End of Year Revision BookletYear 9 topics

Biology:Adaptation and Inheritance

Ecosystem Processes

Chemistry: Separation Techniques

Chemical Reactions

Physics:Motion and Pressure

Electricity and Magnetism

1. The Oryx is a kind of antelope that lives in the desert. Match the adaptation to its benefit.

large body saves water

concentrated urine stays out of the hot sun

wide feet heats up slowly

feeds at night does not sink in the sand

2. Fill in the missing words.

Foxes eat rabbits. The changes in the population of foxes affect the population of rabbits.

This is called ………………………………………...

Rabbits have ……………………………………….. to help them to survive.

There is ……………………………………….. between features of rabbits including their weight, length of ears and how fast they can run.

Rabbits ……………………………………….. with each other for food, space, and mates.

3. Variation can be inherited or caused by the environment. Tick the correct column for each characteristic.

Characteristic Environmental Inherited Both

eye colour

body mass

blood group

scar

adaptations compete variation interdependence

4. Circle the correct answers.

a Our body cells contain 10/23/26/46 chromosomes.

b The male sex cell is called the sperm/ovum/teste/ovary.

c The female sex cell is called the sperm/ovum/teste/ovary.

d Sex cells contain 10/23/26/46 chromosomes.

5. The snowshoe hare lives in Canada. The lynx is a wild cat that eats mainly snowshoe hares.

a) The population of hares increases. State what happens to the population of lynx.

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………b) Give one reason for your answer.

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………c) Hunters like to shoot lynx for their fur. If the hunters shot all of the lynx, what would happen to the population of hares?

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………d) Give one reason for your answer.

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

6. Fill in the missing words.

The genetic material in most human cells is kept in the cell .………………………………….

.………………………………… is coiled up tightly into .………………………………….

There is a .………………………………… for each inherited characteristic, such as eye colour.

7. Explain the images below using Darwin’s theory of natural selection

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

DNA chromosomes gene nucleus

8. Photosynthesis takes place in ………………..……………………….

Photosynthesis uses energy from the ………………..……………………….

Photosynthesis joins carbon dioxide and ………………..……………… to make ……………………..…………….

9. Match the word about plants to its definition.

stomata The green colour in leaves.

veins Tiny holes in a leaf.

chlorophyll Transport water and sugar in the leaf.

waxy layer A covering on the leaf.

10. A farmer notices that the plants in his wheat crop are turning yellow. The roots are growing normally and there are no dead patches on the leaves. a) State the mineral deficiency likely to have caused this to happen.

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………b) Explain why the leaves are turning yellow.

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………11. Most organisms use aerobic respiration to transfer the energy stored in food to their cells.

a) Complete the word equation for aerobic respiration.

glucose + ……………………………………….. → ………………………………….. + …………………..………………

b) State where respiration takes place in the cell.

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

c) Name two differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

d) Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animal cells

…………………………………… ……………………………………

e) Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant, bacteria and fungi

…………………………………… …………………………………… + ……………………………………

12. The structures of a plant leaf are adapted for photosynthesis.

a) Explain how each of these structures is adapted for photosynthesis.

i) Stomata

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

ii) Chloroplasts

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

b) State which layer of leaf tissue contains the most chloroplasts. Explain why.

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

c) The symbol equation for photosynthesis is below. Complete the symbol equation for photosynthesis.

CO2 + …………………………………… → C6H12O6 + ……………………………………(2 marks)13. Complete the missing keywords in this passage about coral reefs.

The coral reef is an …………………………………… where many different plants and animals depend on each other to survive.

The sea and the reef form the …………………………………… where the …………………………………… of corals, microorganisms, fish, crustaceans, and seaweeds live together.

Clown fish live in anemones. This is a …………………………………… where the clown fish eats, finds shelter and survives in a particular place on the reef. (4 marks)

14. Match the quantity to the correct unit.

distance

seconds

speed metres

time newton metres

moment

metres per second

15. A bicycle tyre contains gas. The tyre cannot expand (get bigger). a) Complete the following sentences.

community ecosystem habitat niche co-exist population

If you increase the temperature of the gas in the tyre then the pressure will

……………………..

This is because the particles in the gas are moving faster/slower and colliding less/more

often.

If air leaks out of the tyre, the gas pressure will …………………………

This is because there are …………………………molecules to collide with the walls.(5 marks)

b) Drew climbs up a mountain. State whether the atmospheric pressure increases or decreases.

………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

16. The graph below is a distance–time graph for a remote control car.a) State the section of the graph (A, B, C, or D) where the car is stationary (not moving).

…………………………………………………..…b) State the section of the graph (A, B, C,

or D) where the car is moving the slowest.

………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

c) Calculate the average speed of the car over the whole journey.

………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

d) Calculate the pressure exerted on a surface by a brick of weight 10 N. The area in contact with the surface is 20 cm2.

………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………Forces can produce turning forces, and forces acting on surfaces produce pressure.

e) The turning effect of a force is called a moment. Calculate the moment of a force of 3  N acting 0.2 m from a pivot.

………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

17. Filtration is a separation techniquea) Add labels to the diagram

b) Explain how filtration works, using the diagram below to help you

………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

18. Chromatography allows liquids with two different boiling points to be separated

a) Label the following diagram.

b) Explain how you could use this method to separate a mixture of ethanol (boiling point 80⁰C) and water (boiling point 100⁰C). Try to mention boiling points, evaporation and condensation in your answer.

………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

19. Food scientists test sweets to see if they contain a banned food dye.They test five sweets (A, B, C, D, and E) using paper chromatography.

a) Identify which one sweet (A, B, C, D, or E) may contain the banned food dye.

…………………………………………..………………………………………

b) Identify which one sweet, (A, B, C, D, or E) contains two food dyes not found in any of the others.

…………………………………………..………………………………………

c) Identify which one sweet, (A, B, C, D, or E) contains a dye that is not soluble in the solvent?

…………………………………………..………………………………………

20. Answer the following questions.

a) What is the unit for current? …………………………………………..……………………

b) What is the unit for potential difference? …………………………………………..……………………

c) What is the unit for resistance? …………………………………………..……………………

d) The higher the current, the faster/slower charges move around a circuit

e) As resistance increases, current increases/decreases.

21. Draw the circuit symbol for the following.

a) Bulb

b) Voltmeter

c) Ammeter

d) Switch

22. Use the rules for current and potential difference in series and parallel circuits to answer the questions below.

23. Find the value of the current for each of the unlabelled ammeters

24. Metals can react with a variety of substances. Write a word equation for each of the following scenarios.

a) The reaction of lithium with oxygen

………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

b) The reaction of Sodium with water

………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

c) The reaction of Calcium with

i) Hydrochloric acid

……………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

ii) Nitric acid

………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

iii) Sulphuric acid

………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………………………

25. Give three ways you can increase the strength of an electromagnet

1. ………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………

2. ………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………

3. ………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………

26. Sodium chloride is an ionic compound. Draw a dot and cross diagram showing this bond.