wellness and psychological health d.olin norco college 2011
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HEALTH SCIENCEWellness and Psychological Health
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Our Perception Of Wellness
It Has Changed Over The Last Century….
Let’s Look at Some Statistics...
D.Olin Norco College 2011
100 years ago: 1911
1. Antiseptic surgery was only 44 years old (1867)
2. Pharmaceutical & medical developmentNo pasteurized milk 1915Very few public health programs
1920'sNo insulin 1920No sulfa drugs (antibiotics)
1930No penicillin (- antibiotic)
1940'sNo Polio Vaccine
1950'sNo open heart surgery
1950's
D.Olin Norco College 2011
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Today….
1) Infectious diseases; most are eradicated…
the bacterial, fungal, & parasitica) bubonic plaqueb) polio (viral)c) tetanusd) measles & mumps (viral)
D.Olin Norco College 2011
1885 Death rate per 1000 = 25/yr
2000 Death rate per 1000 = 5/yr
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Death rate per 1000 per year has dropped from 20 to 5 in 100 years.
• due to medical advance 35%
• due to public health consciousness 50%
• due to personal health consciousness 10-15%
D.Olin Norco College 2011
As ..Wellness…….Back Then… used to mean……..
Freedom from Disease
it NOW….Reflects a Broader Meaning..
D.Olin Norco College 2011
WELLNESS
Health - used to be the absence of disease
Today – defined as the presence of vitality
& overall well being.
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Longevity: average life span average longevity has increased dramatically
• due to drop in infant mortality• due to drop in communicable disease
personal longevity still range roughly 60-80 yrs
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Optimal health [WELLNESS]
………A state of complete physical, mental,
& social well being
environmentalsocietal interpersonal spiritual intellectual emotionalphysical
D.Olin Norco College 2011
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Health - state of being associated with freedom from disease and illness.
Wellness - the positive component of health; sense of well-being; a product; multidimensional
How long can you expect to live? Life expectancy in the United States:
If you lived in the year 1800, you could only expect to live 35 years.
If you lived in the year 1900, you could expect to live 47 years.
you were born in the year 2000, you can expect to live 76.7 years. Imagine living 80 years:
○ Will you have a 25 year old body for 55 years?○ Will you have a 40 year old body for 40 years?○ Will you have a elderly body for 30 years?○ If you live 76.6 years, you can expect 12.5 years to be
impaired.What does this mean?
Why do you think your life expectancy is greater than it was in the years 1800 or 1900?
Why are there differences between women and men? Read about them !
D.Olin Norco College 2011
D.Olin Norco College 2011
D.Olin Norco College 2011
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Healthy People 2010 National Health Goals
Increase the span of "healthy" life Eliminate health disparities Increase access to information and services
for all people
Web 01-1
What are the leading causes of death in America?
Here are the major causes:Heart diseaseCancerStrokeLung diseaseUnintentional death.Pneumonia/infuenzaDiabetesLiver/kidney diseaseSuicide
Look at your text, and learn what the percentages these represent.
Try to answer this question: How many of these are directly impacted by the choices that people make?
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Now that you have thought about how long you can expect to live, you should think about the current death rates in America.
Again, comparisons between years offers a glimpse of some possible reasons:In 1885, 25 out of every 1000 per year died.In 2000? Only 5 out of every 1000 per year.
Historically?Infectious disease (like the flu – influenza) was the
major killer of people.Currently?
Chronic disease is the major killer.○ Most chronic disease is caused by choice or habit.○ THIS is why a course like this is important.
By vaccinating and treating infectious disease, it isn’t a major threat anymore.○ This is generally true in most parts of the world.D.Olin Norco College 2011
How can you be healthier?
First of all, learn the basics about yourself. This course will give you the basic knowledge that you
need.
Apply this knowledge in your life. If you know that how you live your life is unhealthy, should
you change it? If you should change it, CAN you change it?
The concept of “wellness” has evolved over the last couple of decades. Wellness is an expanded idea of health. The ability to live life
fully, and with meaning. Think of wellness as a new “awareness” of your choices.
Living a healthy lifestyle includes many types of concerns: Physical, emotional, emotional, spiritual, interpersonal, social,
environmental.D.Olin Norco College 2011
Some Factors We May or May Not Be Able to Change But….. Contributing factors to health:
GenderEthnicityDisabilityGeographic locationIncome/education levels
Key factors:
Negative Positive
tobacco exercisefatty diets wellnessalcohol awarenessenvironment
You now have an idea about the course, and about the concept of “wellness.”
We will now turn our attention to the concept of psychological health.
Are you normal? Are you healthy?
D.Olin Norco College 2011
PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH
• Define Psychological Health• Components of Healthy Psychological Life• The Brain’s Role: Some Neurophysiology• A Few Psychological Disorders
• How To Maintain Your Psychological Health
D.Olin Norco College 2011
FACT:
¾ of all MENTAL DISORDERS
BEGIN BEFORE AGE 24!
Yet it usually takes decades for people to seek professional help!
D.Olin Norco College 2011
What does it Mean
for one to be….
Mentally Healthy?
That is… to have
Psychological Wellness? D.Olin Norco College 2011
:Psychologically Healthy People:
Form Strong and Deep Relationships
Adapt to a Variety of Circumstances
Strive to Achieve Their Full Potential
Have Compassion for Others
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Some Well Known Self-Actualizers
Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson, Albert Einstein, Eleanor Roosevelt, Jane Adams
What Do These People Have In Common?
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Some Traits of Self-Actualizers1. Reality-Centered
2. Problem-centered
3. Deeper personal relations
4. Autonomous5. Non-Conformists
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Eric Erickson’s Chart of Wellness
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Erickson’s 8 Conflicts Trust Vs. Mistrust (Infancy) Autonomy Vs. Shame (Early Child) Initiative VS. Guilt (Play age) Industry Vs. Inferiority (School Age) Identity Vs. Confusion (Adolescence) Intimacy Vs. Isolation (Young Adult) Generativity Vs. Stagnation (Self-
absorption (Middle Age) Integrity Vs. Despair (Elderly)
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Erick Erickson on Psychological Development Dr. Erikson was a Neo-Freudian. He has
been described as an "ego psychologist" studying the stages of development, spanning the entire lifespan. Each of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development are marked by a conflict, for which successful resolution will result in a favorable outcome, for example, trust vs. mistrust, and by an important event that this conflict resolves itself around, for example, the meaning of one's life.
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Psychology is in the Gray Matter! Many Psychological Disorders ,
Regardless of their Genetics, Result in Biochemical Deficits in Brain Chemistry
Therefore, to really understand a Psychological disorder and its treatment, one must understand the BRAIN!
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Let’s Look at Your Brain:
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Regions of the Brain
Slide 7.27Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
· Cerebral hemispheres
· Diencephalon
· Brain stem
· CerebellumFigure 7.12
D.Olin Norco College 2011
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Cellular Composition of Brain
The human brains is made up of hundreds of billions working cells called the nerve cells or NEURONS and Support cells called GLIA which outnumber the neurons 200 to 1!.
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Let’ Look A Little Closer At Neurons And Impulses!
Impulses Travel in One Direction , From Dendrite to soma to axon to axon terminal.
At the axon terminal a neurotransmitter (NT) is released into the synapse
The NT is “received” 0r bound by adjacent neuron at receptors
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Neurons: They Never Really Touch!
Communication in the Brain
The Synapse
Neurons Communicate by means of electrical impulses.
Neurotransmitters bind to post-synaptic neuron to stimulate impulse.
Neurotransmitters are then reused by presynaptic neuron or there is REUPTAKE
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Neurons Communicate Via Chemicals Called Neurotransmitters
Presynaptic To Postsynaptic Membrane Communication
Neurotransmitters are chemicals released into the synaptic cleft at the synapse (region of contact)
Stored in vesicles, NTs, when released, activate receptors at postsynaptic membrane.
Acetylcholine, serotonin, GABA, Dopamine (examples of NTs)
Nerve Impulse..conduction!
Mental Disorders
What is a MENTAL DISORDER?
What is NORMAL?
WHAT IS NOT NORMAL?
D.Olin Norco College 2011
MENTAL DISORDER: Defined A Clinically Significant Behavioral or
Psychological Syndrome or Pattern that occurs in an Individual that is……either
Associated with Distress or
Disability (Loss of Function) or with Significantly Increased Risk of Pain, Suffering even Death or an important Loss of Freedom.
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Types of Mental Disorders
1) Personality Disorders
2) Anxiety Disorders
3) Mood Disorders
4) Other Disorders
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Personality Disorders
Inflexible pattern of inner experience and outward behavior which deviates markedly from one’s culture.
Paranoid, Schizoid, Antisocial, Borderline, Narcissistic, Histrionic, Avoidant, Dependent
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Antisocial Personality
Shows a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of other people’s rights.
Up to 3.5% manifest an antisocial personality disorder (APA, 1994)
Symptoms: Repeatedly deceitful, irresponsible with money, impulsive, tendency to start fights, egocentric, no regard for safety of self or others.
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Obsession – Persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses, or images that invade consciousness
Compulsion – Repetitive and rigid behaviors or mental acts that a person feels compelled to perform to reduce distress
2% of the U.S. population suffer from OCD (APA, 1994).
D.Olin Norco College 2011
What Do We Mean By a “Mood” Disorder?
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Mood Disorders Intense emotional disturbance.
May affect normal functioning.
1. DepressionCan range from simple sadness to suicide.55% of people seek treatment (dopamine)Read up on the “warning signs” of suicide.
2. ManiaRestless, little sleep, overwork, spend money.
3. Bi-PolarSevere mood swings between manic and
depressive.
Bipolar Disorder (Manic-Depression) MOOD SWINGS: Oscillating from
Euphoria to Total Despair, From Happy to Miserable!
CHANGES IN BEHAVIOR, THINKING and PHYSICAL CONDITION – depending on mania or depression.
1% of Population has this disorder! Medication must be taken to control this
condition!
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Bipolar And the Creative: A Link?
Many people involved with and arts, such as Vincent van Gogh, are believed to have suffered from bipolar disorder.
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Schizophrenia A psychological mental illness.
Characterized by a “twisted” view of reality.Abnormal ways of thinking/feeling/behaving.
Delusions Auditory hallucinations.
STRONG GENETIC LINK; Disease is present at birth but manifests around age 21 to 24.
Treated, NOT CURED….with MEDs
Anxiety Disorders
Involve Inordinate fears of certain fears or situations
(Phobias and Panic Attacks) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) –
persistant disturbing thoughts and behaviors
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Pharmacological therapy for depression.
Imagine the realization that mood is chemically based.
For example The Link between Low Levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin and some of the major types of depression has led to the development of the ANTIDEPRESSANT
This has lessened the “stigma” attached to therapy.
Basic biochemistry is known!
Treatment options: 1. Antidepressants
Effective in treating panic disorder and anxiety.
Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft
2. Mood stabilizersPrevents mood swings that occur in bipolar
and schizophrenia patients.Lithium carbonate, Dapakote
Treatment options: 3. Anti-psychotics
Reduce hallucinations with a calming effectHaldol, Prolixin
4. Anxiolytics and hypnoticsCommonly used as sleeping aids.Valium, Librium, Xanax
5. StimulantsRitalin, Dexadrine
Get Your ZZZZZZsss…….
Sleep
is essential for
a person’s health and wellbeing
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Besides conserving energy, sleep also invokes survival benefits for humans”
D.Olin Norco College 2011
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Theories Why We Sleep InactivityTheory: suggests that inactivity at
night is an adaptation that served a survival function by keeping organisms out of harm’s way at times when they would be particularly vulnerable.
Energy Conservation: suggests that the primary function of sleep is to reduce an individual’s energy demand and expenditure during part of the day or night, especially at times when it is least efficient to search for food.
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Sleep Theory (cont.) Restorative: Sleep provides an opportunity
for the body to repair and rejuvenate itself.
Restorative Repair Includes:
Muscle growth, tissue Repair, protein synthesis, growth hormone release
**** Let’s not forget the rejuvenating effect sleep has on cognitive. Why?? You ask..
Sleep clears the build-up of ADENOSINE
As does Caffeine….your Java Jolt!
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Sleep Stages There are two main stages of sleep called: REM(Rapid
Eye Movement) and NONREM (Non Rapid Eye Movement)E
Non-REM SLEEP has 4 sub stages:
Stage 1- Twilight. small, irregular, rapid electrical waves.
Stage 2- Larger, punctuated bursts of electrical activity. Body slowly functions
Stage 3- Large waves, known as delta waves or Slow wave sleep.
Stage 4=Large delta waves. Slow wave sleep REM SLEEP: Enter this sleep after about an hour of
Non-rem. Torso is paralyzed. Fingers and toes can twitch. (So We Call REM Stage 5 Sleep)
D.Olin Norco College 2011
Does the Type of Sleep We Receive Change with Age?
D.Olin Norco College 2011
KNOWN SLEEP DISORDERS Sleep Apnea – A temporary suspension of breathing during sleep.
Signs of sleep apnea include snoring, daytime sleepiness and pauses in breathing. (Read about causes and symptoms)
Parasomnias – Undesirable physical events or experiences that occur during entry into sleep, within sleep or during arousal from sleep. Some examples of parasomnias include sleepwalking, sleep terrors, REM sleep behavioral disorder, recurrent isolated sleep paralyses, nightmare disorder, restless legs syndrome, bed wetting and sleep related eating disorder.
Narcolepsy – Extreme sleepiness that occurs during the day, making it difficult for a person to stay awake for normal daytime functions.
Insomnia – The persistent difficulty of falling or staying asleep which may be caused by underlying psychological factors including depression and anxiety.
D.Olin Norco College 2011
More About Sleep
You Can’t Save or Store It!
But You Can Accumulate A Debt..Called “SLEEP DEPT” And must Pay it
Alcohol does NOT facilitate a good night sleep but rather disrupts its.
D.Olin Norco College 2011
We are finished for this week! Next week…Stress
D.Olin Norco College 2011