Wednesday September 30, 2015

1. Please pick up the handout from the front desk.

2. Begin working on the reading over the Mexican American War.

3. When you are finished begin reviewing your notes from yesterday…. You never know if you might have a quiz.

Wilmot Proviso proposed in 1846 by David Wilmot

law that would ban slavery in any lands won from Mexico

broke party unity & split Congress based on sectional lines supported by northern Democrats & Whigs opposed by southern Democrats & Whigs

Proviso repeatedly failed in Congress

Wacky Wednesday!

Back to the Missouri Compromise map

The Impending Crisis

Events Leading Toward Civil War

North & South Read “Slavery Divides the Nation”

(page 324-325) As you read, create a chart in your

notes describing the differences between the North and South (include economic differences & views on slavery).

What critical question did Americans face as the nation expanded?

North South

• • • •

• • • •

Aftermath of Mexican War

Opinions of war’s aftermath – Wilmot Proviso (Aug 1846) –

Northern view - annex Texas as slave state but no extension of slavery into any territory that may be gained from Mexico

Southern View (Calhoun): slaves property; property rights protected by 5th Amendment; Southerners could move anywhere & take slaves

Other Positions on Slavery’s Future

James K. Polk: extend Missouri Compromise line

“popular sovereignty” – let people in territory decide status of slavery (compromise)

Election of 1848

Zachary Taylor (Whig) – popular sovereignty (but a southern & a slave owner)

Lewis Cass (Democrat) – popular sovereignty

Martin Van Buren (Free Soil) - N. Democrats, anti-slavery Whigs) endorsed Wilmot Proviso – opposed extension of slavery

“free soil, free speech, free labor, & free men”

Impact of Free Soil Party Won 10 % of the

vote & split Democrat & Whig vote in some areas

So…..Taylor won election (war hero)

Significance: slavery became a political issue in a national election

Check Point

1. Why did Southerners oppose the Wilmot Proviso?

2. What was the platform of the Free Soil Party regarding the extension of slavery?

3. How did the presence of the Free Soil Party impact the Presidential election results in 1848?

Gold Rush (1848) Greatest mass

migration in Amer. History

California applied for Statehood in 1849 – wanted admission as a free state

Taylor’s opinion: protect slavery where exists, but make CA & NM free states

Compromise of 1850

CA petition touched off great debate in Senate

Key players: Clay, Calhoun, Webster

Henry Clay

John C. Calhoun

Daniel Webster

Compromise of 1850

1. California admitted as free state2. Popular Sovereignty in NM and Utah3. Texas given $ 10 million for loss of property to NM 4. Slave trade in D.C. ended (slavery remains)5. Congress would pass a tougher fugitive slave law

Think About It: N & S Reactions

Look at the list of 5 items that made up the Compromise of 1850

Write N next to items that would have pleased the North

Write S next to items that would have pleased the South

Check Point

1. What developments led to the necessity of compromise in 1850?

2. Who proposed the Compromise of 1850?

3. Which parts of the Compromise pleased the South? Which parts pleased the North?

Uncle Tom’s Cabin1852 by Harriet Beecher

StoweStory: Uncle Tom

(main character) is sold to cruel owner Simon Legree

300,000 copies sold in first year

Significance: first time many thought of slaves as people

Reactions to Uncle Tom’s Cabin

- In North: spread compassion for enslaved people convinced Northerners slavery would

ruin nation; won many over to anti-slavery cause

- In South enraged Southerners wrote numerous novels in reply w/ their

own versions of slavery; felt threatened & became defensive

Check Point

1. Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin?

2. Who is the evil slave owner in the book?

3. How did Southerners react to the book?

Thursday October 1, 2015

1. Please take out your notes from yesterday.

2. I HIGHLY recommend that you review your notes from previous units. ;)

What is the significance of Shay’s Rebellion?

a. It demonstrated the need for a stronger central government.

b. It ended the Revolutionary War.

c. It unified the colonists.

d. It led to the creation of the Articles of Confederation.

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

Senator Stephen Douglas proposed organizing Nebraska Territory w/ popular sovereignty to decide slavery issue

South feared it would be a free state - decided to divide the territory into Kansas & Nebraska

1854 both organized w/ pop. sov. to determine slavery status – would repeal Mo. Compromise

Kansas-Nebraska Video Qs

Who proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Why did Douglas support popular sovereignty?

What was the outcome of the election in Kansas?

Who was John Brown? How did he respond to the violence against antislavery settlers in Lawrence, Kansas?

Significance of Kansas-Nebraska Act in further

dividing N & S: Pro- & Anti-slavery forces streamed

into Kansas 2 gov’ts formed: 1 pro-slavery, 1 anti-

slavery (map page 336) Both petitioned Congress for

recognition Caused a bloody civil war in Kansas

– violence between the 2 factions Led to birth of Republican Party

“Bleeding Kansas” 1855 territory governor called for

elections: proslavery “border ruffians” from MO came across border & swayed election in their favor

Civil War erupted between factions – raided each other’s settlements

and killed each other over issue of slavery

Troubles in Kansas Continue

May 24-25, 1856 John Brown & followers; “Pottawatomie Massacre” (5 pro-slavery settlers murdered)

Congress adjourned 1856 session w/ no decision on Kansas

Became main issue in Election of 1856; eventually admitted as a free state in 1861

Violence spreads to U.S. Senate: “Crime Against Kansas”: 1856

Charles Sumner’s speech: criticism of pro-slavery forces in

Kansas aimed criticism @ Sen. Andrew Butler

from S.C.)

Preston Brooks (Butler’s nephew) beat C. Sumner w/ cane on floor of Senate chamber - Sumner absent from Senate for 2 ½ yrs

Sumner’s speech & beating inflamed both sides

Check Point

1. What was popular sovereignty?

2. Whose speech criticized pro-slavery forces in Kansas?

3. What was “Bleeding Kansas”?

Republican Party Forms: 1854

Why formed? largely in response to Kansas-Nebraska Act and civil war in Kansas

Support drawn from anti-slavery Democrats and Whigs, Free Soilers, non-slave state farmers, professionals, small business owners

Friday October 2, 2015

Please take out your notes from yesterday and glance over them before we take our quiz.

Republican Party 1st Presidential

candidate: John C. Fremont in election of 1856

Platform: opposed extension of slavery; demanded repeal of Kansas-Nebraska Act and Fugitive Slave Act

1st President: Abraham Lincoln elected 1860

Election of 1856 James Buchanan (D)

– Platform: endorsed Kan-Neb Act; better enforcement of Fugitive Slave law; Congress should not interfere w/ slavery

John C. Fremont (R)

Election Results / Significance Buchanan won

Voting along sectional lines: Dem’s won 14 slave, 5 free states Rep’s won 11 free states (not on ballot in

slave states) & 1/3 of popular votes

Check Points

1. Which issue prompted the formation of the Republican Party?

2. What was the Party’s platform in regards to slavery?

3. Who was the Party’s 1st Pres. Candidate?

Its 1st President?

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)

Circumstances leading to this case:

Dred Scott slave – taken from Missouri (slave state) into free state to live then back to slave state – sued for his freedom in 1843 after master’s death

Supreme Court (Taney) Ruling:

1. temporary residence in free state did not make

Scott free 2. slaves property, not citizens;

could not sue 3. no African American could be a

citizen 4. Congress could not ban slavery

anywhere b/c doing so would take away slave

owners’ property rights w/o due process of

law** In effect, MO Comp

unconstitutional

Reaction to Dred Scott Decision basically said Congress

could not exclude slavery - no such thing as a free state

North & Rep’s enraged: believed “slavocracy” conspiracy existed (majority of justices, including Taney were southerners)

Southerners celebrated decision: said Congress now obligated to protect property of slaveholders w/ federal slave codes

Lincoln-Douglas Debates Lincoln challenged

Douglas for Ill. Senate seat

7 debates in 1858

Douglas won reelection

Lincoln gained nat’l attention as result of debates – aided his nomination in 1860

John Brown’s Raid Viewed himself as an

angel of God, avenging the evil of slavery

Oct. 1859 – Harper’s Ferry, VA (now W VA)

Planned to seize federal arsenal w/ hopes of starting an armed slave rebellion

What was John Brown’s fate?

Brown captured, tried for treason & conspiracy to cause a slave insurrection

Found guilty

Sent to gallows & executed

Reactions to John Brown’s raid

Northerners condemned Brown & thought he had gone too far; some in North called him a martyr

Southerners believed Brown had widespread support in North – esp. among Republicans; in aftermath, rumors of abolitionist conspiracies and slave insurrections spread in slave states

Significance of John Brown

Further alienated South & deepened divisions, distrust & anger between N. and S.

Check Point

1. Which section of the nation celebrated the Dred Scott decision and why?

2. What was John Brown’s plan?

3. What was John Brown’s fate?

4. How did Southerners react to Brown’s raid?

Election of 1860 Republicans – A. Lincoln –

opposed ext. of slavery

Democratic Party divided over slavery: S. Democrats - J. Breckenridge (KY) –

pro-slavery N. Democrats - S. Douglas – supported

popular sovereignty

Constitutional Union – John Bell – federal gov’t should support slavery & defend Union

Election Results Lincoln won Electoral College &

39% of popular vote; 18 free states (not on ballot in any Southern state); won because Democratic Party divided

Breckinridge – 2nd in electoral vote; swept all slave states except VA, KY, TN (went to Bell)

Significance/ how did S states react? began to secede from the U.S. (Union)

Confederacy Forms: by Feb 1, 1861,

7 states seceded: SC, MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX Adopted constitution of Confederate States of

America (CSA); 1st Capitol: Montgomery, AL (later Richmond, VA)

Elected Jefferson Davis President Buchanan’s reaction: no authority to

prevent secession; sympathized w/ South; no serious effort to resolve crisis

Lincoln’s reaction: announced intention to preserve the Union; did not believe secession was legal; wanted to avoid violence

States Seceding After Ft. Sumter

Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina

Capitol of Confederacy moved to Richmond, Va

Check Point 1. Who won the election of 1860?

2. How did Southern states react to his victory?

3. Where was the original capitol of the

Confederacy?

4. Which city became the capitol after Virginia’s

secession?

Ft. Sumter Falls:Charleston, SC Apr. 12,

1861 Major Robert Anderson’s U.S. forces

occupied fort when S.C. seceded & were running low on supplies

Lincoln’s dilemma: try to resupply fort and risk provoking South or let Southerners take the fort?

Lincoln’s action: notified S.C. he was sending supplies to the fort– food only, no weapons

Ft. Sumter Video Qs

1. Major Anderson was the U.S. military leader at Ft. Sumter. Who was the head of the Confederate troops at Ft. Sumter?

2. What evidence from the video suggests that both the United States and the Confederacy were hesitant to officially start the war? (provide at least 3 pieces of evidence)

3. What was the outcome of the Battle at Ft. Sumter?

Bombardment!! The Civil War Begins at Fort

Sumter Southerners demanded surrender of

fort Fort’s commander refused Confederates opened fire on fort April

12, 1861 U.S. forces surrendered Considered the beginning of the war Lincoln’s response: Apr. 15th

declared “insurrection” existed and called for 75,000 volunteers to fight against the Confederacy

Check Point

Where does the Civil War begin?