well completion exam 1 study guide.docx

8/18/2019 Well Completion Exam 1 Study Guide.docx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/well-completion-exam-1-study-guidedocx 1/19

Well Completion Exam 1 Study Guide

PETE 489

Well Completion

Exam Date: 3/23/201

!y: "#eit$ Condalo#



C%apte# 1

1 &e'ie( o) Co*t

*Exponential Curve



2 S+%emati+* o) a Complete Well

3 Detail* o) Tu,in- . Well ead

Well Head: is the component at the surface of an oil or gas well that provides the

structural and pressure-containing interface for the drilling and production equipment.

Well Head Purpose:

Christmas ree: !ssem"l# of valves$ spools$ and fittings to control flow and gas out of

the well.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_well

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_well



Well%ead Component*:

Casing Head % !lwa#s connected to surface casing string. &upports wellhead andcompletion equipment.



Casing &pool: &imilar to casing head "ut has a top head used to suspend strings of

casing.

Casing Hangers: !llows the weight or tension load of a casing string to "e transferred to

a casing head or spool. 'We focus mainl# on slip on hangers(



u"ing Head &pools: he top spool of the wellhead$ installed after last casing string. )t is

used to support the tu"ing hanger or pacoff. he Christmas tree is installed on top of

the tu"ing head using a tu"ing head adapter.

u"ing head adaptor: ransitions the wellhead with the Christmas tree. +ottom matches

the tu"ing head$ the top matches the tree.

C%#i*tma* T#ee Component*:

,ate alves: Either full# opened or closed$ not used to control flow or throttling. suall#

placed in casing head$ casing spool$ tu"ing spool$ or in the tree.

- !nnulus ,ate valves installed in lower wing of the wellhead is called annulus valve.

sed to ill the well$ in/ect fluids$

-Christmas tree valve are installed in the upper valve$ used in con/unction with the "op.



Choes: sed to regulate flow of gas and oil$ located in the trees.

ree Caps: 0ound at the ver# top of the tree. sed as a fitting.



4 pen ole Completion

Pe#)o#ated Ca*in- and ine# Completion

1ifferent 2eservoir Conditions:



We want to avoid water coning$ we drill hori3ontal.

Topi+* 8 a#e in note* t%ey u*t dia-#am*

Di))e#ential Se+tion 55



C%apte# 2

4"/ective: !ddress the do and don5ts of drilling fluids and specifications.

opics:

1 De)inition*

&olute: Chemicals that dissolve in a solvent

&olvent: 6edium that can dissolve a solute

&olution: Com"ination of &olute 7 &olvent

6ole: nit of chemicals with nown molecular weight

alence: 8um"er of electrons involved in chemical "ond formation$ or a reference as an

ionic num"er as oxidation num"er$ lie Ca97$ valence ; 6olarit#: 6oles of solute per liter of solution$ 6 ; moles of compound < liters of solution

8ormalit#: Chemical equivalent weight of solute per liter of solution

6olalit#: 8um"er of moles of a chemical compound per g of g of solvent

Weight Percent: 4ne gram of solute in one million grams of total solution

2 C%a#a+te#i*ti+* o) +ompletion )luid

=iquid Phase$ &olid phase'filter cae($ iscosit#$ Ph Control$ 0low Control

> 0unctions: Pressure Control$ 1isplacement of plugs$ ill fluid$ acidi3ing$ pacer fluids$

well "ore cleaning$ &afet#



3 pe#ational 6*pe+t*: ?( Pumping ( 6ixing @( 0luid Compati"ilit# A( Corrosion

Control B( effects of temperature or Weight ( &ome components of 0luid >( Clear

+rines

Pumping: !nnular elocit# ;

6ixing: !nnulus$ tu"ular capacities$ storage$ mixers$ vortex mixers$ prevention of Dfish

e#es$ rate of addition of viscosifiers$ supported economics of mixing

0luid Compati"ilit#: ,as control$ well tu"ular$ wor string cleanliness$ picing radioactive

shale clean out$ selection of proper and compati"le regarding friction and pressure

depth

Corrosion control: Ha#atavoudi method of corrosion control

0our Cla#s: FC=-8!C=-8a+r to reduce swelling

Cla# ?- &mectite- &welling

Cla# - )llite % !ctivated "# PH

Cla# @- Chlorite % )ron in them

Cla# A % Faolinite % moves

Do not allo( 7e3 o# t%en you -et mud in t%e )o#mation +#eate* *lud-e

4 Component* o) 7luid: 1on5t use 0reshwater$ #ou must mae the free water

compati"le with rocs and pore material '*e nonioni+

iscosifier: Gantham ,um$ no guar gum unless found clean and non plugging

iscosit# +reaers: En3#mes$ acids$ acidi3ers. 'acetic acid( * 1o not cause precipitation

of insolu"le

; !#id-in- mate#ial* . !#ine ; &alt 'granular( Calcium Car"onate

Weight: !cid &olu"les 0eCo@ &iderite



+ridge &i3e 1istri"ution

!cid &olu"le Weighing 6aterial



2oc 0luid esting * B &teps

- hin &ection : Pore geometr#$ pore si3e distri"ution$ grain si3e distri"ution$estimation of porosit#$ grain shape sorting classification '&phericit#$ &orting

coefficient$ etc($ 1#e reaction with minerals 'car"onates- red color e.g.(- se: 'Pre G21 'xra# diffraction( !nal#sis$ Pore ,rain count$ cementing of

grains$ gravel pac or not$ pore throat si3e$ pore t#pe 'vugs$ secondar#$

primar#$ fissures$ molds(- hen use &E6 '&canning electron miscroscop#($ Pore lining$ Pore throat

lining$ !uthentic minerals or not$ throat "ridging or noI$-J &cale precipitate

anal#sis of a given location$ map distru"tion of elements within a cluster of

minerals$ genesis of reactions$ precipitates at a given location- se edx 'energ# dispersive xra#( to find element quantitative anal#sis in

terms of "ul or individual components$ 'cla# fraction and specification ofeach t#pe($ se ha#atavoudi h#dration index$

- G20 'Gra# fluorescence($ used to find oxides and writing the chemical

material "alance< reaction equations

0luid: &ead SPE 23



6ass +alance heor#: 6ixing of two or more fluids$ use mass "alance

Ex:



se h#drometer to measure specific gravit#. hen &pecific gravit# * K.@AB; densit# of

fluid. 'K.@AB is the densit# of ho(



&aced &alts: Weight or weigh down$ add monovalents$ FC= 8acl$ etc

!dd divalents$ c"r$ ccl$ 3n"r$

6ust correct for impure weight



iscosit# of "rines without gelling agents 'viscosifiers(:

iscosit# changes with densit# of fluid and temperature

6arch funnel used and referred as )&

0luid &election:

well completion exam 1 study guide.docx

Documents