and passAntonyms- empty, drain, void

Sauntered (page 43) – verb, to walk about in an idle or leisurely manner

“With Jordan’s slender golden arm resting on mine, we descended the steps a sauntered about the garden.”Synonyms- stroll, wander, roam Antonyms- run, sprint, hurry

Inspired (page 44) – adjective, aroused or animated with the spirit to do something, by a divine influence“It was testimony to the romantic speculation he inspired that there were whispers about him from those who had found little that it was necessary to whisper about in this world”. Synonyms- boost, stimulate, enforceAntonyms- discourages, dishearten, dispirit.

Innuendo (page 44) – noun, a parenthetic explanation“There were three married couples and Jordan’s escort, a persistent undergraduate given to violent innuendo, and obviously under the impression that sooner or later Jordan was going to yield him up by her person to a greater or less degree.” Synonyms- allusion, hint, reference Antonyms- evidence, proof

Chapter 1:

Starting off as a journalist can be tough. It often takes a long time before any of your pieces are even looked at yet alone receiving a consistent pay. One may find themselves acting languidly because they are trying to meet deadlines and break the stories first. They often begin trying to write stories that they find intriguing but soon learn that that is a freedom one receives with experience and that in the beginning of their career they will be forced to write what they are told. Due to this constant control they often find themselves writing conscientiously because they want to leave a good impression not only on their boss, but on the readers as well. They will find themselves vulnerable to criticism and often hear things that they may not like, but this all come with becoming a better writer. In order to keep their hopes up, one may want to hang up an epigram on their desk just to keep their spirits high on their quest to the top.

Chapter 2:

Hannah was determined to buy herself a new pair of shoes. She had seen them in the window at the mall and the sparkle they gave off caught her eye. She had contemplated stealing them when she first saw them, but was discouraged by the thought of the strident alarm that would go off. She decided to work persistently for two weeks and put aside a certain amount of money so she would have enough at the conclusion of this time. She knew that it would not be easy and that she would have to show initiative on her part, but she was determined to achieve her goal. If she did, this would be the first sumptuous thing she had ever bought for herself since graduating college. It was important to her because she was just starting off and it was important for her to have a sense of proprietary. She knew that when she reached her goal, she would feel great and that it would be a true sense of accomplishment, which kept her working hard.

Chapter 3:

Marley loved to walk down the beach at her summer home. The calm wind through her hair and the cold sand sinking between her feet. She loved to dip her feet ever so slightly in the cataracts that the ocean would create just to feel a little bit of the large rush on her feet. The small jettys that guarded each beach allowed the water to permeate through its surface, which often created the most beautiful views of water splashing through the solid rock. She would tend to saunter along the length of four beaches before she decided it was time to take break. She would sit down in the sand and pat it flat around where she sat. Marley loved staring off into the sunset and observing the waves which always inspired her when she wrote her poems. The beautiful scenery is what attracted her to the beach at all times of day. The night was always her favorite as it was cool and the beaches often saw few visitors. She used calming innuendo in her work as she penned the creative pieces into her journal until deciding it was time to go home.

Chapter 4:

Punctilious (page 64) – adjective, strict or exact in the observance of the formalities or amenities of conduct or actions

“This quality was continually breaking through his punctilious manner in the shape of restlessness.”

Synonyms- precise, careful, scrupulous

Antonyms- careless, informal, easy going

Unfathomable (page 77) – adjective, not being completely understood, immeasurable

“She used to sit on the sand with his head in her lap by the hour, rubbing her fingers over his eyes and looking at him with unfathomable delight.”

Synonyms- infinite, abysmal, boundless

Antonyms- explainable, fathomable, comprehensible

Skepticism (page 79) – noun, doubt or unbelief

“Suddenly I wasn’t thinking of Daisy and Gatsby anymore, but of this clean, hard, limited person, who dealt in universal skepticism, and who leaned back jauntily just within the circle of my arm.”

Synonyms- disbelief, distrust, faithlessness

Antonyms- belief, godliness, piety

Jauntily (page 79) – adverb, sprightly, self-confidently

“Suddenly I wasn’t thinking of Daisy and Gatsby anymore, but of this clean, hard, limited person, who dealt in universal skepticism, and who leaned back jauntily just within the circle of my arm.”

Synonyms- briskly, gaily, happily

Antonyms- depressed, lethargic, lifeless

Wan (page 80) – adjective, lacking in forcefulness, competence, or effectiveness

“Her wan, scornful mouth smiled, and so I drew her up again closer, this time to my face.”

Synonyms- ashen, dim, faintAntonyms- colorful, flushed, strong

Chapter 5:

Gaudily (page 83) – adverb, marked by extravagance or sometimes tasteless showiness

“So I don’t know whether or not Gatsby went to Coney Island, or for how many hours he “glanced into rooms” while his house blazed gaudily on.”

Synonyms- flamboyant, glitzy, excessive

Antonyms- conservative, understated, quiet

Counterfeit (page 86) – adjective, made in imitation so as to be passed off fraudulently or deceptively as genuine, fake or simulated

“Gatsby, his hands still in his pockets, was reclining against the mantelpiece in a strained counterfeit of perfect ease, even of boredom.”

Synonyms- false, fraud, mock

Antonyms- genuine, real, true

Exaltation (page 89) – noun, the act of being praised

“He literally glowed; without a word or a gesture of exultation a new well-being radiated from him and filled the little room.”

Synonyms- acclaim, rise, tribute

Antonyms- debasement, denunciation, humiliaton

Vitality (page 95) – noun, the power to live or grow

“Daisy tumbled short of his dreams--not through her own fault, but because of the colossal vitality of his illusion.”

Synonyms- animated, energy, spirit

Antonyms- apathy, lethargy, dead

Illusion (page 95) – noun, the state or condition of being deceived

“Daisy tumbled short of his dreams--not through her own fault, but because of the colossal vitality of his illusion.”

Synonyms- hallucinating, delusion, fantasy

Antonyms- certainty, fact, reality

Chapter 4:

Ms. Brown was a wonderful teacher who devoted most of her time to contributing to the education of her students. Not only did she put in 100% during school, but she put in countless hours outside of it as well. She conducted herself jauntily as she taught, whether it was handing out papers or writing on the board, she always did it with a smile. Her students often found themselves enjoying their time in the class and got along well with her personality. They did tend to have a rough time with the unfathomable amount of work she gave. However, what they didn't realize was the lessons that it taught them. They unknowingly would become punctilious with deadlines and were more efficient when given an assignment. In their later years, they would often discover this for themselves and their skepticism would be gone. They would not find themselves wan like the other early employees around them, but were able to see themselves excelling in their workforce because of Ms. Brown and her tactics.

Chapter 5:

Hollywood is always portrayed as a lovely and extravagant place. Every street is covered in top dining cuisine and designer clothing. The streets are line with beautiful architecture and the cars that ride along the roads are only the best on the market. There is an illusion that everything and anything that may appear in this city is perfect in every way. However, it is often there that it can be seen that these are the people that have the greatest flaws. The have to attend parties and dozens of clothes that are paired gaudily with large stacks of jewelry. Their children are then influenced to live the exact same way and continue in the path no matter how much pressure it may seem to be. Some may even resort to counterfeit goods so that they can keep up with those around them even if they can't afford to. They receive exaltation for having the nicest house, the best job, the most fashionable outfit. Not for being a good mother, a good friend, or an honest human being. Many crash under the ideas that Hollywood has and find themselves beginning to crack. It is difficult to keep up a vitality that allows one to remain bulletproof to the negativity while absorbing all the ways to stay ahead. It seems that even those who appear to have it all together, may be more disheveled than any one else in the country.

Chapter 6:

Laudable (page 97) - adjective, deserving praise“This was his day off and with laudable initiative he had hurried out “to see”.”Synonyms- commendable, admirable, worthyAntonyms- bad, blameable, unworthy

Notoriety (page 97) – noun, reputation

“Gatsby’s notoriety, spread about by the hundreds who had accepted his hospitality and so become authorities upon his past, had increased all summer long until he fell just short of being news.”

Synonyms- fame, name, celebrity

Antonyms- shame, bad, infamous

Meretricious (page 98) – adjective, alluring by a show of flashy or vulgar attractions

“His father’s business, the service of a vast, vulgar, and meretricious beauty.”

Synonyms- blant, brazen, showy

Antonyms- genuine, unembelished, real

Turgid (page 99) – adjective, swollen

“The none too savory ramifications by which Ella Kaye, the newspaper woman, played Madame de Maintenon to his weakness and sent him to sea in a yacht, were common knowledge to the turgid sub-journalist of 1902.”

Synonyms- bloated, enlarged, inflated

Antonyms- plain, simple, small

Ingratiate (page 101) – verb, to get on someone’s good side

“For several weeks I didn’t see him or hear his voice on the phone-- mostly I was in New York, trotting around with Jordan and trying to ingratiate myself with her senile aunt- but finally I went over to his house one Saturday afternoon.”

Synonyms- attract, flatter, charm

Antonyms- deter, disgust, repel

Chapter 7:

Caravansary (page 114) – noun, an inn or hotel at which caravan used to rest at night

“So the whole caravansary had fallen in like a card house at the disapproval in her eyes.”

Synonyms- hotel, hospice, lodge

Antonyms-

Stagnant (page 118) – adjective, stopped advancement or development

“On the green Sound, stagnant in the heat, one small sail crawled slowly toward the fresher sea.”

Synonyms- dormant, still, inactive

Antonyms- moving, advancing, progressing

Indiscreet (page 120) – adjective, not discreet

“'She's got an indiscreet voice,' I remarked. 'It's full of-' I hesitated.”

Synonyms- indelicate, tactless, unwise

Antonyms- judicious, discreet, prudent

Emerged (page 122) – verb, to rise up and become known

“After a moment the proprietor emerged from the interior of his establishment and gazed hollow-eyed at the car.”

Synonyms- arise, materialize, surface

Antonyms- disappear, fade, leave

Presumptuous (page 135) – adjective, going over the boundaries

“Go on. He won't annoy you. I think he realizes that his little presumptuous little flirting is over.”

Synonyms- forward, presuming, immodest

Antonyms- modest, unassuming, humble

Chapter 6:

Jeffrey was a very determined athlete. People could see it from a very young age that he was going to be going places. It was no surprise to anyone when he became a nationally recognized swimmer in high school. He was able to ingratiate all those that he had met and that helped him gain support from any who followed his career. When he received a college scholarship, no one was surprised and he had become a notorious swimmer from his region of the country. He continued work hard in college and smash many records in his league, but this had all come to a halt when he learned that his ankle had become turgid do to a deep sprain. Yet he was not willing to let this stop him and he worked even harder to get back into the sport that he loved. So when he was able to make the Olympic team and his story was heard, many were inspired by his story. His continued training and achievements were laudable to anyone who watched him on the television. Not only was his success story great but his ability to remain down to earth was refreshing while he was surrounded by meretricious athletes.

Chapter 7:

Back in the old West, there were many different travelers that came through in search of gold. Some of those that seeked it had even emerged over time and received a legendary among those that followed. Many had hopes of striking a jackpot and returning home with a large fortune to provide for their families for years down the road. It was a tough trip and it was difficult journey for not only the pioneers but their families as well. Indian tribes had proved to be a problem as they would attack any who would come into their area. Indian attacks would tend be indiscreet because they knew they had the numbers and strength to take a family down. Due to this, many began to travel in caravans and would stay at caravansaries that provided shelter. Some of the pioneers would chose to do anything in order to get what they wanted. If it meant stealing or going long through the night they would. Yet, some of these pioneers chose to be too presumptuous and often made decisions that were immoral in addition to illegal. It was a battle of the fittest and only the strong survived. Once all the gold was thought to be found and the fights had ended, the life of a traveling pioneers to the deep West proved to be stagnant for a certain amount of time.

Chapter 8:

Pavilions (page 147) – noun, a part of a building that is unattached from the rest or a tent

“We pushed aside curtains that were like pavilions, and felt over innumerable feet of dark wall for electric light switches-once I tumbled with a sort of splash upon the keys of a ghostly piano.”

Synonyms- alcove, casino, kiosk

Antonyms-

Pervading (page 149) – verb, to become distributed entirely

“He felt their presence all about the house, pervading the air with the shades and echoes of still vibrant emotions.'

Synonym- permeate, riddle, transfuse

Antonyms- condense, contain, shrink

Redolent (page 151) – adjective, to give off a scent

“For Daisy was young and her artificial world was redolent of orchids and pleasant, cheerful snobbery and orchestras which set the rhythm of the year, summing up the sadness and suggestive of life in new tunes.”

Synonyms- perfumed, fragrant, scented

Antonyms- odorless, unscented, musty

Benediction (page 153) – noun, to show good wishes that promotes goodness

“The track curved and now it was going away from the sun, which, as it sank lower, seemed to spread itself in benediction over the vanishing city where she had drawn her breath.”

Synonyms- blessing, benison, approval

Antonyms- curse, malediction, execration

Pneumatic (page 161) – adjective, affected by air pressure/ a curvacious woman

“He stopped at the garage for a pneumatic mattress that had amused his guests during the summer, and the chauffeur helped him pump it up.”

Synonyms- shapely, curvy, filled out

Antonyms- plump, round, busty

Chapter 8:

Brooke was motivated more than ever to get out of bed that Saturday morning. Usually she would sleep for hours and dread any interruptions, but today was different. She was so excited to go into the park with her family and see her new cousins for the first time. Living in the east coast and having them on the west coast made it difficult to see them very often. The last time she had seen any of them she was 3 years old, so many of them she had not yet met or had to try hard to remember. Pictures and e-mails would not make up for the times when she could actually meet them in person. She had been writing one cousin for the past 3 years and was so elated when she found out she would have the opportunity to meet them. Her mother’s eagerness and her father’s memories relating to her cousins made her even more excited since the families were most likely full of benediction. When it was time to go she jumped out the door and ran to the car. After a short drive, Brooke pulled up to the pavilions that surrounded the park and admired the architecture for just a second. They made the park look beautiful and with the combination of the nice weather, Brooke new it was going to be a good day. They passed through several other families and their picnics. The scent of the BBQ’s pervading the air, the warm hot dogs and sizzling burgers sat on the portable grills. They reached the open spot that they had blocked off the day before for their event. Brooke assisted her mother in laying out the food while her father went back and forth between firing up the grill and giving her relatives directions to get to the park. Soon later, a caravan of cars pulled up. A pneumatic woman stepped out of the first and not shortly after did crowds of kids fly out of their seats and begin to run around. Cassie, the cousin Brooke had been writing, began to make her way over. She was redolent and well dressed which made her pleasant to be around. The two talked for the whole day and began to speak of plans to go to college together all the way through the rest of the evening.

Chapter 9:Pasquinade (page 163) – noun, satirical writing that can be seen in public places

“When Michaelis's testimony at the inquest brought to light Wilson's suspicions of his wife I thought the whole tale would shortly be served up in racy pasquinade-but Catherine, who might have said anything, didn't say a word.”

Synonym- satire, lampoon, parody

Antonym-

Sneer (page 169) – verb, to smile with contortions to express scorn or contempt

“However, that was my fault, for he was one of those who used to sneer most bitterly at Gatsby on courage of Gatsby's liquor, and I should have known better than to call him.”

Synonyms- snicker, smile, laugh

Antonyms- compliment, praise, support

Provincial (page 179) – noun, to become or be brought up in a province

“then he went into the jewelry store to buy a pearl necklace-or perhaps only a pair of cuff buttons-rid of my provincial squeamishness forever.”

Synonyms- countryman, hick, hillbilly

Antonyms- urbanite, metropolitan, suburbanite

Incessant (page 179) – adjective, going on without interruption

“I spent my Saturday nights in New York, because those gleaming, dazzling parties of his were with me so vividly that I could still hear the music and the laughter, faint and incessant, from his garden, and the cars going up and down his drive.”

Synonyms- ceaseless, continual, unbroken

Antonyms- discontinuous, split, periodic

Pandering (page 180) - verb, to supply satisfaction for one's desires

“Its vanished trees, the trees that had made way for Gatsby's house, once pandered in whispers to last the last and greatest of all human dreams; for a transitory enchanted moment man must have held his breath in the presence of this continent, compelled into an aesthetic contemplation he neither understood nor desired, face to face for the last time in history with something commensurate to his capacity for wonder.”

Synonyms- gratify, please, satisfy

Antonyms-deny, dissatisfy, refuse

Chapter 9:

Janet had been brought up her whole life to be a star. Ever since she was a baby she had been starring in commercials and it continued throughout her childhood as she became America's sweetheart. Her parents had always pushed her to do better and continue with her passion. For some this may have been too much, but Janet loved what she did and wanted to get better. She enjoyed entering classes and programs to make her get better, which is one of the reasons why she was able to become such a prominent actress. Growing up in a provincial neighborhood, she was given a number of opportunities that stemmed from her parents success. However, her parents grew up in the city and worked for every penny so that their daughter would be able to experience the things that they couldn't. Her hard work and dedication had pandered her parents expectations. She went on various tv show runs before she began her career in film. She won the hearts of many who then followed her on to the big screen where she began a ten year run of incessant films. After much success here, she decided to step out once again and began directing. Her first film received mixed reviews but she was very proud of the work produced by her cast and crew. She had seen a pasquinade while she sat in a coffee shop, but all she could do was sneer at the review. She knew what she had accomplished and she felt that her success was enough for her to be pleased with herself.

MORPHOLOGY CHART

WORD ADJECTIVE NOUN ADVERB VERB

VULNERABLE vulnerable vulnerability vulnerably

EPIGRAM epigram epigrammisteppigrammartism

CONSCIENTIOUS conscientious conscientiousness conscientiously

LANGUID languid languidness languidly

INTRIGUING intriguing

PERSISTENT persistent persistently

SUMPTUOUS sumptuous sumptuousness sumptuously

INITIATIVE initiative initiative

PROPRIETARY proprietary proprietary

STRIDENT strident stridently

CATARACTS cataractous cataracts

PERMEATE permeative permeation permeate

SAUNTERED sauntersaunterer

sauntered

INSPIRED inspiring inspired

INNUENDO innuendo

PUNCTILIOUS punctilious punctiliousness punctiliously

UNFATHOMABLE unfathomable unfathomableness unfathomably

SKEPTICISM skepticism

JAUNTILY jaunty jauntiness jauntily

WAN wan wanness wanly

GAUDILY gaudy gaudiness gaudily

COUNTERFEIT counterfeit counterfeitercounterfeitness

counterfeitly

EXALTATION exaltation

VITALITY vitality

ILLUSION illusioned illusion

LAUDABLE laudable laudabilitylaudableness

NOTORIETY notorious notorietynotoriuosness

notoriously

MERETRICIOUS meretricious meretriciousness meretriciously

TURGID Turgidityturgidnessturgid

turgidly

INGRATIATE ingratiatory ingratiation ingrat

CARAVANSARY caravansary

STAGNANT stagnant stagnancy stagnantly

INDISCREET indiscreet indiscreetness indiscreetly

EMERGED emergence emerge

PRESUMPTUOUS presumptuous presumptuousness presumptuously

PAVILLIONS pavilion

PERVADING pervade

REDOLENT redolent redolently

BENEDICTION benediction

PNEUMATIC pneumatic pneumaticity pneumatically

PASQUINADE pasquinade

SNEER sneerer sneer

PROVINCIAL provincial provincially

INCESSANT incessant incessantly

PANDERING panderer pander