Week 2 HSA questions

April 16-April 20

Question 10

Which of these supply the main energy source used in cellular respiration?

a. lipidsb. amino acidsc. nucleic acidsd. carbohydrates

Question 11

A researcher is testing the effect of acid rain on living organisms. She takes a tissue sample and places it in acid rainwater, which decreases its pH. As the pH decreases, what will most likely happen to the enzyme reaction rates in the cells of this tissue?

a. They will increase.b. They will decrease.c. They will stay the same.d. They will increase and level off.

Question 12Scientists have recently discovered a new species that lives

attached to the side of a tree. An organism from this new species

• is multicellular• has cell walls• has vascular tissues• makes its own food• has structures that absorb moisture from the airWhich of these is not true about cells in the new organism?a. They contain nuclei.b. They use vacuoles for storage.c. They contain mitochondria.d. They use pseudopodia to move.

Question 13

A scientist is trying to discover a new treatment to stop cancer cells from dividing. In the cancer cells, which of these processes will stop if the treatment is successful?

a. mitosisb. chemosynthesisc. binary fissiond. genetic recombination

Question 14

Which of these is not a direct function of the skeletal system?

a. blood circulationb. muscle attachmentc. support of the bodyd. protection of the organs

Question 15Use the description of the experiment below to answer the

following.A student washes her hands with antibacterial soap and water. Then she touches the agar in a petri dish with her thumb. The agar contains nutrients that support the growth of bacteria. Other students repeat the procedure after washing their hands with three different kinds of antibacterial soap. The petri dishes are kept warm overnight to allow bacteria to grow. The next day the students count the number of bacterial colonies in each dish.What should be the effect of the soap in this experiment?

a. It should be toxic to the bacteria.b. It should help the bacteria to grow.c. It should change the pH of the agar.d. It should destroy the nutrients in the agar.

Question 16

Many bacteria live in fresh water. Which of these statements best describes what will happen when freshwater bacterial cells are placed in salt water?

a. Water leaves the cell, causing the cell to expand.b. Water leaves the cell, causing the cell to shrink.c. Water enters the cell, causing the cell to expand.d. Water enters the cell, causing the cell to shrink.

Question 17A summer camp was built near a lake in the

mountains. The campers used the lake for swimming, fishing, and boating. The relationships between three organisms found in the lake are shown below. Which of these fish cell structures would be most directly affected by a change in the oxygen level of the lake?

a. mitochondrionb. chloroplastc. golgi apparatusd. endoplasmic reticulum

Question 18

Specialized cells in the rafflesia flowers undergo a process that produces gametes. What is this process called?

a. binary fissionb. meiosisc. fertilizationd. enzyme regulation

Question 19Most organisms need oxygen for their cells to

function normally. In mammals, two organ systems work together to move oxygen throughout the body.The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body from the environment. Which of these body systems is directly involved in the delivery of oxygen to the major organs of the human body?

a. the nervous systemb. the digestive systemc. the endocrine systemd. the circulatory system

Question 20

Most carbohydrates in the human body area. used as building blocks for proteinsb. used as catalysts for reactions in cellsc. consumed as a source of energyd. not easily absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 21Hemoglobin is an important protein in red blood

cells. The DNA code for hemoglobin contains the following segment:

TGC-GGA-CTC-CTCWhich of these is the messenger RNA code for

this segment of DNA?a. ACG-CCT-GAA-GAAb. TCC-GGT-CTC-CTCc. ACG-CCU-GAG-GAGd. UGC-GGA-CUC-CUC

Question 22

Which of these is produced as a result of fertilization?

a. a zygote with twice the number of chromosomes as a gamete

b. an egg with half the number of chromosomes as a zygote

c. a gamete with twice the number of chromosomes as a zygote

d. a zygote with half the number of chromosomes as a gamete

Question 23Starch turns blue-black in the presence of iodine

solution. A selectively permeable dialysis sac containing a starch solution is placed into a beaker of iodine solution. If the dialysis sac is permeable only to water and iodine, what will the solutions in the beaker and the sac look like after two hours?

a. The iodine solution in the beaker will turn blue-black; the starch solution will not change.

b. The starch solution in the dialysis sac will turn blue-black; the iodine solution will not change.

c. Neither solution will turn blue-black.d. Both solutions will turn blue-black.

Question 24

In the early 1900s, many children had a disease called rickets. Research showed that the children had a deficiency of a vitamin that is necessary for the proper formation of bones.Which of these vitamins was lacking in the diets of these children?

a. vitamin Ab. vitamin Cc. vitamin Dd. vitamin K

Week 3 HSA Questions

April 23-April 27

Question 25Amylase is an enzyme

that allows the human body to digest starch. Which of these diagrams best represents part of the structure of amylase?

Question 26Corals are marine animals that often live in tropical

seas. Many types of corals have unicellular algae living in their tissues. The algae provide up to 98 percent of the corals' food. The corals provide protection and inorganic nutrients for the algae.Some coral cells undergo meiosis. Which of these would not occur during meiosis?

a. formation of a zygoteb. chromosomes crossing-overc. production of gametesd. reduction in number of chromosomes

Question 27Most bacteria do not have the ability to break

down oil that is accidentally spilled into the ocean by tankers. However, scientists can insert a gene into the DNA of a bacterium to give it the ability to break down the oil. This technology is an example of

a. crossing-overb. DNA replicationc. gene splicingd. translation

Question 28In humans, the allele for dimples (D) is

dominant. The allele for not having dimples (d) is recessive. A woman (DD) and a man (Dd) have four children. Which of these is the predicted ratio of the children with dimples to the children without dimples?

a. 1:0b. 1:1c. 1:3d. 3:1

Question 29

Some types of bacteria live deep in the ocean where sunlight cannot reach. These bacteria use the energy stored in inorganic molecules to make sugars.Which of these processes do the bacteria use to produce sugars?

a. photosynthesisb. chemosynthesisc. aerobic respirationd. nitrogen fixation

Question 30

After an egg cell containing 16 chromosomes is fertilized, how many chromosomes will be present in the zygote?

a. 8b. 16c. 32d. 64

Question 31In horses, the allele for straight hair (B) is dominant

to the allele for curly hair (b). Which of these sets of parents can produce offspring with curly hair?

a. a heterozygous male with straight hair and a homozygous female with straight hair

b. a homozygous male with curly hair and a homozygous female with straight hair

c. a heterozygous male with straight hair and a heterozygous female with straight hair

d. a homozygous male with straight hair and a homozygous female with straight hair

Question 32

Sea stars are genetically different from each other and from their parents. These genetic differences are the result of

a. mitosisb. cloningc. sexual reproductiond. asexual reproduction

Question 33

Which of these correctly matches the molecule with its function?

a. lipid—stores genetic informationb. vitamin—supplies energy to cellsc. enzyme—speeds up chemical reactionsd. carbohydrate—manufactures cell

membranes

Question 34

Deep sea bacteria live at ocean depths too great for light to reach. These bacteria make their own food. Which of these is the source of energy for the bacteria?

a. nucleic acidsb. binary fissionc. inorganic compoundsd. DNA replication

Question 35Use the information below to answer the

following item.A pair of laboratory mice are crossed to obtain offspring. Three alleles found in the female gamete are ABC. Three alleles found in the male gamete are Abc.Which of these is a possible combination of alleles for the offspring produced by these mice?

a. AaBbCcb. AABBCCc. aabbccd. AABbCc

Question 36

Which of these are the repeating units that form a DNA molecule?

a. fatty acidsb. nucleotidesc. amino acidsd. chromosomes

Question 37

Which of these is an example of a heterozygous genotype?

a. Rrb. RRc. wrinkledd. round

Question 38

Which of these results when one nitrogen base replaces another in a segment of genetic material?

a. an enzyme substrateb. a mutationc. a feedback loopd. an adaptation

Question 39

Which of the following pairs of materials is required for a cell to carry on respiration?

a. water and oxygenb. glucose and oxygenc. water and carbon dioxided. glucose and carbon dioxide

Week 4 HAS Questions

April 30 2012

Question 40

A student wants to examine chromosomes from animal cells. Which of these would be the best tool for the student to use?

a. litmus paperb. thermometerc. dissecting microscoped. compound microscope

Question 41The graphs below show the effects of temperature and pH on the reaction rate

of an enzyme.

Food will stay fresh longer when enzyme activity is slowed. Which of the following conditions would most likely slow enzyme activity?

a. reducing pH from 8 to 7 by adding a weak acidb. increasing pH from 5 to 6 by adding a weak basec. reducing temperature from 30°C to 20°C by refrigerationd. increasing temperature from 30°C to 40°C by heating

Question 42Sea grasses grow on the ocean floor in shallow

areas. Runoff from the land into the ocean can cause the waters to become cloudy. Cloudy water affects the sea grasses’ ability to make their own food because there is not enough

a. oxygenb. waterc. lightd. carbon

Question 43The presence or absence of freckles is determined

by one gene. The allele for freckles (F) is dominant and the allele for the absence of freckles (f) is recessive.A couple has several children. All of the children have freckles because their parents' genotypes can only produce children with freckles. Which of these are most likely the genotypes of the two parents?

a. Ff and ffb. FF and ffc. Ff and Ffd. ff and ff

Question 44

Which of these is necessary for natural selection to occur?

a. genetic engineeringb. genetic variationc. asexual reproductiond. environmental stability

Question 45

A sperm cell of a moth has 112 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the moth's wing cells?

a. 66b. 112c. 224d. 448

Question 46

What is the primary role of the endocrine system?

a. to produce chemicals that affect other parts of the body

b. to remove waste products from the bloodc. to defend the body against illness and

infectiond. to coordinate movement of the body

Question 47The pitcher plant is a carnivorous plant that

consumes various small organisms such as spiders and frogs. The pitcher plant is often found in areas with soil that is very acidic and contains few nutrients. The pitcher plant consumes organisms that help supply the plant with nutrients that are not in the soil.In which soil pH range are pitcher plants most likely found?

a. 4.5–5.5b. 7–8c. 10.5–11.5d. 13–14

Question 48A pair of laboratory mice are crossed to obtain

offspring. Three alleles found in the female gamete are ABC. Three alleles found in the male gamete are Abc.What is formed when a male gamete combines with a female gamete?

a. zygoteb. eggc. spermd. chromosome

Question 49In humans, the allele for long eyelashes is

dominant (L) and the allele for short eyelashes is recessive (l). A female who is heterozygous for long eyelashes and a male with short eyelashes have a child.What is the probability that their offspring will have short eyelashes?

a. 0%b. 25%c. 50%d. 75%

Question 50Loggerhead turtles in the Atlantic Ocean return to

lay their eggs on the same beaches where they hatched. Scientists have observed that the turtles have a “compass sense.” This sense allows them to use Earth's magnetic field to find their way back to the beaches where they were hatched.Which of these terms best describes the turtle's ability to use Earth's magnetic field?

a. diversityb. habitatc. successiond. adaptation

Question 51The mole rat is an animal that avoids predators by

living underground. Its long claws and teeth allow it to dig deep holes. Scientists believe the ancestors of the mole rat lived above ground and had shorter claws and teeth.Which of these processes resulted in the long claws and teeth found in the modern mole rat?

a. natural selectionb. selective breedingc. genetic engineeringd. asexual reproduction

Question 52Use the information and Punnett square below to answer

the following question.In guinea pigs, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant. The allele for brown fur (b) is recessive. Two guinea pigs were crossed as shown in the Punnett square below. Numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent the types of offspring produced from the cross.

What is the probability that an offspring from this cross would have brown fur?

a. 0%b. 25%c. 50%d. 75%

Question 53

Which of these organ systems is responsible for the removal of metabolic wastes from the blood?

a. endocrineb. nervousc. respiratoryd. excretory

Question 54Scientists wanted to study the effect of water temperature on the swimming

speed of goldfish. They set up an experiment in which they raised populations of goldfish in two different aquariums. Population 1 was raised at 5°C. Population 2 was raised at 25°C. All other variables were constant in both aquariums. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph below.

Which of these is most affected in the cells of the goldfish when the water temperature is lowered?a. enzyme activityb. pH levelc. DNA base sequenced. salt concentration

Week 5 HSA Questions

May 8 2012

Question 55The organisms in this community live near heated vents.

Inorganic compounds such as sulfides mix with extremely hot water when they are released from the vents. Bacteria use the sulfides to make food for themselves and other animals. Many of these bacteria live in the bodies of the giant tubeworms and the giant white clams that live in this community.The bacteria that live in the bodies of the giant tubeworms and the giant white clams are classified as

a. eukaryotesb. prokaryotesc. plantsd. fungi

Question 56Gray wolves were reintroduced into

Yellowstone National Park in 1995. Two years later, the population of coyotes had decreased by 50%. Coyotes were found in all habitats of the park before the gray wolves were reintroduced. Now, coyotes are most often found in the hills and mountains.Coyotes and gray wolves have a high degree of relatedness. Which of these best describes why the two species are closely related?

a. They have similar behaviors.b. They have a common ancestor.c. They feed on the same types of food.d. They are found in the same habitat.

Question 57

Which of these combinations results in the expression of a recessive trait?

a. two dominant allelesb. a dominant sex-linked allele and a Y

chromosomec. two recessive allelesd. a dominant allele and a recessive allele

Question 58

Which of these shows how energy is usually transferred in a food chain?

a. herbivore producer carnivoreb. producer carnivore herbivorec. carnivore herbivore producerd. producer herbivore carnivore

Question 59A scientist wanted to find out if low numbers of fish found

in a nearby lake were related to acid rain. During his three-year study, he analyzed rainwater and lake water samples. By gathering samples of fish, he estimated the number of fish in the lake.Each year he found that both the rainwater and lake water became more acidic, and the number of fish decreased.His data suggested that acid rain may be responsible for the decrease in the number of fish found in the lake.What most likely led to the rainwater’s increasing acidity?

a. ultraviolet radiationb. sedimentationc. burning fossil fuelsd. global warming

Question 60

A team of marine scientists is studying biotic and abiotic factors that affect the stability of a deep-sea ecosystem.The scientists discovered a species of fish that eats other fish and decaying matter. Which of these does not describe the newly discovered fish?

a. consumerb. predatorc. scavengerd. producer

Question 61Reef-building coral are marine animals with single-

celled algae living in their tissues. The coral provide protection for the algae and the algae provides food for the coral. Which of these statements best explains what would happen to the coral if the algae die?

a. The coral would grow well because it does not have a competitor.

b. The coral would die because it needs the food produced by the algae.

c. The coral would grow well because it does not have a parasite.

d. The coral would die because it cannot produce food for the algae.

Question 62

Botulism, a type of food poisoning, is caused when bacteria release a poisonous substance. Eating even a small amount of food that contains the poisonous substance can cause death.This poisonous substance is called

a. a virusb. a toxinc. a parasited. a scavenger

Question 63

Fluoride is added to drinking water supplies in many states. People cannot see fluoride in the water because it

a. turns into waterb. settles to the bottom of a containerc. dissolves to form a colorless solutiond. is less dense than water so it floats

Question 64The skeletal structures of the flipper and

the arm are similar, even though they have different functions. Seals use their flippers for swimming, while monkeys use their arms primarily for grasping and lifting.Which of these explains why the skeletal structures of the seal's flipper and the monkey's arm are similar?

a. Seals and monkeys have a common ancestor.

b. Seals and monkeys have identical DNA sequences.

c. All of the same genetic mutations occurred in seals and monkeys.

d. All of the same vitamins are used for bone formation in seals and monkeys.

Question 65The characteristics listed below can be used to describe

some molecules.• inorganic• supplies energy and fiber• component of plant cell walls• part of DNA• made of nucleotidesWhich of these sets of characteristics describes a

carbohydrate?a. 1–3–5b. 2–3–4c. 2–4–5d. 1–3–4

Question 66Elodea, a freshwater plant, releases gas bubbles

when it is placed in direct light. In an investigation, a student placed a lamp at different distances from an aquarium containing Elodea. The student counted the number of bubbles produced by the Elodea plant.The bubbles released by Elodea contain mostly

a. oxygenb. carbon dioxidec. nitrogend. water vapor

Question 67

Which of these is an environmental factor that causes damage to chromosomes?

a. acid rainb. lead paintc. methane gasd. ultraviolet light

Question 68

A 125-million-year-old small mammal skeleton was recently discovered in China. The role of this small mammal in its ecosystem can best be determined by comparing its skeleton to

a. ancient small mammal skeletonsb. modern small mammal skeletonsc. modern small mammal DNAd. ancient small mammal DNA

Question 69

Nitrogen compounds are a part of all organisms. What happens to the nitrogen in an organism after it dies?

a. It is destroyed by decomposition.b. It is recycled and used by other organisms.c. It remains trapped in the organism's tissues.d. It is all used up by the time the organism

dies.