weight and balance (2)

8/19/2019 Weight and Balance (2)

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2/29

Aircraft must be weighed: Initially upon manufacture Periodically as stated by regulations When completely repainted When installing new equipment After major repair if it is stated in the

manual for such repair


3/29

Pilots Handbook of AeronauticalInformation• hapter !

Pilots "perating Handbook #speci$caircraft%


4/29

Weight enter of &ra'ity and (alance Practice


5/29

)he lift generated by the airfoils ofthe aircraft must be able to o'ercomethe weight

*ess weight will gi'e us betterperformance

+ore weight will gi'e us more

stability


6/29

Higher takeof speed required Longer takeof run Reduced rate and angle o climb Lower maximum altitude

Shorter Range Reduced cruise speed Reduced maneuverability (more stable Higher stall speed Higher approach and landing speed

required to generate the necessary lit Longer landing roll !xcessive weight on nosewheel


7/29

Adequate pre,-ight planning• .se charts pro'ided

• onsider performance and emergency

factors /uel load

• 0 pounds per gallon

Passengers and baggage• +other in law1


8/29

2e$nition: Point at which the airplanewould balance if suspended

*ateral &• /uel onsumption

*ongitudinal &• an mo'e fore or aft depending on load

• P"H has published 3& limits4


9/29

5ose 6 Hea'y• Problems controlling and raising the nose

• Inability to -are for landing

Acts as more weight• +ore stable

• 2ecreased Performance

Higher stall speeds


10/29

)ail Hea'y• *ight control forces• 7asy to o'er,control and o'erstress

8educed capability to reco'er fromstalls and spins• an not lower nose• /lat spin: nearly impossible to reco'er

2ecreased stability• 2i9cult to right itself after

maneu'eringturbulence


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14/29

"rm:hori;ontal distance in inches fromthe reference datum line to the center ofgra'ity of an item< #=% denotes aft ofdatum> #,% denotes forward of datum

#oment: Product of the weight of an itemmultiplied by its arm $atum% Imaginary 'ertical plane or line

from which all measurements of arm aretaken< 7stablished by manufacturer<

7'erything #moment arms> & range%measured from this point< Station: *ocation in the airplane

identi$ed by a number designating itsdistance in inches from the datum<


15/29

&uel Load% .seable fuel 'ayload% Weight of occupants> cargo> and

baggage

seul Load% Weight of pilot> copilot>passengers> baggage> usable fuel anddrainable oil< (asic empty weightsubtracted from ma? allowable gross<

$elta: )riangle used denote a change in'alues


16/29

Standard !mpty )eight% onsists of theairframe> engines and all items of operatingequipment that ha'e $?ed locations and are

permanently installed in the airplaneincluding $?ed ballast> hydraulic -uid>unusable fuel and full engine oil

Licensed !mpty )eight% 7mpty weight of

aircraft including airframe> engine>unusable fuel> undrainable oil> standard andoptional equipment


17/29

*asic !mpty )eight% Includes thestandard empty weight of aircraft plusoptional and special equipment installed

#aximum +ero &uel )eight% ma?weight before fueling #un,useable fuelonly%


18/29

)hree +ethods• omputational #math%

Piper

• &raph Piper

essna

• )ablature


19/29

After recei'ing your Pri'ate Piloterti$cate> you decide to take yourfamily on sight,seeing -ight around

&rand /orks< If your mom weighs @Blbs and sits it the co,pilot seat> yourdad is CBB lbs> your sister is @@lbs

and you weigh @DB lbs> how muchfuel can you bring1What will be your&1


20/29

What is your enter of &ra'ity if youdecide to go camping with your bestfriend1• Eou: @F

• /riend: @

• amping 7quipment: CBB

•/ull /uel


21/29

amping was so much fun that yourfriend oGers to -y the two of you upto anada in his essna @!C the

ne?t weekend to go Hiking< )his time>you decide to take your friends !B lbborder collie and CF lbs of supplies<

Eour friend lets you do the weight andbalance because of your superiorskills<


22/29

.nfortunately> it looks like youre o'erweight forthe trip< 2etermine our new & if we remo'e B lbsfrom station FJ< #8emember> our old weight wasD>@C! lbs with a & of JJ a positi'e number means a moreforward &> you will ha'e to subtract the numberfrom the old &< A negati'e number means a moreAft &> you will ha'e to add the number to the old&<


23/29

As long as you are shifting things forthe -ight> you decide to mo'e F lbsfrom station FJ #pa? seats% to station

@CK #baggage area %< What is yournew &1


24/29

.sing the the adet> what is your &for the following:• Pilot and /ront Passenger CCB

• Pa?: CB• /uel: B gal<


25/29

How much fuel can you take in theadet with the following1• Pilot: CBB

• o,Pilot: CB• Pa?: DDB

• (aggage: B


26/29

In the essna> $nd your weight andbalance for the following:• Pilot: @F lbs

• o,pilot @KBlbs• /ull /uel

• Pa?: DDB lbs

• (aggage: @CB lbs 6 all in area A

What are some ways you could reduce theweight into limits1


27/29

How much cargo will I need to shiftfrom the aft cargo compartment atstation @B to the forward cargo

compartment at station DB to mo'ethe & e?actly within the aft limit of!B!BB lbs• & is at station !@


28/29

Weight to be shifted L @!BB @CB in

Weight to be hifted L 0 lbs


29/29

If my current gross weight is C!BB lbsand I need to mo'e my & from KB to!F to bring it within limitations> how

much weight will I need to remo'e ifthe baggage is located 0B inches aftof my current &1

weight and balance (2)

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