Week 3

Electrical

• Code

• 1. all electrical outlets run off a pigtail from main line

• 2. Each Circuit is wired directly into circuit panel - no junction boxes

• 3. Bathrooms must have GFCI either at panel or first outlet must be GFCI

• 4. In rooms must have outlet

• a) on any wall longer than 2’

• b) no more than 6’ from any door

• c) no more than 12 feet apart along wall

• d) less than 18” off floor

• 5. Kitchen

• a) Refridgerator on own circuit

• b) at least two circuits for outlets

• c) must have outlet on island if more than 6 sq ft

• d) outlets within 6 feet of sink must be GFCI

• e) all countertops must have a wall outlet

• 6. Must have at least 1 outside outlet - GFCI

• 7. Don’t forget furnace

• 8. Fire detectors must be hard wired into a circuit with lights

• 9. Separate circuits for: Clothes Dryer, Electric Range, Electric Ovens, Electric Hot Water Heater, Gas Range, Electric baseboard heaters

• 10. Must fill all holes between floors with a fire stop caulk

• Know local code - does all wiring have to be in conduits?

Plumbing

• 1. All drain pipes must be vented

• 2. Sewer pipe must be PVC Schedule 40 or better - can use cast iron pipe

• 3. All sewer pipe joints must be welded

• 4. Minimum 3” pipe for toilets and main runs

• 5. Minimum 1-1/4” pipe for sink drains

• 6. 1/2” pipe minimum for water pipes type L copper

• 7. 3/4” copper pipe for baseboard heat

• 8. Gas is piped through Black Iron pipe and fittings or rolled copper tube

• 9. boilers and hot water heaters must have a pressure relief valve and piping to floor

• 10. Rough in plumbing includes setting tubs and showers - need to insulate outside walls before they are installed

Large Projects

• Estimated differently than other projects– Many involve several separate construction

projects– May be large area

• Roadway• Super Walmart• Large housing development

– Have to look at project to do estimate correctly

• May break project into quadrants or sections to facilitate scheduling (allows faster completion)– Need to estimate each section to get correct

quantities– Won’t be the same quantities as if doing 1

estimate

Contingencies

• What is it?– Risk factor– Allows contractor to factor in the unknown– The less that is known about project – higher

the contingency– Design –Build has a high contingency at start

of project • decreases as project is built

• Why do you want to minimize it?– Part of bid– Drives up final price– Need a good estimate– Contingency never equals zero

• Always something that is not known– Price fluctuation– Weather– Labor

Mobilization

• How much does a piece of equipment cost– Need to include getting it to/from site– Need a truck to haul each way– Each time equipment is brought on site cost

money– Want to minimize – how– What is cost?

• Truck, driver, setup, inspection• May need equipment to set up

Unit price bid

• We have been talking about a lump sum estimate

• Unit Price estimate gives price per unit to do work– Multiply units by price to get cost– Still need a good estimate to find errors – Includes all costs associated with item

• Mob/Demob, material cost, labor cost