The City SchoolPECHS, Junior Girls

Question Bank (Annual Examination 2016-17)Note: Students are recommended to prepare for their exams by practicing the concepts

taught during the session. Refer notebooks, text books, reference books and question bank.

Class: 5 Subject: Science

Topic: life cycles.Q1: Choose the correct answer.

1 Two of these are fruits. Which two?

2 How are dandelion seeds carried away from the plants?A They are carried away by animals which eat them.B The plants explode, throwing the seeds far away.C They are carried away by the rain.D They are carried away by the wind.

3 Why do plants need to move their seeds? Choose one reason from the list below.

A So that the plants can spread to new areas. B To attack other plants.C To provide food for animals. D So that no new plants will grow.

4 Germination is when …A a seed starts to grow. B a plant makes fruits.C a seed falls to the ground. D a plant dies.

5 Samantha wants to do an experiment. She wants to choose some factors. What is a factor?A a piece of equipment needed for an experimentB some information needed to do an experimentC something that can be changed in an experiment to see its effectD a large vehicle that farmers use

6 Which of these lists shows the things needed for germination?A water B warmth and waterC warmth, water and light D warmth, water, light and soil

7 Look at the diagram. What are parts P and Q?A P is the stigma, Q is the style. B P is the stigma, Q is the anther.C P is a stigma, Q is another stigma. D P is an ovary, Q invents things for James Bond.

8 In a flower, what is the job of the sepals?A To make food for the plant. B To protect the flower before it opens.C To make pollen. D To make ova (eggs).

9 Fertilisation is when …A a pollen grain and an ovum (egg) join together.B a pollen grain is carried from one flower to another.

C a flower dies.D a seed starts to grow.

10 A life cycle is …A the stages in the life of a plant. B a type of exercise machine.C the time it takes for a seed to germinate. D the time it takes for a plant to die.

11 Which order do these things come in for a plant?A germination, fertilisation, pollination, flowering B germination, pollination, fertilisation, flowering

C germination, flowering, pollination, fertilisation D germination, flowering, fertilisation, pollination

12 Which part of a flower is a fruit like a plum formed from?A the sepals B the seeds C the petals D the ovary

13 Which list shows the correct order of stages in a human’s life?A adulthood, teenage, babyhood, childhoodB teenage, adulthood, childhood, babyhoodC teenage, adulthood, babyhood, childhoodD babyhood, childhood, teenage, adulthood

14 What is a gestation time?A the time taken for a person to grow oldB the time taken to come up with a guess about somethingC the time taken for a baby to grow inside its motherD the time taken for a baby to be able to eat solid food

15 What happens when something becomes extinct?A Some animals exit (leave) one place and move to another.B Some of one type of animal die because they are hunted.C Some of one type of animal or plant die of old age.D All of one type of animal or plant die out.

1 The pictures show Robin at different ages.

a What process do all the pictures together show happening to Robin as he gets older? Tick the correct answer. respiration growth movement reproduction excretion

[1 mark]b What has also happened in picture D? Tick the correct answer. respiration growth movement reproduction excretion

[1 mark]2 Sandra and Matthew were investigating a plant called Brassica. They measured the height of the plant every week.

They also watched what was happening to the plant.This is part of Matthew’s table of results.

Week Height of plant (cm)

What was happening

0 01 5 getting taller2 15 flowering3 214 25 fertilisation5 25 fruit forming6 25 seed dispersal

a During each week something different happened to the plant. Complete Matthew’s table to show what happened to the plant. Use two of these words.fertilisation flowering fruit forminggermination pollination seed dispersal

b Which one of the words in the table in part a is also part of the human life cycle?______________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]c What would you use to measure the plant’s height?______________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]d Brassica plants spread their seeds when their fruits explode.Some plants use the wind to spread their seeds. Give one other way in which plants spread their seeds.______________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]e Give two reasons why plants spread their seeds.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

3 This is a sycamore fruit. It is used to help the sycamore tree to spread its seeds.a Draw an arrow to the part that contains the seed.

Serenity and Vijay want to find out how far different sycamore fruits can be blownby the wind. They use this apparatus.

[1 mark]b Vijay is holding a timer. What measurement will he use the timer for?______________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]c What units will his results be in? ______________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]d Give two things that must be kept the same to make this a fair test.i___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ii__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]4 Tulip flowers are brightly coloured. How does this help the plant to reproduce?

______________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1 This is a tulip flower.

a What are parts P, Q, R and S called?P is _________________________________________________________________Q is _________________________________________________________________R is _________________________________________________________________S is _________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]b Which parts make up the female part of the flower?_____________________________________________________________________

c What is the job of part P?_____________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]d To make seeds, fertilisation must happen in this flower. What happens during fertilisation?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1 The drawings below show seeds, fruits and flowers. Draw lines to connect each seed with the right fruit and each fruit with the right flower. (Hint: Goosegrass flowers are smaller than apple flowers.)

2 Write the names of the plants on the lines in the last column. Use the words from the box.apple tree coconut palm dandelion plant goosegrass plant

3 Here are some ways in which these plants disperse their seeds. Write the correct name of the plant to complete each sentence.

a The________________________________has fruits that catch onto the fur of animals. The animals brush the fruits off their fur later.b The fruits of the____________________________travel by water.c The fruits of the____________________________float and are blown by the wind.

d The fruits of the____________________________are eaten by animals. The seeds pass through the animals and come out in their droppings.4 Why do plants need to disperse their seeds? Tick two boxes. To spread the plants to new areas. To provide food for animals. So that no new plants will grow.

So that the new plants will have enough light and water which they may not get if they grow under the parent plant. So that the fruits carry the waste materials of the plant as far away as possible.Th e in ven t ion o f V e lcr o™On a summer’s day in 1948 a Swiss engineer called George de Mestral (1907–1990) went for a walk with his dog. When he got home he found the fruits of the cocklebur plant stuck to his clothes and to the fur of his dog. He wondered why the fruits had stuck and so he looked at them through a microscope. He found that the fruits had hooks on them which he thought must have got caught in the loops of thread in the fabric of his clothes. This gave him an idea to invent a fastener that used loops and hooks.

He got together with a French weaver and by 1955 they had made a ‘loop and hook’ fastener which worked. One side of the fabric was made of lots of little hooks and the other side had lots of little loops. George called it Velcro™ and patented his idea.A patent is a document given out by governments which makes it against the law for other people to copy someone else’s invention. A patent normally lasts for 15–20 years. Lots of people now make ‘loop and hook’ fasteners like Velcro™. However, they cannot call it ‘velcro’ because George also got a trademark. A trademark is also given out by governments and makes it against the law to use somebody else’s name. So the name Velcro™ can only be used by the company that George set up. That is why there is always the ™ symbol after the name on this page. Sometimes the ® symbol is used instead.Many words that are trademarks have become very commonly used by people. Sometimes the words are so commonly used that a government removes the trademark and allows any company to use the word. The words ‘escalator’, ‘cellophane’ and ‘nylon’ were all originally trademarks.

1 a How are cocklebur seeds dispersed?b Why do plants need to disperse their seeds?c Even when seeds are dispersed they do not always grow. Suggest reasons why not.

2 How old was George de Mestral when he first had the idea for Velcro™?3 What is a patent?4 a Why can other companies now make ‘loop and hook’ fasteners like Velcro™?

b Why can’t they call their fasteners ‘velcro’?5 Find out why George called his invention Velcro™.1 Complete the following sentences using words from the box.

A plant that has flowers is called a ______________ plant. The flower turns into a_________________and__________________are found inside this.These need to be carried away from the plant. This is called seed ________. Seeds grow into new .

dispersal flowering fruitplants seeds

2 Look at these fruits. Write down how each fruit is carried away from a plant.

3 Why do seeds need to be carried away from a plant? Give two reasons.i _________________________________________________________________

ii _________________________________________________________________1 The drawing shows what happens to a broad bean after it has been planted. Like all seeds, it needs water and

warmth to grow.

a In which month is the bean planted?___________________________b In which month does germination occur?_______________________c What happens during germination?____________________________

______________________________________________________________________d In which month do you think the beans are picked?_______________e How many months are there between planting and picking the beans?

______________________________________________________________________f Why don’t the beans grow as soon as they are planted?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

g Why don’t the seeds grow when they are in the packet?__________________________________________________________________________________

1 The drawing shows what happens to a broad bean after it has been planted. Like all seeds, it needs water and warmth to grow.

a In which month is the bean planted?___________________________b In which month does germination occur?_______________________c What happens during germination?____________________________

______________________________________________________________________d In which month do you think the beans are picked?_______________e How many months are there between planting and picking the beans?

______________________________________________________________________f Why don’t the beans grow as soon as they are planted?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

g Why don’t the seeds grow when they are in the packet?__________________________________________________________________________________

S eed s an d germi n at ionHere is a piece of writing from a text book.The outside of a seed is called the seed coat. Inside there is an embryo, originally formed from the fused male and female nuclei of the pollen grain and egg cell respectively. (A nucleus is the control centre of a cell). There are three discrete areas of an embryo: the radicle (a tiny root), the plumule (a tiny shoot) and cotyledons (which contain a store of food and take up most of the seed). Dicotyledonous plants (dicots for short) have two cotyledons. Monocotyledonous plants (monocots) have one cotyledon.Dicots germinate in two different ways. Either the cotyledons remain below ground or they appear above ground on the end of the growing plumule.

Inside a bean.1 Make a copy of the drawing above. Label its parts.2 a What happens during germination?

b What is needed for germination to happen?3 In 1966 some Canadian scientists dug up some frozen soil in Alasaka. They

found some seeds in it which were nearly 15 000 years old. They planted them and some of them grew!

a Explain why the seeds hadn’t grown before they were planted by the scientists.

b Suggest why not all the seeds grew.4 Look at this plant. Is it a dicot or a monocot? Explain your answer.5 a Which sentence in the passage did you find the most difficult to understand?

b Make sure you understand what it means. You could look things up using a dictionary or CD-ROM encyclopaedia, or you could ask someone. Then re-write the sentence to explain more clearly what it means. You can use more than one sentence in your answer!

1 Tick the boxes on the picture to show what each part is called.

2 Mark a ‘P’ on the picture to show where you think pollen is made.3 Name two ways in which pollen can be carried from flower to flower.

i ____________________________________________________________________ii ____________________________________________________________________

4 Complete the following sentences using words from the box.When pollen is moved from one flower to another it is called.___________________.Part of the pollen joins with the ovum. This is called .After this a can form.

fertilisationovary ovum pollination seed stigmaPo l l in a t ion an d f e r t i l i s a t ion 2

Plants that are pollinated by insects need to attract insects to their flowers. To do this they often have brightly coloured petals, have a smell and produce nectar for the insects to eat.Some scientists were trying to find out if insects were more attracted to petals or to nectar. Their prediction was that the amount of nectar in a flower was more important than the flower having petals. They removed the nectar from all the flowers and added fake nectar to some. They removed the petals of some flowers. The bar chart shows their results.

1 a What do the results show?b Did the results match the scientists’ prediction?c Why do insects want nectar?d The scientists needed to do a fair test. What factors should they have kept the same?

e Name another factor they could have investigated.2 Look at the picture.

What are the missing words A to E? Choose from this list.

3 What does each of these parts do?a the anther b the sepal c the stigma

4 a What process does the whole picture show?b This happens in a different way in some plants like grass. How does it happen in grass?c Do you think grass flowers smell nice? Explain why or why not.

5 Seeds are formed after fertilisation. What happens during fertilisation?In s ec t an d w in d p o l l in a t ion

1 Look at these drawings of flowers.

Write down whether you think each flower is pollinated by insects or the wind. Explain your answer in each case.

2 Copy this table and complete it using ticks to show which sentences are correct for each flower.

A B C Dproduces lots of pollenproduces nectarpollen grains have spiky surfaces

3 Look at flower A again. Write down two features that help it with its type of pollination. Explain how they help.

Pol l in a t ion an d f e r t i l i s a t ionPlants that are pollinated by insects need to attract insects to their flowers. To do this they often have brightly coloured petals, have a smell and produce nectar for the insects to eat.Some scientists were trying to find out if insects were more attracted to petals or to nectar. Their prediction was that the amount of nectar in a flower was more important than the flower having petals. They removed the nectar from all the flowers and added fake nectar to some. They removed the petals of some flowers. The table shows their results.

Flower treatment Mean number of insects landing on each flower (rounded up or down to one decimal place).

No petals, with nectar 1With petals, no nectar 9.3With petals, with nectar 10.5No petals, no nectar 0.8

1 a Plot a graph or chart of the results.b What do the results show?c Did the results match the scientists’ prediction?d Why do insects want nectar?e The scientists needed to do a fair test. What factors should they have kept the same?f Name another factor they could have investigated.g They actually did their experiment 37 times. The table just shows the mean number of insects landing on each flower. Why did they do the experiment so many times?

h Work out the total numbers of insects landing on each flower.iWhy are the numbers you have worked out not whole numbers?

2 Why do plants need insects to visit their flowers?3 The diagram shows a pollen grain on the top of the female organ of a flower.

a What is the female organ called?b Make a copy of the drawing and label its parts.c Complete the drawing to show what happens before fertilisation occurs.

A plant l i fe cycle1 Orange trees have flowers which are visited by insects. The flowers will eventually form fruits. Here is an

orange tree fruit.a Which letter shows the part that grows into a new plant? ______________________b Which letter shows the fruit?_____________________________________________

2 a Write the phrases from the box underneath the correct drawings.pollination germinationseed dispersala dandelion seed

b Write numbers in the boxes to show the order that these things happen. The first one has been done for you.

3 Fill in this table to compare orange trees and dandelion plants.Orange Dandelion

Pollination by …

Seed dispersal by …

Plan t l i f e cyc l e s1 Some stages in the life cycles of three plants are shown below.

a Write the letters for the dandelion plant stages in order, starting with the seed.b Write the letters for the coconut palm stages in order, starting with the seed.c Write the letters for the hazel tree stages in order, starting with the seed.d Hazel trees have male and female flowers. How is this different to most other plants?

e The hazel tree above has male flowers. Name the parts you would expect to find in these hazel flowers.f Which of these are the same in all the plants?

fertilisation germination pollination seed dispersalshape of flowers shape of fruits

g Draw a table to compare pollination and seed dispersal in these three plants.Typ es o f p l ant l i f e cyc l e s

The life cycle of a plant tells you how long it takes to grow from seed and make its own seeds. Some plants take a long time to produce seeds and so have long life cycles. Puya plants in Peru take nearly 100 years to have flowers. Other plants, like some types of field mustard, only take a month!It takes about 15 weeks for tomato plants to grow from seed and produce fruits. After it has produced fruits for another few weeks the plant dies. Its life cycle takes less than a year. Plants like this are called annuals.Some plants, like carrots, are called biennials. They only produce seeds during their second year of growth. So the life cycle takes between one and two years. They die once they have produced their fruits.Other plants grow and have fruits every year for many years. These are called perennials.

1 a How long is the life cycle of a tomato plant?b Is the life cycle of a carrot plant longer or shorter than this?

2 a What are the names of the three different sorts of plant life cycles?b Puya plants do not fit into any of these categories. Why not?

3 The table shows how long it takes for some plants to grow from seed and have flowers.a Which of these plants are annuals?b Which are biennials?

Plant Time it takes to have flowerscarrot 52 weeksfoxglove 72 weeksmarigold 15 weeksparsley 52 weeks

petunia 12 weeks

4 Name one plant, not on this page, which is a perennial.5 a Draw a timeline to show where the following would happen for carrots.

fertilisation fruit formation germination plant flowersplant grows planting seeds pollination

Start your time line like this:

b Why do you think gardeners do not need to wait two years before harvesting their carrots?An i mal l i f e cyc l e s 1

1 Queen Victoria was born in 1819. The pictures show the stages in her life.

a Write these times under each picture to show how long you think each stage lasted.10 years 2 years 47 years 6 years 17 years

b How old was Queen Victoria when she died? (Hint: You need to add up all the years given in part a.)c In what year did she die? (Hint:You need to add this total of years to the year of her birth which is given above.)

2 Small animals usually take less time to be ready to be born than large ones. Draw lines to match each animal with how long it takes to be born or hatch. Then match the animal with how long their parents look after their babies. Some have been done for you.

Animal Time until it is born or hatches

Time the babies are looked after for

human 3.5 months 18 years

bullfrog 9 months 0

Asian elephant 22 months 2 years

tiger 20 days 3 years

Li fe c yc l e s cr oss w ord1 2 3

4 5 6

7

8 9

10

11

12

13

14

Across1 When plants and animals have young they are said to _________________________.5 When a seed starts to grow.9 The name of the female organ in a flower.

10____________________________________________________________________These are found inside fruits.11____________________________________________________________________An orange is one of these.12____________________________________________________________________The part of the flower that makes pollen.

13____________________________________________________________________These protect a flower before it opens.14____________________________________________________________________When pollen lands on a stigma.Down

2 When a type of animal or plant dies out it is said to have become ________________.3 When a pollen grain joins with an ovum.4 A sweet, sticky substance that attracts insects to flowers.6 Ova are found inside this.7 When seeds are spread it is called seed_____________________________________.8 The time that a baby grows inside its mother is called the _______________________time.

10 The name of the male organ in a flower.An i mal l i f e cyc l e s 2

Here are some different styles of writing about animals.A

Seema, the tiger, with her stripy coat, crept stealthily through the bushes. She was only two and had just left the gentle care of her mother, Rahana. Rahana had not much longer to live, she was already very old at age 14. In another two years Seema would be able to have her own babies and she had often wondered what it would be like to spend three and a half months with a baby inside her. However, such thoughts were now out of her mind as she concentrated on the wild pig in the undergrowth. It was her first solo hunt.

BBullfrogI start as tadpole, skinny and longBut after three years I sing a good songBecause that’s when I can leave my wet bog –I grow much bigger and turn into a frog.Another two years and I can now breedAnd lay all my eggs amongst the green weed.They take just three weeks until they can hatchI leave them alone – no care for my batch!My life is not long – short is my life spanIt’s only nine years till I kick the can.

CRatGestation time:22 daysLooked after by parents for:2 weeksAble to reproduce after:12 weeksLife span:3 years

DHares are born after a gestation time of about 1.5 months. The baby hares, called leverets, are born with fur and can hop around after only a few minutes. Their mother will feed them for about the first month but they are then left alone. Female hares are ready to reproduce after about a year and the average life span is about 5 years.

1 Scientists just want the facts about how an animal lives. Which style of writing would be best for a scientist?

2 Which animal’s gestation time is:a the shortestb the longest?

3 Which animal is looked after by its parents for the longest time?4 Some animals have a lot of young because many do not survive. Which

of the animals do you think has the most young? Explain your reasoning.

5 There is a big difference between the life cycle of the bullfrog and the others. What is this difference?

Optional 6 Make a display for all the information. Your display should only

contain the facts about the animals. You might like to draw some tables, charts or graphs to show the differences between the animals.

Grow in g u pMark’s mother measured him regularly as he grew up. Her measurements are shown below.

1 Use the measurements to plot a line graph. Make your horizontal axis go up to 20 years.

2 In which year did Mark grow the most quickly?3 Mark’s mother forgot to measure him sometimes. From your graph,

what height do you think Mark was when he was:a 9 b 14 c 16?

4 Mark stopped growing when he was 19. Extend the line on your graph so that you can estimate what height Mark is now. Write down your estimate of his height.

5 Between which ages was Mark:a a baby b a child c a teenager?

S tar t in g a n ew l i f eAnimals are made out of tiny pieces called cells. There are many different types of cells in

an animal. The picture shows a cell from the inside of a human cheek.

A human cheek cell. This one is drawn at about 500 times bigger than real life.

Male animals make some special cells called sperm cells and females make special cells called ova (or egg

cells). To make a new animal a sperm cell has to join with an egg cell. When they join

together it is known as fertilisation.

Fertilisation. These cells are drawn at about 1000 times bigger than real life.

Age (years)

Height (cm)

0 501 752 873 1004 1085 1146 1217 1298 1339 Not

measured10 14511 15212 15613 16114 Not

measured15 18216 Not

measured17 187

After fertilisation a new cell is formed. This is called a fertilised ovum or fertilised egg cell. It grows inside the

female and becomes a ball of cells called an embryo. The embryo grows and forms a baby. In humans it takes

nine months for the baby to be ready to be born.

1 a What is a cell?

b Which cells are needed for reproduction in animals?

2 a How long does it take for a human baby to be ready to be born.

b What is this length of time called?

3 How is fertilisation in animals similar to fertilisation in plants?

4 Design a flow chart to show the stages in making a new human baby.

5 Work out how big a human cheek cell is in real life. (Hint: Measure the widest point on the diagram above.)