Welcome to Btec Mediaby Amy Poole

IntroductionWithin this PowerPoint I’m going to look at connotations and credibility ofparticular articles journalists have written and implemented to make theirarticles meet professional standards. I will be both showing a wide range ofsources from the internet as well as evidence from my own work regarding thepractices journalist follow when reporting certain stories as this can havesignificant impact how the audience perceive and receive the story.

Media Regulators for Journalists

• OFCOM- Ofcom is the main broadcaster regulator that deals with complaints from themass audiences across TV and digital media spectrum. They have a set of broadcastingcodes and conventions for journalists to follow. These are important because they set outwhat the journalist can and can’t do when making a news report. The types of issuesdiscussed within Ofcoms codes and conventions are accuracy and fairness which are evenmore important aspects within the print publication regarding how journalists report asthey the audience want the report to be accurate as they are dependent on the journalistnews regarding certain subjects.

• Source OFCOM : http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/broadcasting/broadcast-codes/broadcast-code/

PRESS COMPLIANTS COMISSON- They are an organisation regulated by newspaper editors who have the right to regulate themselves and discuss matters being raised by complaints made from the public. Recent controversial news i.e phone hacking scandal and the Levenson inquiry have questioned how this organisation is run as this allowed peoples privacy to be invaded through hacking their phones. Nevertheless, this is still important for journalist to beware if they do breach any representation all the worlds media will be on them.

Social and cultural awareness

Definition:

Social and cultural awareness means how the journalist must consider when trying to display a certain sensitive topic to the audience through not offending people on their culture or social beliefs or disabilities or ethnic origin. Therefore, they must try not in anyway misrepresent an ethnic group or lifestyle as people can be offended if a certain group is singled out i.e. disabilities ,sexuality through the context and language being used within the print article which can cause various regulators to investigate claims from the audience I.e. Ofcom, press complaints commission etc. If they do in any way conflict these social and culture issues then criminal proceedings can happen along with large public out cry due to the fact that the people are offended and there have been complaints.

Example of Cultural awareness

How they portray cultural awareness in this particular article isthrough trying not in any way create an stereotypes in regards tothe country Iran because this news report can have damagingimpact on how the audience perceive the country which can beseen as inaccurate as the journalist reporting from the outsideviewing in to the heart of subject .But when you first read thetitle of the article it can be seen to the audience a bit aggressivebecause some people may be offended as this article is verymuch a political and culture debate regarding Iran an Islamicculture hatred regards to the western culture and products suchas the Barbie doll which sounds silly but this is serious subject.

The cultural awareness issue being raised within this article is that western culture products are being banned within Iran which is cultural issue as the journalist is accusing one cultural discriminating another culture within this article.

In order in not offend any culture beliefs within the article the journalist has remained impartial in order not to influence the audience views and opinions through the way they feel. But there are subtle hints of a biased approach within the article because they are directly making arguments and accusations against one particular culture therefore they have provided evidence firstly to not held the journalist accountable for a sudden outburst against that culture. But secondly they use evidence such statistics to show truth in the allegations into what journalist is making in the article to highlight the audience this is indeed happening rather than making a argument without any factual evidence to the audience.

Credibility The definition of credibility is how sufficiently the evidence being used within anargument or report is backed up i.e. if someone is making an accusation or assumptionthey must have reliable facts to make their case be known. Within journalism itself whenthe writer is making the story they must showcase a wide range of trustworthy evidencei.e. 3 sources or more saying the same evidence before providing the case to the audienceas they have to make sure they showcase the accurate information as if they don’t thenthe audience will be mislead. So they source the information so that the audience canfind out where they got the information so that they know there is credible evidencebehind their argument

• Advantages of using the another agencies information is that you can start to build up an effective case for the story being reported in this case.

• However the main disadvantage is that you can’t always depend on other agencies for being a reliable source of information as they might not have all the facts .So in this particular story they have found various sources and have highlighted this to the audience through giving a detailed background history of the product from Barbie doll manufactures Mattel and rules and regulations Iran have implemented.

Advantages /Disadvantages

Accuracy Article 1 continuedhttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2089392/Ban-Barbie-Police-Iran-shut-toy-shops-selling-U-S-doll-crackdown-Western-culture.html

As they are making accusations about one particular culture they need hard evidence to back up what they are saying so that they don’t misrepresent a culture which is discrimination and unlawful as it will create a false interpretation of a country and religion.

So they have used statistic i.e. time and dates are included to build up a picture of the timescale of how Iran began implementing these rules and regulations within the article to bring the audiences attention to how serious and rapid Iran have pulled the plug on Barbie as it conflicts with their beliefs both political and religious.

The accuracy within this article can be challenged due to the fact that a news agency has been sourced .So later on in the article they have included eye witness accounts to bring to life the statics they reported earlier. This clarifies the audiences understanding as they have someone they can identify with rather than see statistics. They have also sourced the information so that they the audience can find out the information later.

Readability

What readability means how readable is the text i.e. how is the structure set out within thearticle for the audience to understand the purpose of the text and meaning of all. So what thejournalist needs to accommodate with the readability with their articles is their targetaudience , as this can have a direct impact how they structure their articles and how theaudience perceive them for instance if they are a younger audience then the language andsentences would be shorter compared to an older audience due the fact that differentaudiences take information different ways. Therefore the journalist firstly understand thepurpose of the article and genre to best attract the audience to the article to meet theaudiences attention.

Readability : The Phone hacking scandal

These paragraphs are short and precise to meet theaudiences needs by being able to read and identify theinformation automatically as the newspaper has tried to doa breakdown of why and how the inquiry worked over themonths .As the purpose of this is to raise questions of timeand money spent to conduct the inquiry for the Pm to goagainst the main finding of it all as they the newspaper aretrying to display the mood of anger of those it has effectedas well as making the audience be angry as a lot of publicmoney has been wasted .

http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/leveson-report-david-cameron-rejects-1464508

In this particular case they again are trying to bring to attention in a subtle way the people uproar of David Cameron’s decision to not sanction tougher rules to the press by showcasing the people’s opinions of those involved such as Kate and Gerry McCann and the Dowler family who have been seriously effected from what has happened. The impact this has it that it is advantage including people who it was affected is that people can relate to the how hard it has been for them to relive personal tragedy. But the disadvantage of using quotes within this article is that they the newspaper can miss quote a person which will create false representation which people can sue for libel as it false and harm peoples reputation.

What is important about the readability of this particular article is that this is tabloid newspaper which is aimed working class with agenda of its own which supports labour rather than the government in charge of the country conservative. This is important to understand as they will be in the article the levenson inquiry attacking one of the main founding's of the inquiry which the prime minister wont implement stronger regulations to media which have meant victims have had to relive situations for the inquiry with nothing to be specifically done.

They have been known The Mirror newspaper to highlight any controversial decisions being made by the Conservatives in order to show their weaknesses in subtle ways to try to bring attention to the Labour party’s views to influence the audience within their articles. Within this particular

Readability Up Close

Images viewed within the readability of the article are used out of context to seriously have major impact to get people talking such as the graveyard showing the beginning of the end of the NHS with a serious cuts coming from the Pm .This can cause controversial as it is sensitive place for remembering people who have died. Another images that are used two significant people the coalition leaders smiling which shows the emotion The mirror wants to convey which is inaccurate as they have been taken out of context.

Sarcastic views are shown within the article to over exaggerate point to grab the audience attention into the reading the product and the article which is effective as it does make topic of conversation as people do use the NHS and know what it is.

There is deep empathise within short captions that have a long lasting impacts in the article as it is purposely focuses on the serious decision of Pm made regarding cuts to the NHS which we all dependent on as it has heritage and purpose it serves .

What is Representation?Definition: Representations means how to present something to the audience through creating a specific meaning while informing the audience within a story this can consist of gender ,races ,age , disability and sexuality. This can be a sensitive subject with the issues being discussed within the articles so the journalist must not try to create stereotypes as this is ethnically wrong . They would be creating false predicaments which will offend people and could have devastating impacts beyond the article control.

What journalists must do?• Portray Fairness to the audience through showing both sides of the argument in

order to allow the audience to make up their own mind rather than influencing the audience through a biased approach. Therefore they must remain impartial to create a neutral tone for the article while respecting peoples views and try not to create a false representation to what a person said to make another meaning which wasn’t intended for their article as it wouldn’t be fair or respectable for the person they used within the interview for the article.

RACE

What race particular means their colour of skin ,religion and place of birth. What journalist must becareful about displaying with their articles it that can have serious complications both legally andethically because it is criminal offense for people to be represented one race inferior than other becauseit inaccurate and not fair as we are all equal. Therefore the journalist have to be careful with their chooseof words and language in order not to create stereotypes which wouldn’t be right.

The way the race issue was handled within the article was sensitively through showcasing a range of views from parents and experts and other sources is that they create a topical issue while the writer is allowing fairness to be shown .This is important as we the audience get to see from those this TV show effects from a parent who was interviewed gives for and against views about the programme which is really interesting while stating why she won’t watch it it. They the journalist had to be careful with the language as this is tv children program and needed to make sure that they didn’t indirect provide a stereotype which could falsey discriminate the programme or racial group because people look up to the programme for guidance and teaching life lessons.

REPRESENTATION:RACE

Representation : Further on in the article the tone develops in a more serious tone as parents and experts such as poets from the culture raster mouse is covering i.e. Benjamin Zephaniah Rastafarian poet who begins to voice his opinions as well as a psychologist who relate from that ethic origin. This makes it more serious for the reader to take on board as they are giving their professional opinion as well as hearing the side from those people this story effects race.

Source of information:http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/rastamouse-kids-tv-show-sparks-111140

Again fairness is displayed in the article in to not createstereotypes through both sides of the argument for andagainst the programme. There is also responses fromthe makers of the programme behind why the createdthe programme with a purpose which draws the articleto conclusion which clarifies what the programmeoriginally portrayed to do when came to air. This iseffective as it allows the audience to make up theirmind rather than journalist doing this for them throughusing their own personal knowledge. Instead, thejournalist allowed for all the facts to be heard collated.

REPRESENTATION:GENDER

The reason why representation of gender is important is in order to not cause sexism which is unfair andnot ethically right .So the journalist must try to create an effective yet accurate piece is they are trying tosay something regarding one particular gender. Therefore they must provide sufficient evidence to back upwhat they are saying rather than opinions which wouldn’t be good or professional for how the journalistoperates in the media industry

However in order to make these claims the journalist highlighted the study and how many researchers who conduced this so we the audience can understand the full facts and whether the stats add up.

Journalist also gets view points from famous male and female drivers which turn the study on its head whilst also highlighting a few elements of sexism within their response in a subtle way

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/9047627/Women-are-better-at-parking-than-men-study-suggests.html

By using information from a study the journalist has covered himself from being sexist through making a conclusion that women are better drivers than men. Throughout this particular article there gas been serious debate challenging the report by getting experts and ordinary peoples preception,

Audience: Three different types of reading Examples

• Preferred reading: What this particularly means is that we the audience accept the meaning of the writers article i.e. for instant if you look at the Mirror article about the Levenson inquiry Cameron is wrong about the end result and not implementedany reviews .Some will agree with the frustration at the Prime Minister where as some people will disagree with the writers opinion.

• Negotiable reading: What this particularly means is that although they do sometimes accept the preferred meaning they remain on the fence as they can see some contradictions in their view point to what is being shown by the writer. An example of this within my PowerPoint is the article on the gypsies being racially stereotyped due to my personal opinions. But again this can all be changed by someone else's opinions.

• Oppositional reading: What this means the audience totally disagrees with a journalist news report as they don’t share the audiences personal beliefs i.e. some people will disagree with that report I covered with women being the best drivers at parking at the car i.e. men will disagree with these claims. What makes all three types of reading is that they will vary from each audience ethnicity, personal beliefs whether religious or not and social background and age as we all have different interpretations and opinions which make us who we are and respond to the same situations in different ways. All this plays a part within how we respond to text and interact to discuss our own opinions.

REPRESENTATION:SEXUALITY

The reason why it is important for representation of sexuality to be dealt with sensitively is because people can get offended as well as they have to be careful not to create stereotypes which isn't ethically wrong as they are making false interpretations on minority groupwhich can have devastating impacts on them after the article has been published.

Source of information: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-17693947

The focus within the article is trying to highlight a serious matter of an advertisement being banned for causing offense to a minority group because of their sexuality .So in order not to cause further distress the writer has deeply highlighted the peoples outcry through using quotes and figures from the people this issue has affected as well as trying to not use any offensive language to describe the incident. If they didn’t do this then they can the journalist be done for be encouraging discrimination of minority which isn't remaining impartial or political correct as the journalist is to remain impartial and report the story because this can have influence on peoples opinions.

Connotation Source of information:http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/one-direction-on-alan-carr-louis-1346656

What is connotaton means is what the literal meaning of product is so if we look at this particular article. This article is tabloid article which is informal and aimed at the working class and any one likes entertainment as within this article the writer is talking about One Direction popular pop star Louis Tomlinson is outraged at being called gay when in fact he has a girlfriend. So how the writer targets the audience is to make a deep empathise of the celebrity status of the one direction star to make this story be the headline story which will draw peoples attention into reading the story as he is a wellknown person within the industry. So the writer includes pictures that prove he isnt gay to rectify the issue to reiterate what Louis Tomlinson has said in order to firstly not misqoute the star as they can the journalist be done for libel for if in away using for false evidence to the audience that misrepresent the star.

If You look at the title itself it is more light-hearted and making fun of Louis Tomlinson for taking it to heart through the use of language the writer makes for its target audience which are a younger audience than the previous article and less sophisticated .Therefore it’s more colloquial and less serious with out offending the sexual orientation. Some people may be offended that it is being reported this way because the word degrading has been used. This is evident that the connotation if anything is making fun at the star for being needed to hit out at the accusation of his sexuality to anybody which shows how silly the situation it has become now that he is famous.

MIXMAG PROJECT

In this course you as students have to follow professional magazine standards i.e. Mixmag dance music magazine , in order to create a professional magazine front cover and article.

Readability means- how a article is structured through the length ,writing style and content. • Target audience:24-72% male,28% female” are made up of their audience are young as quoted within their media

pack “Budding bedroom DJS” So what does this tell us . It tells us they are aiming for people who have a keen interest in making music and the using of the latest equipment

• Content/language: They are informal and use dance music terms to meet the target audience as well as using emotional and descriptive language to bring to life the dance scene festivals and events towards the audiences attention.

• Two types of articles : Mixmag has two types of interviews within its magazine Question and Answer is a special monthly feature . This features a special artist each month to discuss the artists background and interests while promoting their new material. Whereas a free flowing is more descriptive and imaginative with a lot of emotions and descriptive language taking place with vibrant pictures.

MIXMAG LAURA JONES ARTICLEConnotation: Within this free flowing article Mixmag are doing a feature on DJ Laura Jones recent gig at Mixmag were present . Whilst also they talk about within the article the troubles she has faced over the years as wells her battling with a current disability which is a an eye condition. Within this article is informal language so that the audience can relate to the content rather than be confused with formal language

LENGTH: The length is 1,946 characters i.e. 2 pages. This is because it consists of descriptive language of describing the gig itself as well as. I used this as a template for creating Adam Who article for my Mixmag product.

Language writing style : Within the article itself they the writer use emotive yet effective language very early on within the article itself to hook the audience while also setting up the article for the audience to live and experience the thrills of the gig and the journey of Laura life through interviewing the people have known her and made who she is today.

http://www.mixmag.net/words/features/the-genius-of-missjones

My Mixmag article readabilityConnotation: In my Mixmag project I decided to do a free flowing in which I was interviewing Adam Who whilst describing Adam Who’s home coming gig. In this particular article I created a back story of the artist Adam Who while trying to meet Mixmag standards in producing an effective free flowing article through descriptive language and techniques.

Langauge : Very early on I wanted to hook my audience so I followed the Mixmag article of Laura Jones so I created suspense and tension to create a journey for the audience to experience and get to learn more about Adam Who? Which was effective.

Punctuation within my article had to be spot on as I was making a professional magazine article therefore it needed to be correct.

Credibility although I had aspects of Adams past within the article ,was it credible ? I’m not sure I did include people and important dates who had known Adam and asked them what experiences Adam had gone through which was effective and a characteristic Mixmag used.

My Mixmag articleCredibility: What credibility means is how accurate the information is being shown to the audience.I gathered quotes from people who know Adam Who? As well as from Adam who himself who can back up the information being given. For how credible the evidence within my article is that I have provide sufficient dates and quotes from what was being said by Adam who?

Representation of gender/race/sexualityWithin my chosen article I have managed to not in anyway cause any division between genders being inferior than others as my Adam Who? has come from hardship as lot of respect for all walks of life.

Preferred reading People may agree and like Adam Who? considering from where he has come from and like his music if they really like the dance music genre.

Negotiated reading- While people may like Adam Who? personality they may not like his music therefore they might like this article due to the music genre.

Oppositional reading may consist of people who don’t like Adam Who? Because of his personality and the style of dance music which isn't for all audiences or all generations or ethnic groups tastes.

Previously mentioned with the article itself Adam got into trouble with the law and changed his life around. I tried to not in any misrepresent the accuracy of people in this condition as I didn't want people to think that it is very easy to get out trouble in gangs so I made a realistic story which required me to understand the long journey people go on.

Connotations:I used bright white font and black background because I wanted it to look sophisticated and attractive to my target audience Mixmag readers.