PREPARED BY: Anne BrinkleyNUMBER OF DAYS: 4-5 DaysOBJECTIVE/I CAN…4.03 Discuss basic animal principles and practices. Classify the different digestive systems of livestock animals, and then compare and contrast their use. Outline the different nutrients that animals need to live and classify different animal feeds.ESSENTIAL QUESTION: Why are there different types of animal breeds and how could this be helpful?

Day 1DO NOW: Write the following list of word and write what you believe the correct definition to be and then we will see if you have the correct one. Dairy- Cattle that are used to produce milkBeef- Cattle that are used for meatPolled- having no horns Swine- Hogs Sow- female hog

Boar- male hogEquine- horsesMare – female horseGelding – Castrated male horseStallion – male horse not gelded

AGENDAReview Do NowDifferent Animal Breeds PPT with notes [3.03A-E]Make your own livestockAnswer Essential question

Videos included in PPTU.S. Dairy Farmers Care – Merck Animal Health https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vS_PhiYmNJg Funny Goats Screaming like Humans https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlYlNF30bVg

Day 2 ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What is the key component in aquaculture? What type of production system would you use? Why?Day 2 DO NOW: What would be an advantage to raising fish in a contained area verses fishing for the fish? List 3-4 Pros and cons.AGENDA4.03 F Aquaculture PPT Book Reading pages 249-255 of the Agriscience bookReview with PPTEssential question

Day 3 ESSENTIAL QUESTION: Why do animals have different digestive systems?Day 3 DO NOW: Display the following items for the class to see (not touch) and have them record what they believe each item has to do with the digestive system. Inform them that each item may play a role or just represent something in the digestive system. Allow them 1-2 minutes to think about this and record their response. Have the students share their responses for the

items with you. Then explain that today we are going to explore the digestive system and learn how each of these items represents some part of our own digestive system. Items to be displayed: Apple, rubber tubing, funnel, beaker, white vinegar, sponge, mallet, paper towels.

AGENDAAnimal Anatomy walk around with Digestive system questionnaire [4.03 G]Intro to Digestion PPT [slides 1-10 copy bold]Introduction to Digestion LaboratoryAnswer Essential Question

Supplementary Lesson:Colorado Agriscience Curriculum

Day 4 ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How does the nutrition that we talk about with livestock relate to the nutrition that we need?Day 4 DO NOW: see Build your plate.AGENDAAnimal Nutrition and feed mix-up! [4.03H-I]*Farm Problems with Nutrition or Hieroglyphics Moment*Answer Essential Question

Optional Day 5 DO NOW: Hieroglyphics MomentAGENDADo NowFarm ProblemsAnswer Essential Question

Materials Needed:

Day 1 Copy notes, note cards for Animal Breed Identification, and copies of livestock to colorDay 3 Apple, rubber tubing, funnel, beaker, distilled white vinegar, sponge, mallet, paper towels, Lab Instruction Sheet, handouts of digestive systems, Digestive system questionnaire copy for every student, Part host guest cards, finger paint, and paper to paint.Day 4/5 Students notes for Animal and Feed Mix-Up, Nutrients and classes of feed cards, description of nutrients and classes of feed and game card, and Farm Problems.

Day 2 Video Cited:Bakker, Peter. Recirculating Aquaculture Systems = Aquaponics made easy. YouTube.

Published 9 Aug 2013. Date Accessed 2 Dec 2013. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EOEC2 WYrwk&feature=youtube_gdata_player>

Farm Bureau Arkansas. World’s Largest Fish Hatchery.. YouTube. Published 4 June 2014. Date Accessed 21 November 2017.< https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPEKCreCpxU>

Reading Cited:Managing Iowa Fisheries – Cage Fish Culture. ISU Fisheries Extension. Revised June 2009.

Date Accessed: 30 Nov 2013 <http://www.extension.iastate.edu/fisheries/publications/ pm1352c.pdf>

BLOOM’S TAXONOMY Creating Evaluating Analyzing Applying Understanding Remembering

21ST CENTURY SKILLS Problem Solving Collaboration Communication Creativity and Innovation Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Information/Media/Technology Real World Application Interdisciplinary Life and Career

Options

Write the following list of words, this is part of your new vocabulary list. Write what you believe the correct definition to be and then we will see if you have the correct one. You will have a vocabulary quiz so make sure to keep it handy.Ruminant – animal that has four stomachsNonruminant/Monogastric- animals that have only one stomachGizzard – grinds up poultry’s food (in digestive tract)-or- Party Host moment (see paper)AGENDADo NowStudents create the main digestive tracts with finger paint (ruminant, nonruminant and maybe gizzard)

Supplementary Videos to add humor:How animals eat their food l MisterEpicMann https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnydFmqHuVo

How Animals Eat Their Food Part 2 l MisterEpicMann https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ip2qchPjk-I&src_vid=qnydFmqHuVo&feature=iv&annotation_id=annotation_3059401819

COURSE: AU10 Agriscience Applications Unit B Agriscience Industries

ESSENTIAL STANDARD: 4.00 18% C2 Understand the animal industry (large

animal, poultry, equine, and aquaculture).

OBJECTIVE: 4.03 10% C2 Understand basic animal principles and practices.

References:Agriscience Fundamentals and Applications, Cooper, pp. 598-612, 239-249, 518-534

A. Dairy1. Holstein are known for their black and white markings and for producing the most milk. Ninety percent of dairy cattle in the US are Holstein.2. Jersey, though the smallest dairy breed, is the second most popular breed due to its’ number one rank in butterfat production.3. Guernsey and Ayrshire are other popular dairy breeds.

B. Beef1. Predominant English breeds in the U.S.

a. Angus – black breed of cattle known for excellent meat quality.b. Hereford (horned and polled) – are red cattle with a white face.

2. Exotic breeds were imported into the U.S. when consumers began demanding leaner meat.

a. Exotic breeds have calves that grow faster than English breeds.b. Example: Simmental

3. American breeds were developed to withstand the heat and resistance to disease and parasites in the South and Southwest.

a. American breeds resulted from crossing Brahman cattle from India with English breeds.b. The result was increased heat tolerance and disease and parasite resistance of Brahman and the meat quality of the English breeds.c. Example: Brangus the result of Brahman x Angus.

C. Swine1. The swine industry has changed greatly from the lard type hogs of the past to the lean type hogs in demand today.2. Types of swine operations:

a. Feeder –pig producersb. Market –hog producersc. Farrow to Finish producers

3. Purebred producers produce high-quality boars.a. To improve the genetic make-up of one breed of swine.b. Purebred boars bred to crossbred sows increase hybrid vigor (ex. muscling).c. Duroc, Hampshire and Yorkshire are the most popular U.S. purebred breeds today.

D. Poultry1. Chickens are classified as layers or broilers

a. Broilers are young chickens grown for their meat. Most broilers can trace their ancestors back to the Cornish breed.b. Layers are chickens developed to produce large numbers of eggs (White leghorn –foundation breed).

2. Breedsa. White Leghorn (layer) – are white bodied with red combs.b. Nearly all of the broiler and layer types used in the industry today are the result of crossbreeding to maximize production.

3. Turkeys -90% of commercially raised turkeys are the Broad-Breasted White variety.4. Most poultry farms have thousands of birds in production.

E. Equine1. Uses

a. Showb. Racingc. Recreation- pleasure riding, rodeo, draft horses, etc.

2. Breeds – 3 of the most popular breeds of light horses in the U.S.a. Quarter horse – riding, hunting, and working cattleb. Thoroughbred c. Arabian

F. Aquaculture 1. Water Quality – the key/challenge to production of aquatic organisms. Water characteristics are measured regularly depending on the production system.

a. Dissolved oxygen (DO) levels in any fish system can become so low that fish die. 1) DO levels are measured by oxygen probes or chemical tests and reported as 0-10 ppm.2) Most fish can survive as low as 3 parts per million (ppm) DO but become stressed and succumb to other problems. 3) Rainbow trout require excellent or high levels of DO and can only be cultured in oxygen –saturated water.4) Aerators are used to improved oxygen levels.

b. pH – the measurement of acidity or alkalinity in water.1) This factor affects the toxicity of soluble nutrients in the water.2) Measured using a meter or litmus paper.3) The scale is 0-14. Neutral is 7, below 7 is acidic and above 7 is alkaline.4) Most aquatic plants and animals prefer a pH between 7 and 8.

c. Ammonia/nitrite/nitrate – waste products of aquatic animals that must be monitored. Ammonia and nitrite can accumulate to a level that is toxic to fish and often limits commercial production.

1) Nitrate is ultimately converted to nitrogen gas or absorbed by plants.2) The toxicity of ammonia is dependent on the pH.

2. Production systemsa. Caged Culture - contains the aquatic animals in a small area of a pond.

1) Fish can be monitored for better growth rates and feeding purposes.2) Water quality must be monitored to insure that the fish are not stressed since fish cannot move to other sections of the pond during stressful weather conditions.

3) Roll over is a condition where a pond’s water quality suddenly changes during certain weather conditions bring less-oxygenated water to the surface causing fish to die.

b. Recirculating Tanks – circulate water (including waste) through a biological purifier and return it to the tank.c. Hatcheries – supply fry or larvae to units for fingerling production.

3. Examples of fish adapted to aquaculture systems:a. Trout are adapted to systems involving cold (approximately 56 degrees F), running water.b. Tilapia, catfish and striped bass are commonly raised species in warmer water.

G. Animal Anatomy1. Digestive system of the Ruminant

a. Cattle, sheep, goats, and deer are examples of ruminants which means they have four stomach compartments.b. Ruminants can tolerate more roughage in their diet due to the compartment called the rumen.

2. Digestive System of a Monogastric animala. Swine, horses and many other animals are monogastric meaning they have one stomach compartment. b. Their digestive system is similar to that of a human.c. They are unable to break down large amounts of roughage. d. Rations must be high in concentrates (ie. grains).

3. Digestive system Poultrya. Poultry have no true stomachs and can only store small amounts of food in its digestive system.b. Chickens have no teeth. Food is swallowed whole, stored in the crop, and passed on to the gizzard where it is ground up. c. Rations must be high in food value. Poultry are very efficient at converting feed but not having a true stomach have little room for storage of food.

H. Animal Nutrition1. Water- Regulates body temperature, dissolves and transports nutrients.2. Protein – Builds muscle.3. Carbohydrates

a. Provides energy for animals.b. Makes up about 75 % of most animal rations.c. Corn or other cereal grains are the major source of carbohydrates.

4. Mineralsa. Calcium is one of the major minerals and is found in ground limestone.b. Calcium is needed in poultry feed for eggshell development.c. Minerals are supplied by mineral supplements and are a primary aid in the development of bones and teeth.

5. Vitamins – are needed by animals in minute quantities to help all body functions. Vitamins also help prevent many livestock diseases.6. Fats – only small amounts of fat are required in most animal diets.

I. Classes of Feeds1. Concentrates are low in fiber and high in nutrients.

a. Cereal grains such as corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye and milo are the major source of most concentrates.b. Other sources include by-products of grain and animals.

2. Roughages are high in fiber a. Dry roughage is hay. Examples include Bermuda, fescue, and alfalfa.b. Green roughage includes the pasture grasses. Examples include Bermuda, fescue, Kentucky bluegrass.c. Silage is a roughage that results from storage and fermentation of green crops. Most common example is corn silage.

COURSE: AU10 Agriscience Applications Unit B Agriscience Industries

ESSENTIAL STANDARD: 4.00 18% C2

Understand the animal industry (large animal, poultry, equine, and aquaculture).

OBJECTIVE: 4.03 10% C2 Understand basic animal principles and practices.

Suggested Activities 4.03

Activity Number Activity4.03.01 Breed Research Activity-Students will research one breed of livestock

assigned by their instructor and report their findings to the class. A recommended reference is www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/

4.03.02 Cereal Grains and Roughages PowerPoint Activity – Students will create a PowerPoint of all of the cereal grains and roughages.

Activity 4.03.02

Cereal Grains and Roughages PowerPoint Activity – Students will create a PowerPoint of all of the cereal grains and roughages listed in the instructional outline.

Each slide should have 3 pictures and a title.

A field of the crop growing. A close-up of the feed crop. A picture of the crop being grazed, baled, harvested or some other relevant picture.

Activity 4.03.01

Breed Research Activity Students will research one breed of livestock assigned by their instructor and report their findings to the class. A recommended reference is www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/

Name ___________________________________________

1. Breed Name _____________________________________

2. Type (cattle, sheep, etc) ____________________________

3. Origin (country) ___________________________________

4. Description _____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

5. Female mature weight ________________

6. Male mature weight _________________

7. Exceptional characteristics ______________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

8. Products for which it’s known____________________________________________

Activity 5.03.08

Fish Hatchery Worksheet

Directions: Using the www.ncwildlife.org website answer the following questions.

1. Which hatchery is closest to your school? ____________________________

2. Is this a hatchery (#1) a warm, cool or coldwater hatchery? _______________

3. What are the main species of fish raised at this hatchery?

4. What is the division’s sole cool water hatchery? _____________________________

5. Where is this hatchery located (county/region of the state)? ____________________

6. What species are raised at this hatchery? __________________________________

7. What is done with the fish raised in these hatcheries?

__________________________________________________________________

8. If you wanted to stock a private pond/lake where would you get fish from?

9. What are 3 species of fish raised at warmwater hatcheries? ___________________

10. If you wanted to work at a fish hatchery, by whom would you be employed?

____________________________________________________________

Make your Own Livestock

Making your own livestock is done to get students involved in making a breed of livestock. Students are to pick a livestock picture from teacher selected array of livestock pictures. Students are to color the picture, and include the following information:

▫ Pros and cons of “NEW” breed (5 total)▫ Weight▫ Use▫ Name your bred▫ Your name on paper

5 points for each of the following: students name on paper, weight, use, name of breed, color, and each pros/cons given (5 total) = 50 points Classwork

▫ Pros and cons of “NEW” breed▫ Weight▫ Use▫ Name your bred▫ Your name on paper▫ Color

▫ Pros and cons of “NEW” breed▫ Weight▫ Use▫ Name your bred▫ Your name on paper▫ Color

▫ Pros and cons of “NEW” breed▫ Weight▫ Use▫ Name your bred▫ Your name on paper▫ Color

▫ Pros and cons of “NEW” breed▫ Weight▫ Use▫ Name your bred▫ Your name on paper▫ Color

▫ Pros and cons of “NEW” breed▫ Weight▫ Use▫ Name your bred

▫ Your name on paper▫ Color

Livestock Walk Through – 50 points ClassworkStudents will walk around to the different stations set up of the different kinds of livestock. At each station the students will fill out the Livestock breed paper according to the information at the stations. The stations are as follows: Dairy Cattle, Beef Cattle (there will be two Beef Cattle stations), Swine, Poultry and Equine. Students are to then hand in their paper for a grade. (2 points each question unless otherwise stated)Dairy Cattle: 1. What type of dairy cow produces the most milk and make up 90% of U.S. Dairy Cows? _______________

2. What color is the Holstein Dairy Cow? ______________________________________________________

3. Why is the Jersey cow the second most popular dairy cow? ____________________________________

Beef Cattle:

What are the two predominant English breeds in the U.S? Write the two traits that go with each breed.

4. _________________________

a. ______________________________________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________________________________

5. __________________________

c. ______________________________________________________________________________

d. ______________________________________________________________________________

6. Why were exotic breed imported into the U.S.? ________________________________________________

7. Exotic breeds of beef cattle calves grow ___________________ than English breeds.

8. American breeds have these three traits from the Brahman breed 1. ____________ _______________ and

2. ______________________ and 3. __________________________ __________________________.

Then the ____________________ quality of the English breeds (8 points total)

Swine:

9. Past the swine industry wanted __________________________ type hogs.

10. Today ________________________ type hogs are in demand.

11. Purebred produces produce high-quality boars improve the __________________makeup of a single breed.

12. When you cross purebred boars with crossbred sows = _______________ _____________ ____________

Poultry:

13. Broilers are ____________________________________________________________________________.

14. Layers ________________________________________________________________________________

15. 90% of Turkeys are the _____________________-___________________ __________________ variety.

Equine: What are the three most popular breeds of light horses in the U.S.?

16.

17.

18.

Livestock Walk Through – 50 points ClassworkStudents will complete this notes guide as they follow along with the PowerPoint slides.

(2 points each question unless otherwise stated)Dairy Cattle: 1. What type of dairy cow produces the most milk and make up 90% of U.S. Dairy Cows? _______________

2. What color is the Holstein Dairy Cow? ______________________________________________________

3. Why is the Jersey cow the second most popular dairy cow? ____________________________________

Beef Cattle:

What are the two predominant English breeds in the U.S? Write the two traits that go with each breed.

4. _________________________

a. ______________________________________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________________________________

5. __________________________

a. ______________________________________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________________________________

6. Why were exotic breed imported into the U.S.? ________________________________________________

7. Exotic breeds of beef cattle calves grow ___________________ than English breeds.

8. American breeds have these three traits from the Brahman breed 1. ____________ _______________ and

2. ______________________ and 3. __________________________ __________________________.

Then the ____________________ quality of the English breeds (8 points total)

Swine:

9. Past the swine industry wanted __________________________ type hogs.

10. Today ________________________ type hogs are in demand.

11. Purebred produces produce high-quality boars improve the __________________makeup of a single breed.

12. When you cross purebred boars with crossbred sows = _______________ _____________ ____________

Poultry:

13. Broilers are ____________________________________________________________________________.

14. Layers ________________________________________________________________________________

15. 90% of Turkeys are the _____________________-___________________ __________________ variety.

Equine: What are the three most popular breeds of light horses in the U.S.?

16.

17.

18.

Livestock Walk Through – 50 points ClassworkDairy Cattle:1. What type of dairy cow produces the most milk and make up 90% of U.S. Dairy Cows? Holstein2. What color is the Holstein Dairy Cow? __black and white______________3. Why is the Jersey cow the second most popular dairy cow? __#1 in butterfat production___________

Beef Cattle:

What are the two predominant English breeds in the U.S? Write the two traits that go with each breed.

4. __Angus_______ (2)a. ____Black breed of cattle_________________________________________ (2)

b. _____Excellent meat quality__________________________________________________ (2)

5. ___Hereford________ (2)

a. _____Horned and Polled__________________________________ (2)

b. ______Red Cattle with White faces______________________________________________ (2)

6. Why were exotic breed imported into the U.S.? ___leaner meat_______________________________

7. Exotic breeds of beef cattle calves grow __faster______ than English breeds.

8. American breeds have theses three traits from the Brahman breed 1. Heat ________ tolerance____ and 2. __disease_____ and 3. ____parasite _______ _______Resistance_________ .Then the ____meat ___ quality of the English breeds (8 points total)

Swine:9. Past the swine industry wanted _____lard__________ type hogs.

10. Today ____lean_____ type hogs are in demand.

11. Purebred produces produce high-quality boars improve the ____genetic_____ makeup of a single breed.

12. When you cross purebred boars with crossbred sows = ___increase___ ____hybrid___ ____vigor__

Poultry:13. Broilers are __young chickens grown for meat________________________________________________.

14. Layers _________produce large numbers of eggs______________________________________________

15. 90% of Turkeys are the ___Broad_____-___Breasted_____ ___White__ variety.

Equine: What are the three most popular breeds of light horses in the U.S.?16. Quarter Horse17. Thoroughbred18. Arabian

Aquaculture Videos -KEY

Questions to consider for videos:

Recirculating Aquaculture: 1. What two components go into aquaponics? Feeding fish and growing plants2. Is aquaponics organic? Yes3. How does it work?Fish are feed and excrete ammonia. Bacteria eat ammonia and make nitrate. Plant use nitrate and act as a filter to clean the water that is cycled back to the fish.

Fish Hatchery:1. What is the most important thing that they offer to the fish? Clean water2. Is this an easy job? No this is back breaking work3. What does the Hatchery sit on top of? The Mohamad aquifer4. What is the temperature of the aquifer? 54 degrees Cold!

Aquaculture Reading1. Cage system makes ___observation___ and __sampling____ simplified which means it can be _monitored___

easier.

2. The greater the__density_____ the more ____difficult___ to manage.

3. Trout like __cold__ water (__56__ degrees F)

4. What is a key and also a challenge to the production of aquatic organisms? ____dissolved Oxygen_____

5. Dissolved Oxygen is reported as ___0-10___ ppm.

6. What are used to improve oxygen levels? _______aerators______

7. Describe Roll Over: __________where a pond’s water quality suddently changes during certain weather conditions (LESS OXYGEN)_____________

8. Recirculating Tanks circulate ___water____ (including waste) through a ___biological__ purifier and return it to the ___tank_____.

9. pH measures ___acidity___ and ___alkalinity____.

10. pH can also affect ___toxicity____ of soluble __nutrients___ in water.

11. These are waste products of aquatic animals that must be monitored: ___ammonia___, ___nitrite____, _____nitrate____

12. ___ammonia______ and ____nitrite___ can become toxic to fish.

13. Fish Hatcheries supply ___fry____ (larvae) for fingerling production.

Aquaculture1. What is a key and also a challenge to the production of aquatic organisms?

________________________________

2. Dissolved Oxygen is reported as ______________ ppm.

3. What are used to improve oxygen levels? ___________________________

4. Describe4 Roll Over: ________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

5. Cage system makes ________________ and ________________ simplified which means it can be _________________ easier.

6. The greater the_________________ the more __________________ to manage.

7. Trout like __________ water (______ degrees F)

Recirculating Aquaculture: 8. What two components go into aquaponics?

9. Is aquaponics organic?

10. How does it work?

11. Recirculating Tanks circulate ____________ (including waste) through a ________________ purifier and return it to the ______________.

12. pH measures _____________ and ______________.

13. pH can also affect _______________ of soluble _____________ in water.

14. These are waste products of aquatic animals that must be monitored: ____________________, _________________, _____________________

15. ___________________ and _______________ can become toxic to fish.

Fish Hatchery:16. What is the most important thing that they offer to the fish?

17. Is this an easy job?

18. What does the Hatchery sit on top of?

19. What is the temperature of the aquifer?

20. Fish Hatcheries supply __________ (larvae) for fingerling production.

Name of System:DescriptionPros Cons (Concerns)

Name of SystemPro Con

Name of SystemPro Con

Name of SystemPro Con

21.

Build your Plate

Provide students with a standard 8” paper plate.

Directions: Draw on this plate a meal you have had recently. Everything that you ate! Label what everything is on the plate and label why you need to eat it.

Give the students five minutes to create their plate.

Once five minutes has passes ask someone to demonstrate or a volunteer to tell us what is on their plate.

Try to get some of the following answers as to why some of the food is on their plate:

Water: Regulates body temperature, dissolves and transports nutrients; digest food, absorb nutrients, and get rid of unused waste

Protein: Builds and repairs tissue (muscle), body’s building blocks Carbohydrates: Main source of energy. Simple = fruits, vegetables, and milk as well as

sweeteners Complex = bread, cereals, pasta, rice, beans and peas, and starchy vegetables. Also supplies fiber

Minerals: helps with body function. Calcium – builds strong bones and teeth, Sodium (comes from salt) - too much can raise blood pressure

Vitamins: helps your body to grow and work. 13 vitamins: C, A, D, E, K and B. Vitamins help you resist infections, keeps you nerves healthy, and help to get energy from food or blood to clot.

Fats: only needed in small amounts, help in brain development. Give you energy and help to feel satisfied after eating. Types are Monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, saturated and trans fat. Mono and poly are liquid at room temp while saturated and trans fat are solid at room temp.

Information found in What’s On Your Plate? U.S. Departments of Health and Human Services

Digestive system questionnaire 50 points classwork (2pts for every blank unless otherwise stated)

Ruminant:1. Ruminants have ______________ (number) stomach compartments. They are

the ________________, __________________, ___________ and the ______________________.

2. Ruminants can tolerate ________________________, since they have a ______________ (type of compartment) and can digest it easier.

3. Examples of Ruminants:a.

b.

c.

d.

Nonruminant/Monogastric4. Mono = __________

5. Gastric = ____________________

6. Monograstric animals eat more ratios high in ______________________ than _________________________ because they cannot break it down.

7. Examples of Monogastrics:a.

b.

c.

Poultry8. True or False: Poultry do not have a true stomach

9. The ___________________ is where food is mixed with digestive juices and grounded up.

10.Poultry rations need high _____________ value. ( 8 pts) Why?

Digestive system questionnaire – 50 points classwork – answer key

Ruminant:

1. Ruminants have ___4_____ (number) stomach compartments. There are the _____reticulum___, __rumen_____, omasum_____ and the _____abomasum____.

2. Ruminants can tolerate _____grass/roughage____, since they have a ___rumen___ (type of compartment) and can digest it easier.

3. Examples of Ruminants:a. cattleb. sheepc. goatsd. deer

Nonruminant/Monogastric

4. Mono = _one5. Gastric = __stomach 6. Monograstric animals eat more ratios high in ___concentrates/grains______

than _____roughage/hay & grass__because they cannot break it down.7. Examples of Monogastrics:

a. Swineb. Horsesc. Humans

Poultry

8. True or False: Poultry do not have a true stomach9. The ___gizzard____ is where food is mixed with digestive juices and grounded

up.10. Poultry rations need high food value. Why? They do not have the room to

store the food and do not have a true stomach (8 pts)

Animal and Feed Mix-Up – Directions:Students are to get into six groups. Each group will receive a bag with the nutrient or the class of feed and the description that corresponds to the cards, and a game board. Students are to match up the correct nutrient or class of feed to the description. When finished students are to have the teacher check their answers, if correct they can copy the information, if incorrect they try until it is correct. Notes for students to fill out are provided.

Animal and Feed Mix-Up – Answer Key

Water Regulates body temperature Dissolves nutrients Transports nutrientsProtein Builds muscle Develops and repairs body organs/tissuesCarbohydrates Provides energy for

animalsMakes up about 75% of most animal rations

Corn and other cereal grains are the major source

Minerals Calcium is one of the major ______and found in ground limestone

Needed in poultry food for eggshell development

Supplied by mineral supplements

Primary aid in the development ofBones and teeth

Vitamins Needed by animals in minute (small) quantities

Help prevent many livestock diseases

Help all body functions

Fats Only small amounts are required

Aids in absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

Feeds- Concentrates

Low in fiber and high in nutrients

Major sources cereal grains (Corn, Wheat, Oats, Barley, Rye, Milo)

Other sources:By-products of grainBy-products of animals

Feeds – Roughages

High in fiber Dry = hay (Bermuda, fescue, and alfalfa)

Green = include pasture grasses (this is a major food for cattle)

Silage results from storage and fermentation of green crops(Most common – Corn Silage)

Water Water Water

Protein Protein Minerals

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Carbohydrates

Minerals Minerals Minerals

Vitamins Vitamins Vitamins

Fats Fats Feeds – Roughages

Feeds- Concentrates Feeds- Concentrates Feeds- Concentrates

Feeds – Roughages Feeds – Roughages Feeds – RoughagesNutrients and classes of feed cards

Description of nutrients and classes of feed

Regulates body temperature Dissolves nutrients Transports nutrients

Builds muscle Develops and repairs body organs/tissues

Primary aid in the development of bones and teeth

Provides energy for animals

Makes up about 75% of most animal rations

Corn and other cereal grains are the major

source

Calcium is one of the major ______and found

in ground limestone

Needed in poultry food for

eggshell development

Supplied by mineral supplements

Needed by animals in minute (small)

quantities

Help prevent many livestock

diseases

Help all body functions

Only small amounts are

required

Aids in absorption of fat-soluble

vitamins

Silage results from storage and fermentation of green

crops (Most common – Corn Silage)

Low in fiber and high in nutrients

Major sources cereal grains (Corn, Wheat,

Oats, Barley, Rye, Milo)

Other sources:By-products of grain

By-products of animals

High in fiber Dry = hay (Bermuda, fescue, and alfalfa)

Green = include pasture grasses (this is a major

food for cattle)

Game Card

Name Description

Students notes for Animal and Feed Mix-Up – 50 Points Classwork (2pts every blank)

Water

1. Regulates ____________________ 2. Dissolves ____________________ 3. Transports _______________

Protein

4. (2 words) _______________ __________________________

Carbohydrates

5. What do carbohydrates provide for animals? ____________________

6. What are the two major sources of carbohydrates? a. ______________________ b. ___________________

Minerals

7. Calcium is found in __________________ ________________.

8. Calcium is needed in poultry for ____________________ _________________________.

Vitamins

9. What kind of quantity of vitamins do animals need? ___________________

10. What do vitamins help prevent? _______________ ___________________.

Fats

11. Only ____________________ amounts ______________________ in most animal diets.

Feeds – Concentrates

12. List at least three examples: a. __________________________ b. ___________________________

c. __________________________

Feeds – Roughages

13. What is an example of dry roughage? _________________

14. What does green roughage include? __________________ _______________________

15. What is a major food for cattle? _____________________

Students notes for Animal and Feed Mix-Up – KEY – 50 Pts classworkWater 1. Regulates ___body temp____ 2. Dissolves ___nutrients_______ 3. Transports ____nutrients__

Protein

4. (2 words) ____builds____ ______muscle__________

Carbohydrates

5. What do carbohydrates provide for animals? ____energy______ 6. What are the two major sources of carbohydrates? 1. ____corn______ 2. ______cereal grains_____

Minerals

7. Calcium is found in _ground______ ___limestone_____.8. Calcium is needed in poultry for ______eggshell___ ______development_______.

Vitamins

9. What kind of quantity of vitamins do animals need? ___small_____ 10. What do vitamins help prevent? ____livestock__ _____diseases_____.

Fats

11. Only _____small____ amounts ______required________ in most animal diets.

Feeds – Concentrates

12. List at least three examples: a. _____corn wheat______ b._____ oats barley____

c. ______rye mile____

Feeds – Roughages

13. What is an example of dry roughage? _______hay_14. What does green roughage include? _____pasture____ ______grasses______

15. **What is a major food for cattle? __green roughages___________

Old McDonald Farm

OH NO!! One of Old McDonald’s Cattle is not looking too hot! Luckily you are an expert now in animal nutrition and can help Old McDonald out.

Here are the cattle’s three symptoms:

1. The legs on his cattle are looking like the muscles are not growing correctly. 2. Look at his cattle eyes! It almost looks like it is unable to regulate its body temperature.3. Sometimes his cattle seem to be a little clumsy but this could be because their body cannot function

correctly.

What could Old McDonald add to his cattle’s food to help with these three problems?

Betsy’s Old Time Farm

OH NO!! One of Betsy’s swine is not looking too hot! Luckily you are an expert now in animal nutrition and can help Betsy out.

Here are the swine’s three symptoms:

1. Her swine seem to have no energy; they are lying around and only getting up for food and water.2. Her swine’s teeth seem to not be developing very well. She has found that they are chipped easily.3. As you can see in the picture she takes their temperature regularly and they seem to not be able to regulate

their body temperature.

What could Betsy add to her swine’s food to help with these three problems?

Cory’s Complication Chickens

Cory is having trouble with his chickens! Luckily you are now an expert with chicken nutrition and can help him out!

Here are the three symptoms that his chickens are experiencing:

1. The chicken’s eggs seem to be soft and break easily.2. The chickens easily pick up diseases.3. He has added nutrients to their feed but it seems to not be absorbed very well.

What could Cory add to his chickens’ food to help with these three problems?

Fred’s Weird Sheep

Fred knows his has some weird sheep, which is why he loves them, but lately he has noticed that his sheep are being more than just a little weird. It is almost as if his sheep are becoming sick and he does not know why. He was hoping that you the expert on animal nutrition could help him out!

Here are the three symptoms that Fred has noticed:

1. His sheep has been breaking their bones easily and he has had to put many of them in cast because of it.2. He has been giving them fat-soluble vitamins but it seems like they are not being absorbed correctly.3. They seem to running a temperature and are unable to regulate it.

What could Fred add to his sheep’s’ food to help with these three problems?

Jacobs Jumping Horses

OH NO!! Jacobs’s wonderful jumping horses are suddenly feeling ill and he does not know why. He has called you up the expert in animal nutrition to figure out what is happening to his horses.

Here are the three symptoms:

1. His horses seem to be breaking their bones easily.2. His horses are use to rigorous exercises but lately it seems that their body is not functioning correctly.3. His is giving them extra nutrients but they seem as if they are unable to dissolve them correctly.

What could Jacob add to his horses’ food to help with these three problems?

Answers to Animal Farm Problems:

Old McDonald Farm – 1. Protein, 2. Water 3. Vitamins

Betsy’s Old Time Farm – 1. Carbohydrates 2. Minerals 3. Water

Cory’s Complication Chickens - 1. Minerals 2. Vitamins 3. Water

Fred’s Weird Sheep- 1. Minerals 2. Fats 3. Water

Jacobs Jumping Horses – 1. Minerals 2. Vitamins 3. Water

Introduction to Digestion Laboratory:

Materials needed for each group:-small pieces of apple-distilled white vinegar-diagram of the digestive system

-1 plastic straw

-1 funnel-2 plastic cups-1 sponge-1 utensil -paper towels

-water-1 eye dropper-Student Instruction Sheet

Procedure for laboratory:

After you have given the students the basics about the digestive system through the slideshow presentation, their notes and discussion then present the class the original items you used in you interest approach and have them match each component up with a function/organ in the digestive system. Excellent opportunity to review the organs and their function.

OK guys…we have the basics out of the way! Now it’s time to come back to our materials and figure out how they play into the digestion process. Remember, these items aren’t actually in the cow of a stomach, but they do represent something that is. Check your list on your scratch paper and decide if you want to stick with the answers you wrote earlier. Feel free to change any answers if you have learned anything which would cause you to change you mind after the last lesson.

1. Students, now I need you to break into groups of 2 or 3. (Vary the group size according to the supplies and space you have available.) Refer to the student laboratory procedure and follow each step exactly. Remember that some of these steps could be dangerous and to use extreme caution. If you do not understand some portion of the exercise then please ask for assistance. Also don’t forget to record your observations.

Student Laboratory Procedures: Instructor KeyBefore you begin, label one of your plastic cups #1 and the other plastic cup #2 using a permanent marker.

1. In cup #1, crush the pieces of the apple with the utensil and add a little water to the mixture using the eye dropper.-Teeth and Saliva

2. Using the funnel, carefully pour the mixture into the plastic straw and using your hands, squeeze it into cup #2. Set aside cup #1. (esophagus and peristalsis)

4. Add a small amount of distilled white vinegar to the mixture in cup #2 using the eye dropper. (stomach)

5. Carefully pour the mixture onto the sponge and allow the liquid portion to be absorbed. (small intestine)

6. Carefully scrape the solid pieces off of the sponge and place them on the paper towel to absorb the remaining water. (Large Intestine)

7. Then dispose of all wastes into the trashcan. (rectum)

My Name:

My Partner(s):

Date_____________________

Student Laboratory Procedures: After each procedure, record what you observed and how this step is directly related to the digestive process and which organs are represented.

Before you begin, label one of your plastic cups #1 and the other plastic cup #2 using a permanent marker.

1. In cup #1, crush the pieces of the apple with the utensil and add a little water to the mixture using the eye dropper.

2. Using the funnel, carefully pour the mixture into the plastic straw and using your hands, squeeze it into cup #2. Set aside cup #1.

3. Add a small amount of distilled white vinegar to the mixture in cup #2 using the eye dropper.

4. Carefully pour the mixture onto the sponge and allow the liquid portion to be absorbed. The nutrients are enclosed in the liquid, while the waste is the solid material.

5. Carefully scrape the solid pieces off of the sponge and place them on the paper towel to absorb the remaining water.

6. Then dispose of all wastes into the trashcan.

Party Host MomentGuest: Digestive System – Long tube beginning with mouth and ending with anusMouth- grasps food and chews itEsophagus – tube that connects mouth to stomachSimple Stomach – contracts to break down foodEnzymes – actually break down the foodFood –what you eatSmall Intestine – rest of digestion and absorption take place hereLarge Intestine – absorbs water

Hieroglyphics Moment- Students create a Hieroglyph/picture that describes each of the animal

nutrition and classes of feeds. WaterProteinCarbohydratesMineralsVitaminsFatsConcentratesRoughages