CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

WRITING 1

WEEK 3, DECEMBER 2012

What are Conjunctive Adverbs

• A conjunctive Adverb (also called adverbial conjunction) is a type of adverb that joins together two clauses. These clauses are usually independent clauses, otherwise known as complete sentences.

The Punctuation of conjunctive adverbs

• To correctly punctuate a conjunctive adverb, a writer will use a semicolon or period at the end of the first independent clause.

• The conjunctive adverb is then used followed by a comma and the next independent clause

E.g. (1). I wanted to go; however, I was too busy. (2). Marion needed to be home early. Consequently, she left work at 3 p.m.

Job of Conjunctive Adverbs

(1) I wanted to go; however, I was too busy.(2) Marion needed to be home early.

Consequently, she left work at 3 p.m.

• In this case, the conjunctive adverb may look like a coordinate conjunction (and, or, so, but, for), but it is not as strong as a coordinate conjunction.

Functions of Conjunctive Adverbs

To:– Indicate a connection between two independent

clauses in one sentence • The due date for the final paper has passed; therefore, I

could not submit mine on time.

– link the ideas in two or more sentences • I woke up very late this morning. Nevertheless, I wasn’t late

to school.

– show relationships between ideas within an independent clause.

Examples of Conjunctive AdverbsAccordinglyAdditionallyAlsoBesidesComparativelyConsequentlyConverselyFinallyFurtherFurthermoreElsewhereEquallyHence

HenceforthHoweverIn additionIn comparisonIn contrastIndeedInsteadLikewiseMeanwhileMoreoverNamelyNeverthelessNext

NonethelessNowOtherwiseRatherSimilarlyStillSubsequentlyThenThereafterThereforeThusYet

Links between clauses/sentences

• The purpose of a conjunctive adverb is to show a relationship between clauses such as comparing or contrasting, showing a sequence of events, or showing a cause and effect.

• Result: therefore, consequently, of course• Addition: moreover, furthermore, also, in addition, likewise, further• Time: meanwhile, in the meantime• Contrast: however, instead, on the contrary, on the other hand, in

contrast, rather• Summary: thus, in conclusion, then• Reinforcement: further, in particular, indeed, above all, in fact

Conjunctive adverbs in writing• Main clause; conjunctive adverb, main clause

– The heavy traffic on 5th street made Claire think twice about stopping by the mall; moreover, she had a huge science paper due the next morning.

• If a conjunctive adverb is used at the beginning of the sentence then use a comma immediately afterwards. For example:– John was tired after a long day at school. Therefore, he immediately

took a nap when he got home.

• Sometimes the interruption of flow is weak so a comma isn’t necessary. – Anna dropped her cell phone in the swimming pool. She will therefore

have to do extra chores to earn money for a new one.

• Here is another example of proper comma use.– George made a poor grade on his mid term exam. He is determined,

nevertheless, to get an ‘A’ in the class.

Exercises Choose the right conjunctive adverb for the sentence.

1) Hurry up;                  Otherwise   , you will be late for the train. 2) I studied hard for the exam;              however       , I failed. 3) Tom is a sportsman;                 likewise    , his brother Tom is athletic4) He didn’t go to college.          instead           , he started his own business. 5) He is not good-looking.                nevertheless     , he is popular among girls. 6) She didn’t take a bus to work today. Instead, she drove her car.

7) Jack wants a toy car for his birthday. Meanwhile, Jill wants a dollhouse for her birthday. 8) They returned home. Likewise, I went home. 9) There are many history books; however, none of them may be accurate. 10) It rained hard; moreover, lightening flashed and thunder boomed. 11) The baby fell asleep; then, the doorbell rang. 12) The law does not permit drinking and driving anytime; otherwise, there would be

many more accidents.

What you have learnt in Writing 1

• Subject-Verb Agreement• Types of Clauses

– (Independent & Dependent Clauses)• Types of Sentences (Structures of Clauses)

– (Simple, Compound, Complex, & Compound-Complex sentences)

• Types of Dependent Clauses– (Adjective, Noun, Adverbs Clauses, & Participle

Phrases)• Fragment & Run-Ons sentences• Sentence Coherence & Unity• Conjunctive Adverbs

What will Final test cover of?

• Weight 40%– Subject-verb agreement, types of clauses, types of

sentences, types of dependent clauses)• Weight 30 %

– Sentence coherence (Logic, Parallelism & Shift)• Weight 20 %

– Sentence Fragment & Run-Ons• Weight 10%

– Conjunctive Adverbs

Thank You&

Good Luck!!!