1st Semester Exam Study Guide

SCIENTIFIC METHOD:

DEFINE THE FOLLOWING

1. Independent variable ____________________________________________________________2. Dependent variable ______________________________________________________________3. Constant _______________________________________________________________________4. Control ________________________________________________________________________5. Inference ______________________________________________________________________6. Observation ____________________________________________________________________7. Experimental group ______________________________________________________________8. Control group ___________________________________________________________________9. Objective ______________________________________________________________________10. Hypothesis _____________________________________________________________________11. Conclusion _____________________________________________________________________12. Theory ________________________________________________________________________13. Law ___________________________________________________________________________14. Ethics _________________________________________________________________________

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE:

What are the 8 characteristics of life? Give an example of each.

CHARACTERISTIC EXAMPLE15. 16.17. 1819. 20.21. 22.23. 24.25. 26.27. 28.29. 30.

ATOMIC STRUCTURE:

DEFINE THE FOLLOWING

31. proton ____________________________________________________________________________

32. neutron ___________________________________________________________________________

33. electron ___________________________________________________________________________

34. atom _____________________________________________________________________________

35. atomic number _____________________________________________________________________

36. atomic mass _______________________________________________________________________

37. covalent bond ______________________________________________________________________

38. ionic bond _________________________________________________________________________

MACROMOLECULES:

What are the 4 macromolecules? What are they made of? What are their functions? Give an example of each.

MACROMOLECULE COMPOSED OF FUNCTION EXAMPLES

39.

40.

41.

42.

MICROPSCOPES AND CELL THEORY

DESCRIBE EACH OF THE FOLLOWING MICROSCOPES:

43. compound microscope _______________________________________________________________

44. dissecting microscope ________________________________________________________________

45. scanning electron microscope _________________________________________________________

46. transmission electron microscope ______________________________________________________

WHAT ARE THE 3 PARTS OF THE CELL THEORY?

47. __________________________________________________________________________________

48. __________________________________________________________________________________

49. __________________________________________________________________________________

LABEL THE PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE AND DESCRIBE THE FUNCTION

STRUCTURE FUNCTION50. A-51. B-52. C-53. D-54. E-55. F-56. G-57. H-58. I-59. J-60. K-61. L-

CELLS:

Cell Part and Letter Structure Description w/ Drawing Function

62. Nucleus

63. Nuclear Envelope

64. Nucleolus

65. Plasma (Cell) Membrane

66. Cell wall

67. Mitochondria

68. Endoplasmic Reticulum

69. Central Vacuole

70. Vesicle

71. Lysosomes

72. Chloroplasts

73. Golgi Apparatus

74. Microtubules /MicrofilamentsCytoskeleton

75. Ribosomes

76. Cytoplasm

77. Cilia / Flagella

CELL CYCLE & MEIOSIS

DEFINE THE FOLLOWING:

78. mitosis ____________________________________________________________________________

79. cytokinesis _________________________________________________________________________

80. cell cycle __________________________________________________________________________

81. meiosis ___________________________________________________________________________

82. centriole __________________________________________________________________________

83. centromere _______________________________________________________________________

84. chromosome ______________________________________________________________________

85. chromatin _________________________________________________________________________

86. chromatid _________________________________________________________________________

87. cell plate __________________________________________________________________________

88. gene _____________________________________________________________________________

89. gamete ___________________________________________________________________________

90. spindle apparatus ___________________________________________________________________

91. homologous chromosome ____________________________________________________________

92. crossing over _______________________________________________________________________

93. law of segregation __________________________________________________________________

94. law of independent assortment ________________________________________________________

95.Draw and label the 5 phases of the cell cycle. Write a brief description of each phase.

Drawing Descriptions

96. __________________________________________97. ___________________________________________98. ___________________________________________99. ___________________________________________100. _________________________________________

Draw the stages of mitosis, and label each stage. Briefly explain what is occurring in each stage of mitosis101. Prophase 102. Metaphase 103. Anaphase 104. Telophase

Draw the stages of meiosis, and label each stage. Briefly explain what is occurring in each stage of meiosis.105. Prophase I 106. Metaphase I 107. Anaphase I 108. Telophase I

109. Prophase II 110. Metaphase II 111. Anaphase II 112. Telophase II

Complete the following table below comparing and contrasting Mitosis and Meiosis (pg 275 in your book):

Mitosis Meiosis113.114.115.116.117.118.119.

GENETICS:

DEFINE THE FOLLOWING:

120. haploid __________________________________________________________________________

121. diploid ___________________________________________________________________________

122. alleles ___________________________________________________________________________

123. heterozygous _____________________________________________________________________

124. homozygous ______________________________________________________________________

125. hybrid ___________________________________________________________________________

126. purebred _________________________________________________________________________

127. phenotype ________________________________________________________________________

128. genotype _________________________________________________________________________

129. dominant _________________________________________________________________________

130. recessive _________________________________________________________________________

CHARACTERISTIC DOMINANT GENE RECESSIVE GENEBody shape Squarepants (S) Roundpants (s)Body color Yellow (Y) Blue (y)Eye shape Round (R) Oval (r)Nose style Long (L) Stubby (l)

Write the genotype (s) for each trait below.

131. blue body __________ 132. Stubby nose __________ 133. Round eyes __________

134. oval eyes _________ 135. Squarepants __________ 136. Long nose __________

137. hybrid yellow body _____ 138. Heterozygous round eyes _____ 139. Purebred blue body_____

Write the phenotype for each trait below.

140. LL _______________ 141. Yy _______________ 142. Rr _______________

143. rr _______________ 144. SS _______________ 145. Ss _______________

SpongeBob’s aunt and uncle, SpongeWilma and SpongeWilbur, have the biggest round eyes in the family. Wilma is believed to be heterozygous for her round eye shape, while Wilbur’s family brags that they are a pure line. Complete the Punnett square to show the possibilities that would result if SpongeWilma and SpongeWilbur had children.

146. Give the genotype for each person. Wilma - _______ Wilbur - ________

147. Complete a Punnett square to show the possibilities that would result if they had children.

148. List the possible genotypes and phenotypes for the kids.

149. What is the probability that the kids would have round eyes? ____ %

150. What is the probability that the kids would be oval eyes? ____ %

151. SpongeBob’s mother is so proud of her son and his new wife, SpongeSusie, as they are expecting a little sponge. She knows that they have a 50% chance of having a little roundpants, but is also hoping the new arrival will be blue (a recessive trait) like SpongeSusie and many members of her family. If SpongeBob is heterozygous for his yellow body color, what are the chances that the baby sponge will be blue? Create a Punnett square to help you answer this question.

HISTORY OF LIFE

Modern humans appear flowering plants appear sharks and bony fish appear

Cambrian explosion Gymnosperms are dominant apes appear flowering plants scatter

Gymnosperms appear first plants appear monkeys appear flowering plants are dominant

First birds appear land plants & insects appear dinosaurs appear first mammals appear

PLACE THE EVENTS LISTED ABOVE IN THE PROPER ERA

PALEOZOIC ERA MESOZOIC ERA CENOZOIC ERA152. 157. 162.

153. 158. 163.

154. 159. 164.

155. 160. 165.

156. 161. 166.

DEFINE THE FOLLOWING:

167. paleontologist _____________________________________________________________________

168. K-T Boundary _____________________________________________________________________

169. Cambrian Explosion ________________________________________________________________

170. Precambrian ______________________________________________________________________

171. radiometric dating _________________________________________________________________

172. relative dating _____________________________________________________________________

173. half –life _________________________________________________________________________

174. fossil ____________________________________________________________________________

175. spontaneous generation ____________________________________________________________

176. theory of biogenesis _______________________________________________________________

177. endosymbiont theory _______________________________________________________________

178. primordial soup hypothesis __________________________________________________________

EVOLUTION:

What are Darwin’s 4 principles of Natural Selection?

179. _________________________________ 180. ___________________________________

181. _________________________________ 182. ___________________________________

DEFINE THE FOLLOWING:

183. evolution _________________________________________________________________________

184. natural selection ___________________________________________________________________

185. adaptation ________________________________________________________________________

WORD DEFINITION EXAMPLEAncestral trait

Derived trait

Homologous structure

Vestigial structure

Analogous structure

Fitness

Mimicry

Camouflage