Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration: Processes for Cellular Energy: KEY

FLIP FLOPPhotosynthesis is a chemical reaction that converts light energy from the Sun to make chemical energy (glucose). It is probably the most important chemical reaction on Earth because it converts sunlight into a usable form of energy for life on Earth.

“Photo” means light and “synthesis” means to make.

What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is the process that converts (changes) sunlight into chemical energy (glucose)What does “synthesis” mean? Synthesis means “to make,” so photosynthesis means to make glucose from light.

Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts of the plant cell in the leaves of a plant.

-Inside the chloroplasts is a green pigment called chlorophyll that captures light.

What organelle does photosynthesis occur in? ChloroplastWhat captures the sunlight?Chlorophyll (a pigment in the chloroplast)

All chemical reactions begin with chemical reactants that are then changed into different chemicals called products. The order of the reaction is indicated with an arrow, which points from reactants to products. The formula for photosynthesis is:

6 CO2 + 6 H2O (with sunlight) C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Carbon Dioxide + Water (in sunlight) Glucose + Oxygen

What are the reactants of photosynthesis? The reactants (raw materials/ ingredients) are carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.

What does photosynthesis produce? Photosynthesis produces (creates) glucose (which is a sugar) and oxygen (the gas humans need to survive)

The sugar (glucose) is moved through phloem (food tubes) in the leaf to the roots, stems and fruits of the plants

Some of the sugar is used right away by the plant for energy; some is stored as starch; and some is built into plant tissue such as cellulose

How does the sugar move around the plant?It moves through the phloem How is the sugar used by plants?1. right away for immediate energy (for cellular respiration) 2. stored as starch for energy needs later

3. turned into cellulose for plants’ cell wallsMany plants look green because their chlorophyll reflects out green light while absorbing red and blue light. This is a graph of the rate of photosynthesis (- - line) vs. the absorption of color (solid line).

Why do plants usually look green?Because their chlorophyll reflects out green light, which makes it look green to usWhat wavelengths (colors) of light do plants absorb the most of?400 nanometers and 650 nanometers What wavelengths (colors) of light do plants photosynthesize the most to? Violet/ blue, and red-orangeWhat wavelengths (colors) of light do plants absorb the least of?550 nanometersWhat wavelengths (colors) of light do plants photosynthesize the least to?Green and yellowWhat is the relationship between the colors of light being absorbed and the colors of light for photosynthesis? The colors being absorbed don’t reflect out for us to see, so it looks green

Name:_____________________________

FLIP FLOPOnce the energy that was in sunlight is changed into chemical energy by photosynthesis. Organisms change the chemical energy into ATP, a form of energy that can be used by the organism. This process is cellular respiration.

What is cellular respiration? CR is the process that turns oxygen and sugar (the products of photosynthesis) into ATP, a molecule of energy that cells can use.

The formula for cellular respiration is: What are the reactants of cellular respiration? Glucose and oxygen What does cellular respiration produce? Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (energy molecules)

This is a diagram of a Mitochondrion. Respiration takes place in Mitochondria. Mitochondria are called the powerhouse of the cell because they produce ATP (energy molecules). The folded inside of the organelle means more respiration reactions can occur.

What organelle does cellular respiration occur in?Mitochondria

What is ATP?Molecules that store energy for the cell to use

Why are mitochondria the “powerhouse” of the cell?Because they produce ATP, which is the energy used by the cell

There are two types of cell respiration: Aerobic and Anaerobic. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen, while Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen. Anaerobic respiration only produces 2 ATP per glucose molecule, but Aerobic respiration is more efficient since it produces 38 ATP per glucose molecule.

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Aerobic uses oxygen, anaerobic does not

Aerobic produces _38_ ATP for each glucose.Anaerobic produces ___2____ ATP for each glucose.

Which type of respiration is better? Aerobic, because it produces more

Anaerobic respiration is also called Fermentation. There are two types of fermentation: 1) Alcoholic and 2) Lactic Acid fermentation. Both types of fermentation produce 2 ATP per glucose molecule. Alcoholic fermentation also produces alcohol. Lactic acid fermentation happens in our muscles, when you “feel the burn” that’s because of lactic acid buildup in your muscles.

What is fermentation? Anaerobic respiration

How much ATP does fermentation produce? 2 ATP per glucoseWhy do our muscles “burn” during exercise? Our muscles “burn” because without oxygen our muscles use anaerobic respiration which produces lactic acid which “burns” our muscles

Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration: The product of one process is the reactant of the

other! *flip flop Photosynthesis stores energy into glucose- Cell

Respiration releases energy from glucose Photosynthesis removes CO2 and respiration returns

CO2. Respiration uses O2 and photosynthesis returns O2.

Label the diagram to the right with arrows to show which direction the substances are moving. Draw arrows for oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, and water.

O2

CO2

H2O

Glucose