welcome to eecs grad student visit day 2011
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Welcome to EECS Grad Student Visit Day 2011. David E. Culler & Costas Spanos University of California, Berkeley March 14, 2011. Why do graduate study in EECS @ UC Berkeley? . You are here!. … in Berkeley. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Welcometo EECS Grad Student Visit Day 2011
David E. Culler & Costas SpanosUniversity of California, BerkeleyMarch 14, 2011
Why do graduate study in EECS @ UC Berkeley?
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You are here!
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… in Berkeley“Berkeley – the Athens of the West – is arguably the
world’s best place to live.” New York Times Fabulous restaurants, theatre, parks, scenery, weather Culture: a community of independent thought, nonconformity
“The campus of the University of California at Berkeley in springtime is about as close to Shangri-La as most mortals are likely to get.” New York Times
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@ University of California, BerkeleyTimes Higher Education Supplement Worldwide University RankingAcademic Reputation1. Berkeley2. Harvard
National Research Council Survey of Graduate Programs1. Berkeley: 97% depts top 10 2. MIT/Harvard: 87%
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…at the dawn of a new AgeGraduation
WindowYou are here!
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… of integration across vast scale
years
ComputersPer Person
103:1
1:106
Laptop
PDA
Mainframe
Mini
WorkstationPC
Cell
1:1
1:103
Mote!
Bell’s Law: new computer class per 10 years7
… in a changing World
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1969
2.0 B 1/26/11
1974
RFC
675
TC
P/IP
WWWA
RPA
Net Internet
HTT
P 0.
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1990 2010
Why do graduate study in EECS @ UC Berkeley?
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Why? - Facilities
Soda Hall
Cory Hall
Sutardja-Dai Hall 10
Microlab – 45 years of commitment to the future
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Marvell Nanolab and Sutardja-Dai CITRIS Headquarters inaugurated 2/27/2009
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The best Academic Cleanroom in the World
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Why? - Academic Reputation
Times Higher Education SupplementWorldwide University Rankings, 2004-2008
Engineering and Information Technology1. Berkeley2. MIT3. Stanford
Overall Academic Reputation1. Berkeley2. Harvard
National Research Council*Overall Academic Quality1. Berkeley (35/36 departments in top 10)2. Stanford (31/36)3. Harvard (26/36)
National Science FoundationFellows Chosen Institution 20091. Berkeley (103 Fellows)2. Stanford (58 Fellows)
US News & World ReportUS Graduate School Rankings, 2010
Computer Science Programs1. Berkeley/MIT/Stanford (3-way tie)
Computer Engineering Programs1. Berkeley/MIT/Stanford (3-way tie)
EE/Electronics Programs1. Berkeley/MIT/Stanford (3-way tie)
* recent numerical rankings are “work in progress” 14
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Why? – Distinguished Faculty… National Medal of Science (2) ACM A.M.Turing Award (3) MacArthur Prize (3) National Academy of Sciences (10) National Academy of Engineering (38) IEEE Medal of Honor (3) SIAM von Neumann Lecture Prize (2) American Society for Engineering Education
Awards (8) C&C Promotion Prize (2) Silicon Valley Engineering Hall of Fame (2) Benjamin Franklin Medal (3) Harvey Prize (1) Honda Prize (1) Kyoto Prize (1) Okawa Prize (2) National Science Foundation Awards (52) American Academy of Arts & Sciences Fellows (15) UC Berkeley Distinguished Teaching Award (12) Sloan Foundation Fellowships (11) ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award (12) Endowed Chairs (21) Many other ACM, IEEE, SIAM and other awards
The Faculty Teach, Advise and Lead Research:
• ~120 Lecture hours per Year• ~20 undergraduate advisees• ~6 graduate students• ~$600K in funded research• ~2 departmental committees• ~1 college or campus
committee
Nearly every faculty contributes to a World Class research activity.
Why? – New Faculty
Dr. Sylvia Ratnasamy 7/2011
• Area: Networked Systems co-inventor of Distributed Hash Tables Scalable software routers Theoretical formulation of “protocol simplicity” Energy efficiency in networked systems Internet architecture and protocols
Degrees: B.E. from University of Pune, 1997 Ph.D. Berkeley, 2002 (Shenker and Stoica)
Topic: “A Scalable Content-Addressable Network”
Positions: Research Staff, ICSI Center for Internet Research
(1999-2002) Senior Researcher, Intel Research Berkeley
(2002-present)
Dr. Ana Arias 1/2011 Area: Physical Electronics - Printed Organic
Electronics Processed electronic materials for flexible sensors Fully printed blast dosimeter Correlation of deposition conditions and
morphology on device performance Solving the “coffee ring effect
Degrees: B.S. and M.S. in physics, Federal University of
Paraná, Brazil (1995, 1997). Certificate in Physics Teaching (1995)
Ph.D. in physics, University of Cambridge, 2001 (Richard H. Friend) Topic: “Conjugated Polymer Blends Phase
Separation and Three-Dimensional Thin-Film Structure for Photovoltaics”
Positions: Group Leader/Engineer, Plastic Logic Limited
(2001-2003) Printed Electronic Devices Area Manager, Palo Alto
Research Center (2003-present) 16
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Why? Strong Interactions With Industry
Culture of Use-Inspired Fundamental Research
Proximity to Silicon Valley Strong industrial funding for research Internships Many startups
Create Industries, not just companies
NRC CSTB 2004 – Tracks to B$ Market
What do our competitors say?
2010 External Review Committee Report “If Berkeley is arguably the crown jewel of
America’s research-intensive universities, then EECS is arguably the crown jewel of Berkeley.”
“It is unsurpassed as a training ground both for the next generation of scholars and for the next generation of practitioners.”
“The research programs in Berkeley EECS are arguably the best in the world. Over many decades, Berkeley EECS has consistently opened up new areas of research for others.”
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Why do graduate study in EECS @ UC Berkeley?
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Because Berkeley EECS grad students change the world
SPICE – Simulation Program with Integrated Circuits Emphasis
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70 80 90 00 10 20
A. Richard Newton
EE 223 (F'69), EE 225A (W'70), EE 225B (S'70)
Nagel, L. W, and Pederson, D. O., SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis), Memorandum No. ERL-M382, University of California, Berkeley, Apr. 1973
RISC – Reduced Instruction Set Computers
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70 80 90 00 10 20
M. Katevenis, R. Sherburne, D. Patterson and C. Sequin: ``The RISC II Micro-Architecture'', Proceedings of VLSI '83, Trondheim, Norway, Aug. 1983
Manolis Katevenis
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Research as “Time Travel” - the secret formula Imagine a technologically plausible future Create an approximation of that vision
using technology that exists. Discover what is True in that world
Empirical experience Bashing your head, stubbing your toe, reaching
epiphany Quantitative measurement and analysis Analytics and Foundations
Courage to ‘break trail’ and discipline to do the hard science
NOW – Scalable High Performance Clusters
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10th ANNIVERSARY REUNIONSNetwork of Workstations (NOW): 1993-98
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NOW Team 2008: L-R, front row: Prof. Tom Anderson†‡ (Washington), Prof. Rich Martin‡ (Rutgers), Prof. David Culler*†‡ (Berkeley), Prof. David Patterson*† (Berkeley). Middle row: Eric Anderson (HP Labs), Prof. Mike Dahlin†‡ (Texas), Prof. Armando Fox‡ (Berkeley), Drew Roselli (Microsoft), Prof. Andrea Arpaci-Dusseau‡ (Wisconsin), Lok Liu, Joe Hsu. Last row: Prof. Matt Welsh‡ (Harvard/Google), Eric Fraser, Chad Yoshikawa, Prof. Eric Brewer*†‡ (Berkeley), Prof. Jeanna Neefe Matthews (Clarkson), Prof. Amin Vahdat‡ (UCSD), Prof. Remzi Arpaci-Dusseau (Wisconsin), Prof. Steve Lumetta (Illinois).
*3 NAE members †4 ACM fellows ‡ 9 NSF CAREER Awards
Inktomi – Fast Massive Web SearchFiat Lux - High Dynamic Range Imaging
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70 80 90 00 10 20
Paul Gauthier
Paul Debevec
Fiat Lux
Research in Courses First-year courses such as CS262AB
(systems), CS281AB (learning), EE227AB (convex optimization) include research projects Learn to do research in a stress-free way Multiple courses => interdisciplinary research! Term projects (almost) conference pub
20-30 “special topics” courses every year focus on cutting edge research areas RISC, RAID, NOW, SPICE all started in advanced
graduate courses Launch successful projects, 1st or 2nd area of
expertise 27
Computational Lens on the Sciences
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70 80 90 00 10 20
Costis Daskalakis
Constantinos Daskalakis, Paul W. Goldberg and Christos H. Papadimitriou, The Complexity of Computing a Nash Equilibrium, In the 38th ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, STOC 2006
Berkeley EECS Research Style
Work together on really important problems No matter how hard
Have ideas with impact
Produce great students
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Research Styles: Collaboration
Advisor and student working together Most meet at least weekly
Advisor and several students working together
Several faculty and many students Sensor Networks, ParLab, Nanolab, BWRC,
BSAC Groups of students with faculty guidance
E.g., Probabilistically Checkable Proofs - PCP
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A Day at Berkeley
Professors Spanos and Poolla and their typical research group meeting.
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Research Retreats Project Reviews with Outsides
Twice a year: 3-day retreat at nice place
Faculty, students, staff, industry Industry visitors supply feedback Faculty members listen to it! High-intensity informal exchanges Builds team spirit
Experience shows that research retreats are the key ingredient in the success of large-scale (10-25 person) projects
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EECS
Harnessing physical processes to perform logically defined functions Everything from band-gap phenomena to
Google and Avatar Dense interconnect between EE and CS,
and increasingly between EECS and statistics
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Research
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Some of Our Contributions:
Berkeley UnixThe first free Unix, virtual memory, foundation of Linux
Computational complexityNP-completeness
CryptographyFoundations of cryptographic protocols
Approximation hardnessPCP (Probabilistically Checkable Proofs)
DevicesFINFET transistor, organic semiconductors, etc.
Electrical ground fault interruptorsInvented at Berkeley in the 1950s
Electronic design automation (EDA)Berkeley built this industry
Embedded systemsConcurrency, real-time computing, formal foundations
Floating pointIEEE 754 floating point standard
Graph algorithmsNetwork Flow, Planar separators and embeddings
Hybrid systemsMixed discrete/continuous systems
Nanoscale electronicsPhotolithography, transistors, transistor models, etc.
NetworkingTCP/IP, foundation of the Internet, in Berkeley UNIX
Mixed-signal circuitsKey contributions that make CMOS dominant
• MEMS systemsmicroelectromechanical systems
• Model-based designConcurrent models of computation, formal foundations
• Modern probabilistic AIReunified AI, learning, vision, control theory, stats
• Open source movementBerkeley software is truly free (vs. MIT’s GPL)
• Quantum computingFoundations of Quantum Complexity Theory
• Parallel computingNetwork of Workstations
• RAID storage systemsDominant design for large storage systems
• Randomized algorithmsRandomness as a computational resource
• Relational databasesAn EE/CS collaboration (Stonebraker & Wong)
• RISC processorsReduced instruction set computers
• Sensor NetworksBerkeley created this field
• Soft computingFuzzy logic
• Systems theoryFoundations of control, communications, signal proc.
• SpiceWorldwide standard in circuit simulation
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Our General Approach to the PhD
We want you to acquire great minds Deep, broad, skilled in the art of creation Much further beyond your current self than you are
beyond your high-school self It’s important to learn new ways of thinking
Multidisciplinary research projects Courses in related areas of EE and/or CS Courses in related disciplines: statistics, mathematics
(geometry, logic, …), molecular biology, materials science, quantum physics, …
We want you to have a good time doing it (Ask the current students about this part.)
Our approach seems to be working
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Berkeley PhDs in top-15 EE deptsCal TechBridges, William Doyle, JohnLow, StevenMurray, Richard M.Perona, PietroRutledge, David Tai, Yu-ChongYariv, Amnon
USCBreuer, MelvinDimakis, AlexFeinberg, JackHwang, KaiKim, Eun SokPedram, Massoud
UCLAAbidi, AsadCabric, DanijelaChiou, Pei YuDolecek, Lara Jacobsen, Stephen E.Judy, JackMarkovic, Dejan Srivastava, ManiWang, Paul K.C
University of MichiganKu, Pei-Cheng Lafortune, StéphaneMaharbiz, MichelNguyen, XuanLongPradhan, SandeepTilbury, DawnZhang, Zhengya
BerkeleyAnantharam, VenkatBahai, Ahmad Budinger, ThomasChang-Hasnain, ConnieHu, ChenmingLee, EdwardMorgan, Nelson Newton, RichardNguyen, Clark Niknejad, AliPister, KristoferPolak, Lucien* Sastry, Shankar Shank, CharlesTomlin, ClaireVan Duzer, Theodore* Varaiya, Pravin* Walrand, JeanWelch, William J.* Whinnery, John*Wu, Ming
StanfordBambos, NickBoyd, Stephen P.De Micheli, GiovanniDutton, Robert W.Goldsmith, AndreaHowe, RogerKahn, JosephMcKeown, NickMeng, TheresaMurmann, BorisPoon, Ada Wong, S. SimonWooley, Bruce
UIUCAdesida, IlesanmiCangellaris, AndreasChiu, YunDeTemple, ThomasGross, GeorgeHajek, BruceHajj, IbrahimKwiat, PaulMa, Yi Pai, AnanthaRosenbaum, Elyse Viswanath, Pramod
PurdueHu, JianghaiSands, Timothy
UT AustinArapostathis, AristotleBaldick, Ross Chen, Ray de Veciana, Gustavo Garg, VijayGharpurey, RanjitLee, JackOrshansky, Michael
CornellAvestimehr, SalmanMolnar, AlyoshaWagner, Aaron
MITChandrakasan, AnanthaColeman, Charles P. Daniel, Luca Goyal, Vivek Ippen, ErichLee, Hae-SeungSodini, CharlesWhite, JacobZheng, Lizhong
HarvardWood, Robert
CMUFedder, GaryRohrer, Ronald
University of MarylandAbed, EyadBhattacharyya,ShuvraGligor, VirgilLa, Richard Newcomb, RobertRosfjord, Kristine Tits, AndreZaki, Kawthar
Georgia TechBuck, JohnKornegay, Kevin Madisetti, VijayMay, GaryMilor, Linda
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Berkeley PhDs in Top-16 CS DeptsUniv. of Washington
Borriello, GaetanoEggers, SusanGribble, StevenIvory, MelodyLadner, Richard Lee, JamesRuzzo, Walter
UC BerkeleyAsanovic, KrsteDemmel, James Garcia, DanielHearst, MartiKatz, RandyMcMains,Sara Paxson, Vern Song, Dawn Vazirani, UmeshWagner, David
Stanford UniversityGill, JohnHeer, Jeff Jurafsky, DanKlemmer, Scott Kozyrakis, Christos Levis, PhilMotwani, RajeevNg, AndrewRosenblum, Mendel
Cal TechPerona, PietroUmans, Christopher
UCLAKlinger, AllenMajumdar, RupakPotkonjak, MiodragTamir, Yuval
University of WisconsinArpaci-Dusseau, AndreaArpaci-Dusseau, RemziBach, EricCarey, Michael Chenney, Stephen Dewey, Colin Hill, MarkKlein, SheldonWood, David
University of MichiganChen, PeteMao, MorleySylvester, Dennis Newman, MarkDutta, Prabal
University of IllinoisBorisov, Nikita Erickson, JeffHwu, Wen-meiLumetta, StevenWah, BenYu, Yizho
USCLeonard Adleman
UT AustinArikan, Okan Dahlin, MikeDhillon, InderjitWarnow, TandyZuckerman, David
PrincetonArora, Sanjeev Blei, David M. Funkhouser, Tom
Carnegie MellonCooper, EricEfros, AlexeiFedder, GaryGibson, GarthGoldstein, SethGupta, AnupamHarchol-Balter, MorHeckbert, PaulHong, Jason Miller, GaryRohrer, Ronald Rudich, StevenSeshan, SriniXing, Eric P. Zhang, Hui
MITBalakrishnan, HariDaskalakis, Costis Devadas, SrinivasGoldwasser, ShafiLampson, ButlerLiskov, BarbaraMadden, SamMicali, SilvioRubinfeld, RonittSipser, Michael Solar-Lezama, Armando Sudan, Madhu Teller, Seth
Harvard Grosz, BarbaraMitzenmacher, Mike Seltzer, MargoWelsh, Matt
Yale Angluin, DanaKrishnamurthy, Arvind
CornellBirman, KenShmoys, David
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CS PhDs 1995-2005 in top 10 CS Deptshttp://www.cs.wisc.edu/~estan/alumnistatistics/Alumni10_matrix.html
UCB MIT CMU SU0
5
10
15
20
25
30
With self-hires
Why? Because we care
AttendeesCornell 0CMU 2MIT 1Princeton 0Stanford 0UIUC 1UC Berkeley 34
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The future of EECS Radically new physics at the bottom: nano,
quantum, negative capacitance… Redesign the hardware stack, rethink levels of
separation, retool the design industry New machine architectures: massively parallel,
probably stochastic, possibly quantum; and new ways to program them
Redesign the communication stack top-to-bottom: clean slate
Intelligent human-scale robots Information systems that know everything As-yet-unimagined forms of education,
entertainment Increasing extroversion: engaging with and solving
the problems of society
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EECS program healthier than ever Cory 4th floor Swarms + Post-Silicon
+ Photonics Intel STC on Secure Computing Final round for Simon Institute for
Theoretical Computer Science …
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EECS is more critical than ever
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A different “Graduation Window”
Today
0°C
Feedback
Abrupt climate change
Water Rising seasWater shortagesGlaciers melt
Weather Storms, droughts, fires, heat waves
Ecosystems
Reefs damaged
Species extinction
Food Crop yields fall
3°C2°C1°CGlobal temperature change (relative to pre-industrial era)
4°C 5°C
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The worst thing about being at Berkeley is that you can never really be happy anywhere else - Prof. Shafi Goldwasser, MIT46
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Why do graduate study in EECS @ UC Berkeley?
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But, …
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Berkeley’s financial situation Total campus spending increased in 2008-9 vs 2007-8
Research activity very healthy EBI ($500M over 10 yrs) is the largest grant to any university in
history Berkeley will have 70 faculty searches next year and following State support functions analogously to endowment, bridging gap
between tuition and the operating budget Tuition is rising, as is federal support
UC 20% drop in state support Equivalent to ~5-6% of campus budget In-state undergraduate tuition increased to ~ $11K (vs ~$38K peers) Proportion of out-of-state students will go from 8% to ~20% Actively diversifying income stream with professional masters, etc.
Stanford’s endowment lost 27% 9/08-8/09; 500+ layoffs, faculty hiring freeze
MIT’s endowment lost 21% 7/08-6/09; $125M budget cut, freeze
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Didn’t the faculty have a pay cut?
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% of salary covered by campus
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% of salary covered by campus
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% of salary covered by campus
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The situation for PhD students PhD students don’t pay fees or depend on
state funds Bit more expensive for the faculty member
Campus fellowships for EECS more than doubled in 2010 Further increase in 2011
EECS research dollars up around 15% over 5 years to ~$65M/yr Not including new $25M NSF STC in low-power electronics
Most PhD students are paid 100% (i.e. double stipend) in summer
2005-6 2006-7 2007-8 2008-9 2009-100
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
FederalNot for profitIndustryNon-Fed GovtUniv. of CA
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Campus-wide trends since 2001
40% increase in PhD applicants Increase in offer acceptance from 45% to 55% 124 NSF fellows in 2009 (10% of US total)
110 at MIT, 72 at Stanford Berkeley has more Sloan Fellows than any other
institution, indicating quality of younger faculty $155M for PhD fellowships in current campaign
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The bottom line
All major institutions took a hit; the appropriate response is collaboration - e.g., work on federal science policy
Universities are very robust and long-lived, whether private (Harvard, MIT, Stanford) or public (Berkeley, Oxford, Cambridge)
Make a choice on the scientific merits; the rest will take care of itself
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Some of Our Contributions:
Berkeley UnixThe first free Unix, virtual memory, foundation of Linux
Computational complexityNP-completeness
CryptographyFoundations of cryptographic protocols
Approximation hardnessPCP (Probabilistically Checkable Proofs)
DevicesFINFET transistor, organic semiconductors, etc.
Electrical ground fault interruptorsInvented at Berkeley in the 1950s
Electronic design automation (EDA)Berkeley built this industry
Embedded systemsConcurrency, real-time computing, formal foundations
Floating pointIEEE 754 floating point standard
Graph algorithmsNetwork Flow, Planar separators and embeddings
Hybrid systemsMixed discrete/continuous systems
Nanoscale electronicsPhotolithography, transistors, transistor models, etc.
NetworkingTCP/IP, foundation of the Internet, in Berkeley UNIX
Mixed-signal circuitsKey contributions that make CMOS dominant
• MEMS systemsmicroelectromechanical systems
• Model-based designConcurrent models of computation, formal foundations
• Modern probabilistic AIReunified AI, learning, vision, control theory, stats
• Open source movementBerkeley software is truly free (vs. MIT’s GPL)
• Quantum computingFoundations of Quantum Complexity Theory
• Parallel computingNetwork of Workstations
• RAID storage systemsDominant design for large storage systems
• Randomized algorithmsRandomness as a computational resource
• Relational databasesAn EE/CS collaboration (Stonebraker & Wong)
• RISC processorsReduced instruction set computers
• Sensor NetworksBerkeley created this field
• Soft computingFuzzy logic
• Systems theoryFoundations of control, communications, signal proc.
• SpiceWorldwide standard in circuit simulation
58
Some of Our Contributions:
Berkeley UnixThe first free Unix, virtual memory, foundation of Linux
Computational complexityNP-completeness
CryptographyFoundations of cryptographic protocols
Approximation hardnessPCP (Probabilistically Checkable Proofs)
DevicesFINFET transistor, organic semiconductors, etc.
Electrical ground fault interruptorsInvented at Berkeley in the 1950s
Electronic design automation (EDA)Berkeley built this industry
Embedded systemsConcurrency, real-time computing, formal foundations
Floating pointIEEE 754 floating point standard
Graph algorithmsNetwork Flow, Planar separators and embeddings
Hybrid systemsMixed discrete/continuous systems
Nanoscale electronicsPhotolithography, transistors, transistor models, etc.
NetworkingTCP/IP, foundation of the Internet, in Berkeley UNIX
Mixed-signal circuitsKey contributions that make CMOS dominant
• MEMS systemsmicroelectromechanical systems
• Model-based designConcurrent models of computation, formal foundations
• Modern probabilistic AIReunified AI, learning, vision, control theory, stats
• Open source movementBerkeley software is truly free (vs. MIT’s GPL)
• Quantum computingFoundations of Quantum Complexity Theory
• Parallel computingNetwork of Workstations
• RAID storage systemsDominant design for large storage systems
• Randomized algorithmsRandomness as a computational resource
• Relational databasesAn EE/CS collaboration (Stonebraker & Wong)
• RISC processorsReduced instruction set computers
• Sensor NetworksBerkeley created this field
• Soft computingFuzzy logic
• Systems theoryFoundations of control, communications, signal proc.
• SpiceWorldwide standard in circuit simulation
59
Some of Our Contributions:
Berkeley UnixThe first free Unix, virtual memory, foundation of Linux
Computational complexityNP-completeness
CryptographyFoundations of cryptographic protocols
Approximation hardnessPCP (Probabilistically Checkable Proofs)
DevicesFINFET transistor, organic semiconductors, etc.
Electrical ground fault interruptorsInvented at Berkeley in the 1950s
Electronic design automation (EDA)Berkeley built this industry
Embedded systemsConcurrency, real-time computing, formal foundations
Floating pointIEEE 754 floating point standard
Graph algorithmsNetwork Flow, Planar separators and embeddings
Hybrid systemsMixed discrete/continuous systems
Nanoscale electronicsPhotolithography, transistors, transistor models, etc.
NetworkingTCP/IP, foundation of the Internet, in Berkeley UNIX
Mixed-signal circuitsKey contributions that make CMOS dominant
• MEMS systemsmicroelectromechanical systems
• Model-based designConcurrent models of computation, formal foundations
• Modern probabilistic AIReunified AI, learning, vision, control theory, stats
• Open source movementBerkeley software is truly free (vs. MIT’s GPL)
• Quantum computingFoundations of Quantum Complexity Theory
• Parallel computingNetwork of Workstations
• RAID storage systemsDominant design for large storage systems
• Randomized algorithmsRandomness as a computational resource
• Relational databasesAn EE/CS collaboration (Stonebraker & Wong)
• RISC processorsReduced instruction set computers
• Sensor NetworksBerkeley created this field
• Soft computingFuzzy logic
• Systems theoryFoundations of control, communications, signal proc.
• SpiceWorldwide standard in circuit simulation
60
Some of Our Contributions:
Berkeley UnixThe first free Unix, virtual memory, foundation of Linux
Computational complexityNP-completeness
CryptographyFoundations of cryptographic protocols
Approximation hardnessPCP (Probabilistically Checkable Proofs)
DevicesFINFET transistor, organic semiconductors, etc.
Electrical ground fault interruptorsInvented at Berkeley in the 1950s
Electronic design automation (EDA)Berkeley built this industry
Embedded systemsConcurrency, real-time computing, formal foundations
Floating pointIEEE 754 floating point standard
Graph algorithmsNetwork Flow, Planar separators and embeddings
Hybrid systemsMixed discrete/continuous systems
Nanoscale electronicsPhotolithography, transistors, transistor models, etc.
NetworkingTCP/IP, foundation of the Internet, in Berkeley UNIX
Mixed-signal circuitsKey contributions that make CMOS dominant
• MEMS systemsmicroelectromechanical systems
• Model-based designConcurrent models of computation, formal foundations
• Modern probabilistic AIReunified AI, learning, vision, control theory, stats
• Open source movementBerkeley software is truly free (vs. MIT’s GPL)
• Quantum computingFoundations of Quantum Complexity Theory
• Parallel computingNetwork of Workstations,
• RAID storage systemsDominant design for large storage systems
• Randomized algorithmsRandomness as a computational resource
• Relational databasesAn EE/CS collaboration (Stonebraker & Wong)
• RISC processorsReduced instruction set computers
• Sensor NetworksBerkeley created this field
• Soft computingFuzzy logic
• Systems theoryFoundations of control, communications, signal proc.
• SpiceWorldwide standard in circuit simulation
61