week 10 biomes / ecology unit 2 section 2.1: organism and their environment

Week 10 Biomes / Ecology

Unit2 Section 2.1: Organism and Their

Environment

Levels of Organization1.

2.

3.

4. 5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

11.

10.

3Hickox: Baker High School Biology

12)_______________ is the study of 13)_______________ between organisms and their environment.

Ecology interactions

The 14)_________ is the portion of earth that supports living things. The biosphere extends from the 15)________ of the oceans to the upper 16)_________.

biosphere

bottoms

atmosphere

What Shapes an Ecosystem? Biological and physical factors

Living factors – 17) __________ factors

7

The Living Environment

18)_________- all the living organisms that inhabit an environment.

19)____ organisms depend on others directly or indirectly for food, shelter, reproduction, or protection.

Biotic factors

ALL

8

The Nonliving Environment

20)__________ the nonliving parts of an organism’s environment.

Examples include 20)______, 21)_________ 22)_________,

23)____ , and 24)__. Abiotic factors affect an

organism’s life.

Abiotic factors

air current

stemperaturemoisture

light soil

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/69/Lightning_in_Arlington.jpg

9

Abiotic or Biotic?

Biotic

10

Abiotic or Biotic?

Abiotic

11

Abiotic or Biotic?

Abiotic

12

Abiotic or Biotic?

Biotic

13

Levels of Organization

Biological Levels of Organization

Atom: P, (N) Nitrogen, (O) Oxygen

Molecule Organelle Cell: Life Begins.

__________ unit of any living thing.

Tissue: group of cells Organ: group of

tissues System: group of

organs.14

smallest

Levels of Organization____________ have organized the

interactions an organism takes part in into different levels according to complexity.

15

Ecologist


___________:An individual living thing that is made of cells, uses energy, reproduces, responds, grows, and develops 16

Organism


___________:A group of organisms, all of the same species, which interbreed and live in the same place at the same time.

17

Population

Biological Levels of OrganizationBiological

__________:

All the populations of different species that live in the same place at the same time. 18

Community


___________: Populations of plants and animals that interact with each other in a given area with the abiotic components of that area. (terrestrial or aquatic) 19

Ecosystem


_________:The portion of Earth that supports life.

20

Biosphere

The Biosphere

(write in to notes) Life is found in air, on land,

and in fresh and salt water. The BIOSPHERE is the

portion of Earth that supports living things.

21

What level of organization?

22

Organism

1. A pod of bottlenose dolphins living in a specific region can be identified as which level of organization?

A. BiosphereB. EcosystemC. PopulationD. Community

C. POPULATION 2. Which level of organization in the biosphere is BEST represented by the entire picture.A. OrganizationB. EcosystemC. PopulationD. Community


B

3. A group of cells that work together for a common function is MOST LIKELY described as

A. A tissueB. An organC. An organelleD. A community

A. 4. Study the diagram below. Which level of organization that could be represented by the X?A. PlantB. AnimalC. BiosphereD. Community

EcosystemX

PopulationOrganis

mD.

24

5. A scientist studied a coral reef in an ocean. The scientist made a data table to record what was observed. How many populations are represented by the data?

Organism Number Observed

Sea Turtle 6Sea Star 9

Nurse Shark 3Clown Fish 16Parrot Fish 26Sea Urchin 36

6.25Hickox: Baker High School Biology

What level of Organization?

26

Population

Principles of Ecology

Three Major Kinds of Ecosystem

Chapter2 Organisms and Their Environment

AquaticFresh & SaltPondLakeStreamOceanEstuaryAquarium

OtherHuman body

SkinIntestinemouth

BuildingMoldbathroom

FoodFrigMoldy food

TerrestrialLocated on landForestOld farm fieldYardMeadowGarden plotEmpty lotCompost heatRotting Log


Organisms in Ecosystem


The place where an organism lives out its life is called a _________.

The way in which a species uses its environment to meet its specific needs for food and shelter is called a __________.

Habitat

Niche


Survival relationships Some species develop special

relationships with other species to increase their survival.

Some interactions can be harmful to other species, but some interactions are beneficial.

Relationship that are helpful to one but harmful to another is a ________________ relationship

A __________ may be like polar bears, lions, insect eating birds. The animals that predators eat are called __________.


Predator - Prey

Predator

Prey


Three Major Kinds of Ecosystem


• Some organisms have a permanent relationship between organisms of different species. This is called ______________. Symbiosis means living together

Three types of Symbiosis_____________; when both species benefit_____________; when one species benefits and the other is neither helped or hurt._____________; when one species benefits and the other is harmed.

symbiosis

MutualismCommensalis

mParasitism


Three types of Symbiosis


Mutualism:• Ants and acacia trees living in subtropical regions; the ants protect the tree from attacking animals who want to feed on the treeCommensalism:• Spanish moss in live oak trees; the Spanish moss benefits but the relationship does not harm or help the oak tree.

video

video


Three types of Symbiosis


Parasitism:• Ticks on a dog; The Tick causes harm to the dog but doesn’t kill the dog. The Tick receives the benefit for the relationship

Video

Video: Ant and Butterfly SymbiosisVideo: Snail Zombies

Video: Fish Symbiosis

Video: Mammals of North America



Quiz Questions1. __________, which is the study of interactions

that take place between organisms and their environment.

2. The place where an organism lives out its life is called a ____________.

3. The way in which a species uses its environment to meet its specific needs for food and shelter is called a __________.(how )

4. The nonliving parts of an organism’s environment are the ___________ factors.

5. All the living organisms within an environment are the ____________ factors.



Quiz Questions6. The video with the great white shark and seal

demonstrates the predator-prey relationship. Which one is which?

7. Some organisms have a permanent relationship between organisms of different species. This is called ______________, means living together

8. A type of # 7 in which both organisms benefit is called _______.

9. A type of relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is neither harmed or helped is called commensalism. What is the example shown in class? _____

10. What type of symbiosis is the example show with two fish, the grouper and cleaner gobies?



Quiz Questions1. _Ecology_, which is the study of interactions


2. The place where an organism lives out its life is called a __habitat__.

3. The way in which a species uses its environment to meet its specific needs for food and shelter is called a _niche__.(how )

4. The nonliving parts of an organism’s environment are the __abiotic__ factors.

5. All the living organisms within an environment are the __biotic___ factors.




demonstrates the predator-prey relationship. Which one is which? Predator= white shark Prey= seal

7. Some organisms have a permanent relationship between organisms of different species. This is called ____symbiotic____, means living together

8. A type of # 7 in which both organisms benefit is called __mutualism__.

9. A type of relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is neither harmed or helped is called commensalism. What is the example shown in class? __commensalism; oak tree and Spanish moss_

10. What type of symbiosis is the example show with two fish, the grouper and cleaner gobies? mutualism

Ecology Unit 2

Unit2 Section 2.2: NUTRITION AND ENERGY

FLOW



Review Quiz Questions1. __________, which is the study of interactions


2. The place where an organism lives out its life is called a ____________.

3. The way in which a species uses its environment to meet its specific needs for food and shelter is called a __________.(how )

4. The nonliving parts of an organism’s environment are the ___________ factors.

5. All the living organisms within an environment are the ____________ factors.




demonstrates the predator-prey relationship. Which on is which?

7. Some organisms have a permanent relationship between organisms of different species. This is called ______________, means living together

8. A type of # 7 in which both organisms benefit is called _______.

9. A type of relationship in which on organism benefits and the other organism is neither harmed or helped is called commensalism. What is the example shown in class? _____

10. What type of symbiosis is the example show with two fish, the grouper and cleaner gobies?

Unit2

You will:• Compare how

organisms satisfy their nutritional needs• Trace the path of

energy and matter in an ecosystem• Analyze how matter is

cycled in the abiotic and biotic parts of the biosphere.

Section 2.2: Nutrition and Energy Flow


The ultimate source of energy is the _______.Sun

The Sun provides the energy that fuels life!


An organism that uses light energy or energy stored in

chemical compounds to make food-rich compounds

is a producer or _______________

Simply put ------ plants!Plants use the sun in a process to produce food called ________________

autotroph

photosynthesis


The consumer or _______________ feeds on other organisms because they are unable to make their own food.

Heterotroph

Heterotrophs feed in a variety of feeding relationships

….feed only on plants called ________________ grasshopper, rabbits, beavers, bees, elephants

….feed on other heterotrophs called ____________

lions, hawks, hyena, cheetah and others..feed on both plant and animal food called __________ examples: humans, raccoons, opossums, and bears

herbivores

carnivores

omnivores

Some heterotrophs, called ___________ feed on dead or decaying animals

vultures, buzzards, and ants • Cleaning up dead and decaying

refuse is a very important job in the ecosystem

scavengers


Unit2

• Some organisms like fungi and bacteria break down and then release nutrients from dead organisms. These organism are _______________, break down the complex compounds of dead and decaying plants and animals into molecules that can be absorbed. Theses organism do not rely on sunlight directly as an energy source.


decomposers

What organisms rely on- Sunlight as an energy source, directly and indirectly.

plants

animals

Nutrients in

soil (decomposed

plants and

animals)Decomposing Plants:

Bacteria, m

icrobes

Chemolithotrophic Bacteria (H2S)

http://www.ecogreen.com.au/images/ox_bacteria.jpg

Unit2

Flow of Matter and Energy in the Ecosystem p. 18

• When you eat an apple you are absorbing more than an apple; What

are you eating?

• You are eating carbon, nitrogen, and other elements as well as energy from

sunlight that is trapped.


Unit2

Models that demonstrate pathways for matter and energy

• _____________ are a model that scientists use to demonstrate matter and energy flow.

What are food chains? P. 18

Food chains

Autotrophs

Third-order heterotrophs

First-order heterotrophs

Second-order heterotrophs

Second-order heterotrophs

Unit2

FOOD CHAINgrass grasshopper mouse owl

• most food chains consist of two, three, or four transfers

• energy is _________ through each transfer

• part of the energy is lost through ________

• a food chain represents only one possible rout through an ecosystem

What are food chains?

lostheat

Standard 13

52

http://members.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/foodchain/

What is a food web? P. 19

A more realistic interconnecting model that shows all the possible feeding relationships is called a _________________.

Food web

Food webs are made up of

trophic levels and food chains!

A food web

Unit2

Tropic levels represent links in the chain

• Each organism in a food chain represents a feeding step called

________________.• A species may feed at different feeding levels.

How does energy flow through an ecosystem? P. 19

Trophic level

autotroph

1st order heterotroph

2nd order heterotroph

3rd order heterotrophCarnivore

sAnd OmnivoresHerbivore

Producer Ecol

ogica

l py

ram

id

5. Which series correctly models the flow of energy in an aquatic food chain?

A. Plankton sand eel striped bass codB. Sand eel cod plankton striped bassC. Striped bass plankton cod sand eelD. Cod striped bass sand eel plankton

A.57Hickox: Baker High School Biology

6. Which organism receives the smallest amount of energy from the level directly before them in this food chain?Producers primary consumers secondary consumers tertiary consumers decomposers

A. Primary consumersB. Secondary consumersC. Tertiary consumersD. Decomposers

D.

Decomposers

Tertiary consumer

s

Secondary consumers

Primary consumersProducers


Only a Fraction of the Energy Present in Organisms of One Trophic Level is Captured by

Organisms of the Next

Pyramid of Energy• Another model used that demonstrates the distribution of matter and energy is called an __________________• The ultimate energy source is the ______ and the amount of available energy decrease as one moves from one tropic level

to another.

Pyramid of energy

Parasites, scavengers, and

decomposers feed at each

level.

Pyramid of Energy100%

Producers

10% Consumers

1% Consumers

0.1% Consumers

Heat

Heat

Heat

Heat

With each step there is a decrease to 10%

sun

Pyramid of NumbersFox (1)

Birds (25)

Grasshoppers (250)

Grasses (2500)

• In a pyramid of numbers, each level represents the number of organisms consumed by the level _________ it.

(again 10% rule)abo

ve

• ___________is the total weight of living matter at each trophic level. A pyramid of biomass represents the total weight of living material available at each trophic level.

Pyramid of Biomass

1 kilogram of human tissue

10 kilograms of beef

100 kilograms of grain

Page 20

Biomass

7. Producers have greater amounts of energy available to them than primary consumers. Which statement about producers is NOT correct?

A. Energy is released by producers as heatB. Energy is created by producers C. Energy is used for metabolismD. Energy is used for active transport

B. Energy created by sun64Hickox: Baker High School Biology

8. Study the food chain below. Which statement correctly compares the available energy between trophic levels in this food chain?

A. Energy is highest in algae and lowest in great black-backed gulls.

B. Energy is highest in great black-backed gulls and lowest in algae.

C. Energy is highest in crustaceans and puffins and lowest in algae and great black-backed gulls.

D. Energy is highest in algae and great black-backed gulls and lowest in crustaceans and puffins. A.

Food Chain

Great Black-backed Gulls

Puffins

Crustaceans

Algae


9. Study the food chain below. Which organism receives the MOST energy from corn? The LEAST energy from corn?

Most: chipmunk and mouse Least: Owl

SnakeFox

Mousechipmunk

Corn

Owl


C.

10. Which statement BEST explains why the snowy owl and the arctic fox can occupy the same trophic level in a tundra food web?A. They have light coloringB. They hunt at the same time of yearC. They eat primary consumers at different trophic levelsD. They take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

SnakeFox

Mousechipmunk

Corn

Owl


Unit2

• All models discussed show energy moves in only ____ direction through the trophic levels• Energy moves at each trophic level to the _________• This energy moves into the environment as _______• Energy is not _______but ____________• __________ flows through each level of a trophic system as well. Matter can NOT be replenished. • The elements of _______, __________, and oxygen (O) that make up the atoms of matter are the same atoms on earth when life began.

Cycles in Nature page 20.

Re-cycled • Matter is not regenerated, but, is constantly _______________.

one

next levelhea

tlost transferredMatte

rH N

Unit

2CYCLES OF NATURE

• All life on earth depends on the sun and __________

The water cycle• Water evaporates from lakes, oceans, rivers, etc.• Water vapor condenses when _________conditions occur• condensation on dust in the air causes drop to develop that becomes rain, ice, or snow

• The water accumulates in________, __________ and rivers.• The cycle of evaporation continues• Water is pulled from ground through leaves by___________• Animals breathe out water vapor in every breath __________ and water is returned to environment through ___________

The Water Cycle page 20

water

colder

oceans lakes

evaporationrespirati

onurination

Water Cycle70

Which two areas represent the movement of water vapor?

Transpiration and evaporation.71

Unit2

Section 2.2: Nutrition and Energy FlowWater cycle

video

The Water Cycle

11) Which process is MOST directly dependent on temperature reduction, small particles, and gravity to produce its product?

A. EvaporationB. TranspirationC. PrecipitationD. Condensation

C.


12) When coal is burned, sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas combines with water vapor to produce acid rain. Which model traces the path of the water vapor?A. Water vapor condensation

precipitationB. Water vapor precipitation

condensationC. Water vapor evaporation precipitationD. Water vapor precipitation evaporationA.


54) Study the water cycle below. Which process in the water cycle is represented by the X?A. Infiltration B. Condensation C. freshwater storage D. Groundwater discharge

X

precipitation

Surface runoff

ocean

evaporation

B. condensation.


54) Study the water cycle below. Which process in the water cycle is represented by the X?A. Infiltration B. Condensation C. freshwater storage D. Groundwater discharge

Hickox: Baker High School Biology 77

X

precipitation

Surface runoff

ocean

evaporation

Unit2

CARBON CYCLE• All life on earth is based on ___________ molecules• Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, amino acids

• The carbon cycle starts with the ___________(plants) • During photosynthesis the sun converts _________ into energy rich molecules of sugar used for growth and energy• Heterotrophs use the carbon molecules for growth & energy.• Once energy rich molecules are used _________is released into the atmosphere• Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the biotic parts of the biosphere through _____________

What is the Carbon Cycle? Page 20

Carbon cycle video

carbon

autotrophs CO2

CO2

photosynthesis

The Carbon Cycle

Unit2• Nitrogen, an important element is added in the process of ____________ our lawn.• Our air is 78% nitrogen but plants can not use, in that form.• Nitrogen must be converted to better used forms• Certain _____________ convert the nitrogen in the air to forms it can be used• Plants use nitrogen to make important molecules like _______.• When herbivore eat plants their bodies convert nitrogen containing plant proteins to nitrogen containing animal proteins.• Excess nitrogen is excreted as _________ When animals die, nitrogen is returned to soil.• Plants reuse this nitrogen in the soil.

The Nitrogen Cycle

Fertilizing

bacteria

proteins

urine.

Nitrogen in the atmosphere

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the

nodules on roots of leguminous plants fix atmospheric nitrogen.

Nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria

Some excess nitrogen evaporates from soil.

Nitrogen compounds

released into soils and acted

upon by soil bacteria

Released to the atmosphere

Assimilated by plants

Urine from

animals

Dead plant

matterDecomposing

organisms

Decomposers—bacteria and fungi—break down tissues and wastes and nitrogen-

containing compounds are released.

Converted to other nitrogen compounds

by soil bacteria


The Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen cycle video

Unit2

• Other material cycle in the environment in addition to water, carbon, and nitrogen.• Sulfur, Calcium, and phosphorus

Cycle of Phosphorus• All organisms require phosphorus for growth and development• Phosphorus is an essential element • Plants obtain phosphorus from the soil and animals from eating plants.• The decomposition of plants and animals return to the soil: WATER, CARBON, NITROGEN• Phosphorus has a short term and long term cycle

Other Material Cycles

Unit2

• Short-term Phosphorus Cycle is the decomposition of plants and animals, returning phosphorus to the soil.• When phosphates that are washed into the sea are incorporated into rock as insoluble compounds• Millions of years later as the environment changes the rock containing phosphorus is exposed and made part of the local ecological system.


13) Which sequence is part of the carbon cycle?A. transpiration evaporation condensation

precipitationB. Respiration photosynthesis organic decay coal

formationC. combustion evaporation respiration

condensationD. decomposition infiltration plant uptake

consumption B.


Car or truckTo CO2 to a

atmosphere

14) Study the carbon cycle diagram below. Which represents the release of carbon dioxide through

combustion?

Flower

Car or Truck

Rabbit

Carbon dioxide in

atmosphere


15. Study the table below. Which student correctly identifies processes in the oxygen cycle?

Student Uses Atmospheric

Oxygen

Releases Oxygen to the Atmosphere

1 Burning fossil fuels

Raccoons breathing

2 Ozone forming Forest fire burning

3 Lighting matches

Wheat growing

4 Trees growing fruit

Wolves howling


16) Which statement describes the changes that result from increased burning of fossil fuels?

A. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and carbon stored in fossil fuels both increase

B. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere decreases, and carbon stored in fossil fuels both decrease

C. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere decreases, and carbon stored in fossil fuels increase.

D. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, and carbon stored in fossil fuels decreases.

D.87Hickox: Baker High School Biology

17) Which sequence is part of the carbon cycle?A. transpiration evaporation condensation

precipitationB. Respiration photosynthesis organic decay coal

formationC. combustion evaporation respiration

condensationD. decomposition infiltration plant uptake

consumption B.


Car or truckTo CO2 to a

atmosphere

18) Study the carbon cycle diagram below. Which represents the release of carbon dioxide through

combustion?

Flower

Car or Truck

Rabbit

Carbon dioxide in

atmosphere


19. Study the table below. Which student correctly identifies processes in the oxygen cycle?

Student Uses Atmospheric

Oxygen

Releases Oxygen to the Atmosphere

1 Burning fossil fuels

Raccoons breathing

2 Ozone forming Forest fire burning

3 Lighting matches

Wheat growing

4 Trees growing fruit

Wolves howling


20) Which statement describes the changes that result from increased burning of fossil fuels?

A. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and carbon stored in fossil fuels both increase

B. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere decreases, and carbon stored in fossil fuels both decrease

C. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere decreases, and carbon stored in fossil fuels increase.

D. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, and carbon stored in fossil fuels decreases.

D.91Hickox: Baker High School Biology

21) When green plants produce oxygen, from which molecule does the oxygen come?

A. ATPB. WaterC. GlucoseD. Carbon dioxide

B.


D.

22. Which nitrogen compound is considered to be a pollutant released in jet exhaust?

a. Nitrogen gas (N2)b. Nitrate (NO3)c. Ammonia (NH4)d. Nitrogen oxide (NO2)


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week 10 biomes / ecology unit 2 section 2.1: organism and their environment

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