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Report 19: August 2016

Western Australian Auditor General’s Report

Information and Communication

Technology (ICT) in Education

Office of the Auditor General Western Australia 7th Floor Albert Facey House 469 Wellington Street, Perth Mail to: Perth BC, PO Box 8489 PERTH WA 6849 T: 08 6557 7500 F: 08 6557 7600 E: [email protected] W: www.audit.wa.gov.au National Relay Service TTY: 13 36 77 (to assist people with hearing and voice impairment) We can deliver this report in an alternative format. © 2016 Office of the Auditor General Western Australia. All rights reserved. This material may be reproduced in whole or in part provided the source is acknowledged.

WESTERN AUSTRALIAN AUDITOR GENERAL’S REPORT

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Education

Report 19 August 2016

THE PRESIDENT THE SPEAKER

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN EDUCATION

This report has been prepared for submission to Parliament under the provisions of section 25 of the Auditor General Act 2006.

Performance audits are an integral part of the overall audit program. They seek to provide Parliament with assessments of the effectiveness and efficiency of public sector programs and activities, and identify opportunities for improved performance.

This audit provides an assessment of how the Department of Education plans, manages, advises and supports public schools in the use of ICT.

I wish to acknowledge the staff of the Department of Education and the schools we visited during the audit. I also thank the various stakeholders, including the 454 respondents to our survey, for taking the time to help inform this report.

COLIN MURPHY AUDITOR GENERAL 17 August 2016

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Education | 3

Contents

Auditor General’s overview ......................................................................................... 4

Executive summary .................................................................................................... 5

Introduction .................................................................................................................. 5

Background .................................................................................................................. 5

Audit conclusion ........................................................................................................... 6

Key findings.................................................................................................................. 6

Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 8

Response from the Department of Education ............................................................... 9

Audit focus and scope .............................................................................................. 10

Audit findings ............................................................................................................ 11

DoE has a vision for ICT in schools but achievement is unclear ..................................11

The ICT Vision is not supported by implementation strategies or plans ..................11

The SOE is a critical component of the vision .........................................................11

Benefits of the SOE are significant but rollout has been slow .................................12

All schools need to plan and manage their own ICT ....................................................14

DoE provides schools with good support when the needs relate to the SOE ..........15

Schools with only limited ICT expertise are making significant ICT decisions .........16

Technical support is important to the success of ICT in schools but the level of support varies .........................................................................................................18

Internet speed, bandwidth and aging devices impact the use of ICT in schools ...........18

Schools need access to fast and reliable internet ...................................................19

The average age of school owned devices in secondary schools is increasing and causing difficulties...................................................................................................21

Appendix 1 ................................................................................................................ 25

Schools visited during the audit ...................................................................................25

Appendix 2 ................................................................................................................ 26

Student to device ratio by school .................................................................................26

4 | Western Australian Auditor General

Auditor General’s overview

A public education program that stimulates and inspires learning is important to student success and to ensuring a successful society. There is a widely held view amongst schools that student access to and use of information and communication technology (ICT) in the classroom is critical to achieving those outcomes. However, obtaining sufficient and equitable opportunities for students across a large and diverse public education system is easier said than done.

People have different opinions on the benefits to students of using ICT at school. My report does not offer a view in support of any opinion. Rather, it looks at how the Department of Education plans, manages, advises and supports public schools in their use of ICT.

For a number of years the Department of Education has been moving away from its traditional model of directing schools, to one of facilitating decision-making by schools themselves.

Consistent with that, schools now largely decide if, and how, they will use ICT. We found this decision to be as unique as each school. Some schools have decided to limit student use of ICT, whereas others have programs that see students bringing their own personal device to school for use in the classroom.

Devices are only one part of an effective ICT system but they are how most students interact and engage with ICT at school. More devices does not guarantee better outcomes. What is important is that they provide students with the right learning experience. Aging devices can negatively impact that experience. My report shows aging devices to be an emerging issue that needs addressing both by the Department and by schools.

It is clear that some schools are struggling to understand and keep up with changes in ICT. This presents an opportunity for the Department to rethink how it engages with those schools and how it can do more to help them.


Executive summary

Introduction

The use of information and communication technology (ICT) in public education is steadily increasing, with greater focus in the national curriculum and the introduction of online testing of students. This audit assessed if the Department of Education (DoE) knows what ICT public schools need to support students and if public schools can access these appropriately.

To support our work, we visited 12 schools and conducted a survey of all Western Australian (WA) public schools to understand how they use ICT. We received 454 responses, representing 333 schools.

Background

ICT is a key part of everyday life. Today’s school students are growing up in a technology rich world that is increasingly reflected in their learning environments. Schools use ICT in many different ways in the classroom, from the use of smartboards to deliver lessons, students researching and completing assessments online and delivery of specialised technical subjects.

DoE is responsible for over 290,000 students in around 800 public schools across WA. DoE has invested considerable effort to improve the way students access and engage with ICT in the public school system.

The increasing importance of ICT in education has coincided with a policy shift that has given schools greater independence from DoE. Two system wide changes were critical to this policy shift.

The first in 2009, saw the Independent Public Schools (IPS) initiative provide greater autonomy to schools granted IPS status. An IPS has higher levels of autonomy and accountability than a non-IPS. This includes authority to recruit and appoint staff, to determine curriculum to suit student needs, award contracts and dispose of assets with values up to $150,000. Currently, more than 70% of teachers and students are in an IPS.

The second change in 2014, was the introduction of student-centred funding and one-line budgets. The new model allocates money to schools based on the learning needs of students and the schools characteristics. Schools are now directly responsible for around 75% of DoE’s annual budget, compared to around 10% under the old system.

In 2014, DoE developed an Information and Communication Technology in the Western Australian Public School System: Vision Statement and Priorities 2014 - 2016 (ICT Vision). The ICT Vision is to improve student-learning outcomes, and streamline the management processes, including to:

deliver an enhanced learning environment for students

transform access, collaboration and sharing of knowledge amongst teachers and schools

enable active partnership of parents in their child’s learning and progress.

A fundamental part of DoE’s support for ICT in schools is provision of enabling ICT infrastructure through a standard operating environment (SOE). The SOE provides critical services to schools such as internet, network access, operating systems, security and school administration software. Schools are responsible for how they leverage off the SOE and implement ICT in the classroom.


Up until 2002, all schools operated their own ICT networks. This structure, known as EDNET, had one section for administration and one for student use. Schools were responsible for all ICT infrastructure. DoE provided support for administrative ICT services but gave no support to schools for non-administration services.

In 2003, DoE started work on an SOE with an aim to:

simplify design and the amount of infrastructure needed

improve value for money

provide schools with more choices for technology

provide consistent user experiences across schools. This is important given the extensive movement of teachers and students between schools.

An important process that DoE uses to understand school ICT environments is a mandatory annual Computer Census. The census collects data from schools on all devices in use by students and administration staff, including desktop computers, laptops and tablets. The Computer Census does not capture devices owned by students (BYOD). DoE uses the data to establish and manage central ICT infrastructure and service agreements. Census data also shows the number of devices available for teaching and learning in schools.

Audit conclusion

DoE has a vision for ICT in the public school system and knows what ICT schools need to run their administration and to provide services to teachers and students.

However, a lack of implementation plans and strategies to communicate how it intends to achieve its vision means schools do not always have a clear understanding of what DoE is doing. It also means that DoE is unable to say if it is achieving its ICT vision.

All schools have autonomy to decide how they will achieve DoE’s vision. DoE provides schools with a base level of ICT but achievement of the vision is largely dependent upon good decision-making by schools and sufficient funding. For many schools, particular small primary and regional schools, funding constraints and limited access to either in-house or contracted ICT expertise means that they will struggle to plan, manage and use ICT in the classroom. DoE provides remote network and administration support to all schools on the SOE, but does not provide additional planning and management support to schools that are struggling.

The effect is that teacher and student access to ICT varies considerably, with some schools well equipped and ICT capable while others are far less fortunate. Other factors associated with this outcome is internet speed and reliability and aging of devices.

Key findings

DoE has a vision for ICT in the public education system and knows what ICT it will deliver to schools. It has four priorities supported by key projects to deliver the vision. However, DoE has not developed implementation plans or strategies for its vision and is unable to show how it is prioritising projects or measuring progress to achieving its vision.

o DoE has not developed a strategy or plan to guide what individual projects it needs to achieve its ICT Vision 2014-2016 and when these projects need to happen. At the time of our audit, DoE had not developed a draft vision for beyond 2016. Sixty percent of our survey respondents considered that DoE does not clearly communicate to schools about future obligations and requirements for ICT.


Without an implementation plan or strategy, DoE is not able to measure progress against its ICT Vision.

o DoE plans to provide schools with an SOE. The SOE is a key project under the ‘Deliver and Expand Enabling Infrastructure’ priority of the ICT Vision. Rollout of the SOE began with 100 schools in 2003 but progress has been slow. Rollout of version 4 of the SOE started in 2008. By July 2016, 97% of all schools were on SOE version 4.1 or higher (41% on 4.1 and 56% on 4.5). Two percent were still operating on EDNET and DoE has allowed 8 schools (1%) to continue running their own networks. These 8 schools represent 11% of all secondary students in WA. DoE plans to roll out the SOE to all participating schools by September 2016. All schools need to be operating on the SOE for the full benefits and efficiencies to be realised.

Schools operating on the SOE and using SOE compliant devices can draw on DoE’s Customer Service Centre (CSC) for network and administration support. The CSC acts as a Service Desk for schools and Departmental staff and is based at the DoE East Perth offices. CSC staff do not provide onsite support for schools or deal with hardware issues and faults. Our survey showed that schools are generally (76%) satisfied with the quality of service desk support provided by the CSC.

Schools are responsible for planning and managing their own ICT. However, small schools, particularly primary and regional schools, are at a relative disadvantage. This is because DoE’s devolved management model, which saw the introduction of one-line budgets and student centred funding, does not fully recognise that schools have varying levels of access to ICT expertise. Schools that lack internal expertise or are unable to fund ICT support are more likely to make poor ICT planning and investment decisions and be less able to ensure their ICT is operating reliably and used well.

Slow and unreliable internet is an ongoing issue for the majority of schools with 74% of respondents to our survey saying that it affected their use of ICT. Teachers advised that it was a factor in students becoming distracted and disruptive.

o Schools and DoE staff advised that increasing the numbers of devices, the use of wireless internet and online student testing impacted bandwidth capacity and affected internet speed.

o DoE is progressing a number of projects, worth around $20.2 million, to address these issues. DoE plans to complete these projects by April 2017. These include increasing bandwidth capacity at 192 schools across the state and providing additional wireless capability to 551 schools to allow more students to connect at the same time. However, some issues are out of DoE’s control. For example, the availability of telecommunications infrastructure for remote and regional schools limits what DoE can provide.

In 2014, DoE returned to its previous device to student ratio, set in 2000. This resulted in a ratio change from 1:1 to 1:5 for secondary students and 1:10 for primary students:

o This is a significant decline from the actual 2008 ratio of 1:2.9 for secondary students and 1:4.5 for primary students and is inconsistent with DoE’s vision of technology rich classrooms.

o The 2015 Computer Census data shows that most primary and secondary schools meet the target ratios based on the total number of devices in use. However, if devices over 4 years old were excluded, then 7 secondary schools and 26 primary schools would not meet DoE’s target ratios. DoE advised that


there has been ‘continued growth in the number of devices being purchased by schools’.

The average ICT device in schools is getting older. The 2015 Computer Census showed that 28% of all student devices were over 4 years old, compared to 18% in 2012. DoE requires schools to work to a 4 year replacement cycle, but responsibility rests with individual schools to have long-term planning and to prioritise funds for replacement. Computers, laptops and tablets are more likely to be slow and less reliable as they age and are generally considered obsolete after 4 years. This means students may not have reliable devices for use in their studies.

The aging of devices is affecting secondary schools the most:

o In 2012, secondary schools owned 7,366 devices that were older than 4 years but by 2015, the number had grown to 26,589. Funding through the National Secondary Schools Computer Fund (NSSCF), which started in 2008 and ended in 2012, led numerous secondary schools to purchase many devices in a single year. Those devices are now approaching or exceeding 4 years old and will need replacement if schools are to maintain their device to student ratios. We found secondary schools did not have plans in place to allow them to maintain their current ratios in line with the increasing level of obsolescence.

o Primary schools are increasing the number of new student devices while the number of older devices has remained relatively consistent from 15,530 in 2012 to 17,640 in 2015. Primary schools received additional State funding through the Primary Schools Device Rebate, announced in December 2015 which provided dollar for dollar investment to eligible primary schools totalling $20 million. Supporting and eventually replacing these devices is a planning and resourcing issue for schools now and into the future.

DoE collects annual Computer Census data from each school. However, this data is not publicly available to enable schools, parents and teachers to make comparisons against other schools and informed decisions about device replacement.

Recommendations

1. By February 2017 the Department of Education (DoE) should:

a. update its ICT Vision Statement and Priorities document beyond 2016

b. create an implementation strategy for the ICT Vision, including timeframes and measures of success

c. consider ways to improve communication with schools to ensure they have a clear understanding of major projects and how they fit within DoE’s strategic direction

d. consider ways to identify schools that require more support from DoE and how to provide it

e. make school Computer Census responses publicly available.

2. By August 2017 DoE should:

a. complete projects currently underway to improve internet speed and bandwidth

b. update its ICT information and guidance to be more user friendly and easier to find

c. have a plan in place for schools that have chosen not to move to the SOE.


Response from the Department of Education

With the exception of a few minor issues on a small number of the findings, which have been discussed with your staff, the Department of Education accepts the finding of the audit and the recommendations of the Auditor General and has initiated appropriate action to address the recommendations.


Audit focus and scope

The audit objective was to establish if the Department of Education (DoE) knows what information and communication technology (ICT) schools need to support students and if public schools can access these appropriately.

Our lines of inquiry were:

1. Is ICT in public schools appropriately planned and managed?

2. Can public schools access the ICT advice and support they need?

We focused on the activities of DoE in ensuring Western Australian public schools have access to ICT. We specifically focused on DoE’s progress against their Information and Communications Technology in the Western Australian Public School System: Vision Statement and Priorities 2014-2016.

In undertaking the audit we:

reviewed plans, policies, procedures, and meeting minutes from DoE

reviewed reports and other documents from DoE

analysed school Computer Census data from DoE 2012 to 2015

interviewed stakeholders, including the Western Australian Primary Principals’ Association, Western Australian Secondary School Executives Association, and school staff

reviewed publications and research from other jurisdictions

conducted site visits to 12 schools across the State – refer Appendix 1. The sampled schools were 5 primary schools, 2 district high schools (years 7 to 10), and 5 secondary schools

conducted a survey of WA public schools that sought input on how schools are using ICT and key challenges they are facing. We received 454 responses from 333 schools

did not look at DoE administration systems.

We conducted this narrow scope performance audit under section 18 of the Auditor General Act 2006 and in accordance with Australian Auditing and Assurance Standards. Narrow scope performance audits have a tight focus and generally target agency compliance with legislation, public sector policies and accepted good practice. The approximate cost of tabling this report is $280,000.


Audit findings

DoE has a vision for ICT in schools but achievement is unclear

In 2014, DoE established its vision for ICT in public schools of providing better equity and access to learning resources while empowering schools’ decision-making. DoE does not yet have an implementation plan for achieving or measures for assessing achievement against its Information and Communications Technology in the Western Australian Public School System: Vision Statement and Priorities 2014-2016 (ICT Vision) and schools are unclear about the direction being taken.

Implementation of a SOE across all schools is a critical step toward achieving the ICT Vision as it allows schools to leverage off base ICT infrastructure provided by DoE. However, rollout of the SOE has been slow.

The ICT Vision is not supported by implementation strategies or plans

DoE’s ICT Vision aims to provide a standardised ICT network environment to all schools whilst also providing them with the independence and freedom to make decisions about how they implement ICT. However, DoE has not developed an implementation plan or strategy to guide the many individual projects it needs to achieve this.

The DoE ICT Vision identified 14 individual projects and initiatives that are contributing to its achievement. Responsibility for delivery rests with numerous parts of DoE. The projects range in size and importance from its rollout of the SOE to development of a records keeping plan. With this many projects underway, it is important to have an implementation plan that provides coordinated and timely delivery.

Appropriate communication with key stakeholders is a natural component of an implementation plan. We found 60% of respondents to our survey thought DoE did not clearly communicate with schools about future obligations and requirements for ICT. We observed, and a DoE commissioned independent review identified, that DoE provide a significant amount of information on their intranet. However, the information is overly technical and schools do not necessarily have the expertise to understand it. DoE needs to provide schools with improved guidance material on how to plan and manage their ICT.

DoE knows that schools lack a clear understanding of the Departments’ strategic direction and are working with DoE project staff to improve engagement. DoE is using customer relationship managers to meet with school staff to improve engagement during roll out of the SOE. DoE has also delivered workshops to regional areas to address ICT leadership in schools.

The SOE is a critical component of the vision

DoE describes the SOE as a ‘common digital network’. Work on the SOE started in 2003 but it is only in the most recent version 4.5 (v4.5) that schools have reported considerable improvements and reliability in the system.

The SOE provides critical services to schools such as internet, network access, operating system, security, and school administration software such as attendance and student information.

The SOE is limited to a carefully defined range of equipment, software and configurations to achieve benefits like low cost support and need for staff training, and a high level of availability. In addition, the SOE removes the need for individual schools to manage and


maintain a network. Essentially, the SOE provides all ICT infrastructure needed ‘up to the wall’. Schools are responsible for how they leverage off it – refer Figure 1 below.

Figure 1: The standard operating environment

Benefits of the SOE are significant but rollout has been slow

SOE rollout commenced in 2003, with 97% of public schools on a version of the SOE at July 2016 (435 on v4.5 and 319 on v4.1 or 4.2). However, 56% of those schools only gained access in the last 2 years. The full benefits of the SOE will only be realised when all schools are operating on similar versions as this will allow DoE to focus on supporting one environment, and provide users with a consistent experience across all schools.

Rollout of the SOE has been slow – see Figure 2. Real progress was not made until 2008 when Commonwealth funding from the National Secondary Schools Computer Fund (NSSCF) saw the SOE implemented in all secondary schools, except for 8 schools that opted out. The reasons why 8 secondary schools opted out is explained in Figure 3.

Five hundred and seven of 521 primary schools are now on a version of the SOE. However, 191 of those only gained access from December 2015 onwards with funding for SOE implementation focused on providing ICT to primary schools. Key stakeholders and staff at our site visits made it clear that primary schools are major beneficiaries of the SOE as they receive support for network infrastructure and key services from DoE.


Figure 2: Roll out of the SOE has been slow and largely limited to 4 years

Eight schools have opted out of the SOE

Eight secondary schools have made the decision not to move to the SOE. These schools opted out of the process when the SOE was in its early stages of development. Five of the schools are in the 10 largest schools by student population, and in total, the 8 schools represent around 11% of secondary students in WA.

These schools had reasons for not moving onto the SOE. Some were using new technologies that the SOE did not support at the time and others wanted to wait until a later version of the SOE was available. At the time, funding was available through the NSSCF to support these schools moving onto the SOE, but that funding ended in 2012. The Department is still open to these schools deciding to move onto the SOE. However, DoE or the schools will need to identify another funding source to pay for the cost of the move.

The 8 schools chose to maintain their own EDNET system, with only their administration network connected to DoE. In 2011, DoE gave one school permission to operate for a trial period on an entirely separate network to the Department. As a result, DoE has no visibility of how the school operates its network, the security policies applied by the school or administrative information. This school is still operating its network independently of DoE.

DoE has a number of policies and controls in place so schools on the SOE provide a safe and secure environment for students. The Department does not have this level of confidence for schools not on the SOE because it has limited visibility of their networks.

In 2016, DoE commissioned an independent review of ICT at two large secondary schools, one school on the SOE the other entirely self-managed. The scope of the review is to examine the effectiveness of both options, the cost-benefit associated with both options and customer satisfaction in both schools. At the time of our audit the review had not been finalised. DoE expect to consider the findings of the review in late 2016.

Figure 3: Not all schools are on the SOE

Version 4.5 of the SOE has provided significant improvements

DoE had minimal success with early versions of its SOE, with ongoing issues around authentication and limiting school choices around what kind of devices they could use. Significant progress occurred with the release of version 4.0 in 2008. This upgrade combined student and administration domains, provided centralised backup, improved support services and shifted focus towards mobile internet connectivity. It also provided schools with the ability to manage some components locally, such as internet controls.

Version 4.5 provided even more improvements including centralised management of wireless access and cloud ready. Five of the 12 schools we visited during this audit had already been


upgraded to the newest version of the SOE and all commented favourably on improvements in user experiences. By September 2016, when rollout is complete, 449 schools will be on version 4.5.

All schools need to plan and manage their own ICT

Achieving DoE’s ICT Vision requires effort and commitment by DoE as well as individual schools. The rollout of the SOE provides schools with a ‘common digital network’. Other DoE projects coordinate the purchase and installation of ICT infrastructure, and provide support for everything ‘up to the wall’ of the school.

Schools must plan, support and manage ICT within their school. For example, schools choose the software they want to use and if and how they want to use computer labs, laptop trolleys, tablets, and student owned devices (BYOD). Figure 4 shows two of these options, shared laptop trolleys and computer labs.

DoE gives schools the flexibility and responsibility to make these choices. The level of success schools have in implementing this depends on the expertise they are able to access. As discussed in this section of the report, access to expertise is a serious issue for some schools.

How schools use ICT in the classroom

Respondents to our survey indicated their schools still use computer laboratories and the library as the primary ways their students access ICT, as well as using some combination of school owned laptops and tablets, and BYOD. Our site visits reflected this.

Across the 12 schools we visited we observed students accessing ICT through:

computer laboratories

individual laptops

shared laptops and tablets

library computers

BYOD

smartboards.

The image on the left (1) shows a portable laptop trolley, these trolleys securely store and charge laptops for use across one or more classrooms. On the right (2) is an example of a computer lab with stationary desktop computers, designed to accommodate an entire class of students.

Figure 4: Examples of different approaches to ICT use in schools

1 2


DoE provides schools with good support when the needs relate to the SOE

The ICT support that DoE provides through its Customer Service Centre (CSC) is generally well regarded by schools. Seventy-six percent of respondents to our survey said DoE always or most of the time provided helpful support (Figure 5).

However, this support is limited to SOE infrastructure and devices that meet specific requirements. The CSC is based in East Perth and provides support to schools via phone, email and remote connection. Support is limited to network access, services access and administration services (Table 1). The CSC does not provide onsite support for hardware.

These limitations mean that schools need to consider carefully the level of support they will need from DoE when planning their ICT arrangements as this will affect the level of ongoing support they must fund from their own resources. For example, schools cannot use DoE support for the planning or management of student BYOD. This will become more of an issue if schools move to BYOD to overcome issues with aging devices.

Figure 5: School survey responses – Question 18

Table 1 below shows that DoE provides schools with significantly different levels of support based on the types of devices the school manages.

Limited support is available for devices that do not run on Windows 7 and other non-SOE managed devices. Schools that do not meet the SOE requirements must fund support through contractors or use their own staff.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Always helpful Helpful most of thetime

Helpful some ofthe time

Never helpful I have nevercontacted the DoEICT Service Desk

Pe

rce

nt o

f re

sp

on

de

nts

(%

)

How would you rate the quality of support you receive through the DoE ICT Service Desk?


Examples of available CSC services, options

and features

Devices that meet the SOE hardware

and software requirements

Other devices (e.g. tablet devices, BYOD, smartphones, non-Windows

7, devices out of manufacturer’s warranty)

Desktop or notebook

All smart-phones

All tablet devices

Wired Network NA

Wireless Network

Access to the internet

Automated deployment of base SOE software

NA NA NA

Email Services via Portal (DOE Webmail)

Access to user home drive NA NA

Access to network file resources

Full support provided by the CSC

Responsibility rests with the school. Specified device is eligible for this service, but is not guaranteed. Assistance may be provided by a Contractor or Third Party Provider

Responsibility rests with the school. The CSC can be contacted for guidance, further assistance may be provided by a Contractor or Third Party Provider

NA Specified device is not eligible for this service

Table 1: Services available through the CSC

Schools with only limited ICT expertise are making significant ICT decisions

More than half the schools we visited were relying on staff with limited ICT expertise to make significant ICT investment decisions. Poor procurement decisions can have lasting implications in terms of financial outlay, equipment performance, reliability and required level of support – support that the school may have to fund from its own resources.

We visited one secondary school that in February 2016 purchased 57 tablet devices, worth around $57,000, for their teachers to use. It was only after purchase that the school discovered that the devices’ operating system was not compatible with the SOE and did not meet the requirements for full support through the CSC. The school is storing the devices until such time it is able to use them for their intended purpose.

DoE produced a guidance document for schools in 2009 called Steps to implementing ICT enriched classrooms. The document outlines 21 steps to purchasing equipment. DoE expects schools to refer to the guidance prior to making any purchases.

At 7 of the 12 schools we visited, the Principal, Business Manager or teachers are responsible for ICT planning despite them having little or no ICT expertise. Responses to our survey also reflected this, with 67% of responses identifying administration or teaching staff as providing onsite support for schools (Figure 6). This introduces a significant risk of making ICT investment and management decisions without understanding the lasting impact on the school.

One school we visited had accepted donations of second hand computers from another organisation. The computers were more than 4 years old when received. The school found reliability issues and increased demand for technical support outweighed the benefits of the additional devices.


Figure 6: School survey responses – Question 14 (responses will total more than 100% as respondents were able to select more than one option). This question only related to onsite support staff, schools may also engage external contractors for support.

We expected DoE to be proactive in engaging with schools that are likely to be more ‘at risk’ of making poor ICT decisions. This was not evident, although as mentioned earlier, most schools are satisfied with the advice DoE provides when asked. DoE staff stated that if and how schools invest in ICT is their responsibility. DoE does not specifically identify schools at risk of making poor ICT decisions, but they have recently provided workshops on leadership in ICT for regions that have struggled with implementing ICT in the classroom.

BYOD is actively being considered in many schools

The introduction of BYOD is a good example of forward planning decisions that can have broader implications for schools.

Four of the 12 schools we visited had or were considering introducing BYOD in an effort to maintain their device to student ratios. However, integration of devices that are not compliant with the SOE will pose a risk for schools in terms of loss of technical support from the DoE CSC.

The CSC provides some support for devices if the school owns them and runs on the SOE. DoE does not provide support for BYOD (Table 1), as it advised that given the variety of devices it would not be feasible to provide centralised support. DoE should ensure schools clearly understand that support for BYOD devices will ultimately fall to their onsite support staff or to parents.

Seven of our sample schools indicated that BYOD was not an option they were considering. Four of these received little in the way of voluntary school fees which is an indicator that many families may not be able to afford devices. Other factors like families with multiple school-aged children would compound the cost.

The attraction of BYOD to schools is understandable. Not only can it enhance the device to student ratio, but it also means the school has greater flexibility in how it otherwise uses the funding for ICT that is incorporated in DoE’s ‘one-line’ budget for the school.

Figure 7: Introducing BYOD

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

ICT Coordinator Administration Teachers Students Parents

Perc

ent

of

respondents

(%

)Who provides onsite ICT support at the school?


Technical support is important to the success of ICT in schools but the level of support varies

While secondary schools generally have trained ICT support staff, technical support for primary schools and in particular smaller, regional and remote schools is an ongoing problem.

We found secondary schools generally employ dedicated and trained ICT support officers and that ICT is integrated and teachers and students are supported in its use. However, because of funding arrangements, primary schools are much less likely to have expert technical support, instead relying on administration or teaching staff to fill the role. All 5 primary schools we visited used teaching or administration staff as ICT support.

Like for ICT planning, DoE leaves schools to decide how they will provide onsite technical support for ICT. Schools that lack internal technical expertise and cannot resolve technical issues with the assistance of DoE advice will need to engage contractors. All 5 primary schools we visited engaged contractors to varying degrees.

A reliance on contractors has disadvantages. The cost of getting contractors on site means that schools will often stockpile issues until it is financially viable to get the contractor to the school. This approach can mean that important elements of the schools’ ICT arrangements do not operate at an optimum level for lengthy periods. In addition, the cost of contractor support has seen one school choose to operate with a reduced number of devices, which may negatively affect student access.

Geographic isolation of some schools makes contractor support particularly costly. For example, a regional primary school in our sample paid for two days of travel and accommodation to its ICT contractor in addition to the time spent at the school for every site visit.

Smaller primary schools, both regional and metropolitan, are at a relative disadvantage as ICT support is not fully factored into the student centred funding model, even though all schools need ICT support. DoE management is aware of this, and expect to consider it in the upcoming review of the student centred funding model.

Internet speed, bandwidth and aging devices impact the use of ICT in schools

Slow or unreliable internet and aging student devices in schools is undermining the achievement of DoE’s vision.

Schools are increasing the number of student devices in use, moving towards wireless internet usage and online student testing. All of those changes rely on, and affect internet speed and bandwidth capacity. Reliability and performance issues can result in students getting distracted, falling behind or having limited access to the classroom resources they need. Further, schools informed us that slow and unreliable internet is a reason some teachers limit the use of ICT in classrooms as it contributes to behaviour management problems amongst students.

DoE collects annual Computer Census data from each school. The census data includes information from schools on all school owned devices in use by students and administration staff, including desktop computers, laptops and tablets. The Department uses the data to establish and manage central ICT infrastructure and service agreements. However, DoE do not publish the data.


Schools need access to fast and reliable internet

Slow or unreliable internet can restrict a teacher delivering a lesson, students completing online testing and can even stifle innovation in the classroom.

Seven of the 12 schools we visited said they experienced issues with poor internet speed, lack of bandwidth or internet connection dropouts. Our survey results supported this with 74% of respondents identifying internet speed as a key issue in their use of ICT (Figure 8).

Figure 8: School survey responses – Question 10

DoE has identified that slow or unreliable internet has created delays in accessing teaching and learning content. It is important to note that some issues like telecommunications infrastructure, are beyond the control of DoE.

Schools moving to online testing

From 2017, all Australian schools will begin transitioning to online NAPLAN testing, with an expectation that it will be fully online by 2019.

NAPLAN is an annual assessment for all students in Years 3, 5, 7 and 9. It tests the types of skills that are essential for every child to progress through school and life. The tests cover skills in reading, writing, spelling, grammar and punctuation, and numeracy. DoE is in the process of piloting NAPLAN online in schools across the state.

Secondary schools also run the Online Literacy and Numeracy Assessment (OLNA). Students are required to complete the assessment within specified time limits and therefore need fast and reliable internet access.

Forty-three percent of respondents to our survey indicated that their school had participated in online testing through OLNA or NAPLAN Online trials, with another 5.5% currently testing. Seventy-three percent of respondents to our survey indicated they had experienced ICT issues in providing online testing. DoE reported that they had only received around 20 calls from schools relating to issues with OLNA testing.

Survey comments referred to internet speed and connectivity as issues. A shift towards online testing, without internet connectivity issues being resolved, will create inequity for some students.

Figure 9: Students undertaking OLNA testing with the school’s ICT support officer in attendance

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Schools are being encouraged by DoE to increase the use of online services, consider BYOD, and to purchase additional devices. However, schools already experiencing issues with internet speed and bandwidth will likely find that using these additions will increase the strain.

We observed an upward trend in internet use. Each school receives a data download allocation paid for by DoE. In 2014-15, 543 schools exceeded their current download allocations by more than 10%. By March 2016, this had increased to 588 schools.

DoE is increasing bandwidth at 192 schools across the state and rolling out hardware to allow for more efficient bandwidth usage at 791 schools. Schools are likely to increase their internet usage as connection speed and reliability improve.

DoE also expects to complete the roll out of the SOE v4.5 by September 2016. Five of the 12 schools we visited were already operating on v4.5 of the SOE and four had experienced improvements in internet connectivity. The SOE should improve schools connectivity by introducing centrally controlled wireless connection points, update network hardware and give schools the ability to prevent users from bypassing local internet controls.

Two key issues that impact schools’ internet use, internet speed and bandwidth are often used interchangeably, but refer to different issues. The diagram below illustrates the difference between speed and bandwidth.

A B

In this example, cars represent data, the speed limit is the data transfer rate, and the number of road lanes is the available bandwidth.

If the cars have a maximum speed of 100km/hr, in image A more than one user may impact the data speed. Because, like a single lane road, multiple users can slow the maximum speed possible. In image B, the road has been expanded to 4 lanes. This represents an increase in bandwidth. The cars still have a maximum speed of 100km/hr, but with access to more lanes they are more likely to maintain that speed and avoid getting backed up.

Some examples of issues that affect the speed of connection include the networking hardware, if people are using wireless (Wi-Fi) connectivity or a local area connection (LAN), and the number of users and devices at any given time. Bandwidth relates to the maximum throughput of data over the school connection.

DoE are working to improve internet speed by spending $20.2m to upgrade network and wireless hardware in schools. DoE has also increased bandwidth at 90 secondary schools and have 102 regional schools planned for an upgrade by November 2016.

Figure 10: Internet speed v. bandwidth1

1 Adapted from https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/blogs/vip-perspectives/2015/10/16/bandwidth-vs-speed and http://www.starhub.com/personal/support/broadband/things-to-know-about-broadband/bandwidth-vs-speed.html).

https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/blogs/vip-perspectives/2015/10/16/bandwidth-vs-speed

http://www.starhub.com/personal/support/broadband/things-to-know-about-broadband/bandwidth-vs-speed.html


The average age of school owned devices in secondary schools is increasing and causing difficulties

The overall number and average age of devices in secondary schools is increasing. Older devices are likely to be slow to turn on, to process information and run programs. For portable devices, battery life will likely be very short. Older devices are also more likely to experience hardware faults and because of their age are unlikely to be under warranty. This creates additional workload for onsite ICT support staff or contractors.

During our site visits, teachers said they at times abandoned the use of devices in their classroom because the devices were slow to operate and contributed to behaviour management problems amongst students.

Based on school responses to the annual DoE Computer Census from 2012 to 2015, we observed two different trends in the proportion of aged devices owned by schools:

secondary school ratio of aged devices has increased significantly and is now almost one-third.

primary schools show a significant increase in the number of new devices, and the proportion of aged devices has declined (Figure 11).

2012 and 2015 Comparison: Devices by age (> 4 years and < = 4 years), Primary and Secondary

Figure 11: Proportion of devices in 2012 and 2015 that are older than 4 years old

We also plotted the trend in student to device ratio to better understand the impact of aging devices on the availability of devices for each student (Figure 12).

The ratio in primary schools has shown an improvement in line with additional funding. However, in secondary schools the ratio is deteriorating slowly, and the increase in aging


devices exacerbates the decline. This means students may not have reliable devices for use in their studies.

Figure 12: Student to device ratio – 2012 to 2015

Secondary schools have markedly decreased the number of devices purchased since 2012. The decrease in new purchases may be reflective of more secondary schools moving to BYOD programs, as well as the end of the NSSCF federal funding. The increase in devices over 4 years old is in line with the 1:1 devices purchased through the NSSCF program reaching their end of life. To extend the life of these older devices, some schools retain broken devices for spare parts (Figure 13).

Figure 13: Examples of schools stockpiling broken and end of life laptops for parts to repair other devices or awaiting disposal.

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Student to device ratio - 2012 to 2015

Average primary student to device <= 4 years Average primary student to device - total

Average secondary student to device <= 4 years Average secondary student to device - total


In December 2015, DoE announced the Primary School Device Program to provide more access to students from low socioeconomic backgrounds and support schools to prepare for NAPLAN online. The program provided dollar for dollar funding for eligible schools to increase, replenish, and better manage devices.

This sort of one-off funding injection helps schools address immediate issues, but has the potential to create challenges for schools to support and replace these devices into the future. Secondary schools are currently experiencing this issue with devices purchased through the NSSCF.

The NSSCF set a goal of a 1:1 device to student ratio by 2012 for all students’ years 9 to 12. In the 2012 Education and Health Standing Committee’s report, The role of ICT in Western Australian Education: Living and Working in a Digital World, DoE indicated that schools had achieved these ratios. However, the report also flagged concerns raised by all Australian jurisdictions about maintaining these ratios if the NSSCF were to end.

The NSSCF did end in 2012 and DoE returned to its minimum device to student ratios of 1:5 for secondary students and 1:10 for primary. A 1:5 and 1:10 device to student ratio would be higher than ratios achieved in 2005 when DoE began collecting computer census data. These ratios are not in line with the DoE vision for learning environments enriched by ICT.

A review of school Computer Census data from 2012 to 2015 shows that most primary and secondary schools met the ratios (Table 2). The figures also show an increase in the number of devices per primary student and a decrease for secondary students since 2012.

Primary Students

Secondary Students

2015 2.5 1.2

2014 3.1 1.0

2013 3.4 1.0

2012 3.8 1.0

2011 4.0 1.5

2010 4.3 2.2

2009 4.3 2.7

2008 4.5 2.9

2007 4.7 3.0

2006 5.0 3.2

2005 5.3 3.3

Department of Education and OAG

Table 2: Actual number of students per device 2005 to 2015

However, if we excluded student devices over 4 years old we found that some schools were not meeting the 1:5 and 1:10 goals. In 2015, 25 primary schools exceeded the 1:10 ratio and 7 secondary schools exceeded 1:5 (Table 3).


Year

Primary schools exceeding 1:10 for devices 4 years old

or less

Primary schools exceeding 1:10 for

all devices

Secondary schools exceeding 1:5 for

devices 4 years old or less

Secondary schools exceeding 1:5 for

all devices

2015 25 4 7 1

2014 33 8 5 2

2013 56 8 1 0

2012 76 8 1 0

DoE and OAG

Table 3: Number of schools that are not meeting DoE goals for numbers of devices per student


Appendix 1

Schools visited during the audit

Churchlands Senior High School

Clarkson Community High School

Dalyellup College

Ellenbrook Primary School

Hopetoun Primary School

Kojonup District High School

Mirrabooka Senior High School

North Fremantle Primary School

Northam Senior High School

Rangeway Primary School

Roseworth Primary School

York District High School


Appendix 2

Student to device ratio by school

The below table shows the number of students per device at WA public schools in 2012 and 2015. The purpose of this table is to demonstrate how schools are tracking against DoE minimum standards. The student to device number does not show a full picture of ICT integration within a school. Some schools make a conscious decision to maintain computer labs, to contain the use of technology to particular subjects or use BYOD. This should be taken into consideration when reviewing the below data.

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School Name 2012 2015

Adam Road Primary School 521 6.1 12.7 528 2.6 3.2

Albany Primary School 481 2.1 8.6 467 1.5 5.3

Albany Secondary Education Support Centre 45 1.0 1.0 41 0.4 0.4

Albany Senior High School 1011 1.1 1.2 1113 1.2 2.0

Alinjarra Primary School 420 4.3 6.3 411 4.3 7.5

Allanson Primary School 106 1.8 2.7 103 1.3 2.1

Allendale Primary School 413 3.9 5.2 372 1.8 2.6

Amaroo Primary School 427 2.8 3.8 367 2.0 3.2

Anzac Terrace Primary School 373 4.6 9.6 349 2.8 4.3

Applecross Primary School 458 5.1 5.1 526 6.2 6.2

Applecross Senior High School 1251 1.1 1.1 1435 2.2 2.4

Arbor Grove Primary School 648 12.2 43.2 683 6.5 8.1

Ardross Primary School 444 4.0 6.0 390 2.7 2.9

Armadale Education Support Centre 36 1.1 1.2 50 0.6 0.7

Armadale Primary School 450 4.2 7.4 432 2.3 3.5

Armadale Senior High School 648 1.1 1.3 629 0.9 2.9

Ashburton Drive Primary School 480 7.4 7.6 485 6.0 6.3

Ashdale Primary School 942 3.9 5.5 843 2.6 2.8

Ashdale Secondary College 749 1.2 1.2 1453 2.9 3.0

Ashfield Primary School 90 2.1 2.4 95 2.4 4.5

Attadale Primary School 349 2.6 3.6 357 1.2 1.4

Atwell College 1054 1.0 1.2 1324 1.7 1.8

Atwell Primary School 796 4.0 5.5 746 2.2 3.0

Aubin Grove Primary School 526 2.5 2.5 993 2.8 4.3

Augusta Primary School 66 3.1 3.9 71 2.3 2.7

Australind Primary School 325 3.2 25.0 271 2.2 3.3


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Australind Senior High School 982 1.1 1.1 1263 1.3 1.3

Aveley Primary School 206 4.7 4.7 458 4.0 4.0

Avonvale Education Support Centre 12 0.9 0.9 27 1.4 1.4

Avonvale Primary School 189 2.9 4.8 190 2.8 4.9

Babakin Primary School 27 1.8 1.9 24 1.7 3.4

Badgingarra Primary School 38 1.1 1.8 25 0.5 0.7

Bakers Hill Primary School 199 4.7 8.0 155 2.3 3.3

Balcatta Primary School 185 2.8 3.7 195 2.6 5.0

Balcatta Senior High School 530 0.9 0.9 651 2.0 3.5

Baldivis Primary School 625 5.2 11.2 822 5.3 12.3

Baldivis Secondary College 1092 2.9 2.9

Baler Primary School 640 2.8 2.8 549 4.1 9.8

Balga Primary School 202 3.5 4.5 197 1.4 1.4

Balga Senior High School 461 0.9 0.9 503 0.8 1.7

Balingup Primary School 40 1.5 5.0 37 0.6 1.9

Ballajura Community College 1663 0.9 1.1 1544 0.8 2.8

Ballajura Primary School 603 7.4 10.6 663 2.4 2.6

Ballidu Primary School 23 0.6 0.6 16 0.7 1.6

Bambara Primary School 183 3.3 6.5 202 2.4 3.1

Banksia Park Primary School 352 4.2 5.6 311 2.8 3.6

Bannister Creek Primary School 530 5.0 8.4 570 3.0 3.1

Bassendean Primary School 332 3.0 4.4 361 5.0 6.7

Bateman Primary School 317 5.4 5.4 282 2.4 2.5

Baynton West Primary School 602 2.4 2.4

Bayswater Primary School 342 6.3 18.0 334 3.6 4.8

Bayulu Remote Community School 126 6.0 6.0 118 3.8 5.4

Beachlands Primary School 157 4.5 12.1 144 1.7 1.7

Beacon Primary School 34 3.4 38 1.7 1.7

Beaconsfield Primary School 486 6.5 16.2 461 2.8 3.1

Beaumaris Primary School 823 5.6 6.1 724 3.8 5.7

Beckenham Primary School 483 5.2 7.5 418 2.3 4.2

Beechboro Primary School 474 6.2 8.9 358 2.2 2.9

Beeliar Primary School 493 6.8 7.4 475 4.9 5.2

Beldon Education Support Centre 30 1.4 1.6 38 1.2 1.3

Beldon Primary School 303 5.7 7.0 322 3.9 4.8

Belmay Primary School 283 3.0 3.2 216 2.1 3.0


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Belmont City College 511 0.9 1.1 745 1.3 1.5

Belmont Primary School 141 3.1 6.7 152 2.4 4.1

Belridge Secondary College 740 1.3 1.5 1000 1.8 2.6

Belridge Secondary Education Support Centre 62 0.6 0.7 105 0.5 0.6

Bencubbin Primary School 46 1.4 1.9 29 1.0 1.8

Bentley Primary School 195 4.2 7.2 197 1.7 2.0

Bertram Primary School 715 5.0 17.9 831 5.5 5.5

Beverley District High School 179 2.6 4.2 171 1.9 2.3

Bibra Lake Primary School 408 5.4 8.5 367 2.9 4.3

Bicton Primary School 410 4.8 8.7 390 4.4 8.9

Bindoon Primary School 192 4.1 8.7 165 2.5 3.7

Binnu Primary School 30 2.0 2.1 26 0.9 1.9

Bletchley Park Primary School 869 3.4 3.4 983 2.2 3.2

Bluff Point Primary School 424 4.0 8.0 310 4.2 5.0

Boddington District High School 297 2.1 2.4 299 1.5 1.8

Bolgart Primary School 34 1.4 6.8 32 0.8 1.1

Booragoon Primary School 398 3.7 4.5 416 3.7 5.2

Borden Primary School 34 1.0 5.7 30 1.8 2.0

Boulder Primary School 337 3.3 3.5 287 2.3 2.9

Boyanup Primary School 125 2.5 2.8 121 1.5 2.0

Boyare Primary School 376 4.0 4.2 347 3.0 3.1

Boyup Brook District High School 167 1.7 2.7 169 1.0 1.1

Braeside Primary School 236 5.5 221 2.5 2.5

Bramfield Park Primary School 228 3.4 10.9 246 2.1 10.3

Bremer Bay Primary School 40 2.1 4.4 35 0.8 1.2

Brentwood Primary School 333 3.4 3.7 330 2.2 3.0

Bridgetown High School 119 0.8 0.8 193 1.0 1.4

Bridgetown Primary School 384 5.1 6.7 281 3.0 3.6

Brookman Primary School 393 5.5 10.1 341 2.9 4.1

Brookton District High School 130 1.3 2.2 153 1.5 2.6

Broome North Primary School 100 1.5 1.5

Broome Primary School 423 3.2 4.3 391 2.5 3.0

Broome Senior High School 560 1.4 1.5 862 1.7 2.1

Broomehill Primary School 59 2.4 2.8 51 1.2 2.0

Bruce Rock District High School 155 3.1 3.1 131 2.2 2.6

Brunswick Junction Primary School 85 1.9 7.7 69 0.6 4.9


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Bull Creek Primary School 335 5.2 5.7 336 2.9 3.6

Bullsbrook College 863 2.5 2.9 1071 1.9 2.3

Bunbury Primary School 398 3.8 5.9 430 3.1 4.8

Bunbury Senior High School 768 1.1 1.1 952 0.8 1.5

Bungaree Primary School 342 7.6 342.0 281 3.7 7.6

Buntine Primary School 10 0.5 0.5 14 0.6 0.8

Burbridge School 39 1.3 1.3 37 1.4 1.6

Burrendah Primary School 544 4.5 4.5 549 3.5 4.7

Burringurrah Remote Community School 31 1.1 2.4 51 2.4 17.0

Busselton Primary School 314 3.8 7.0 283 1.9 2.6

Busselton Senior High School 562 0.9 0.9 654 1.2 2.2

Butler College 1244 2.8 2.9

Butler Primary School 927 4.7 6.7 851 3.6 4.7

Byford Primary School 296 4.4 7.4 291 2.2 4.1

Byford Secondary College 593 10.8 10.8

Cable Beach Primary School 451 3.3 6.2 397 2.1 3.6

Cadoux Primary School 18 0.9 3.0 19 1.0 1.6

Caladenia Primary School 640 11.4 11.4 742 3.7 3.7

Calingiri Primary School 50 1.7 1.7 37 0.7 1.2

Calista Primary School 384 4.4 8.2 449 4.4 5.0

Camboon Primary School 440 4.0 8.0 388 3.3 6.0

Campbell Primary School 968 3.7 3.7 910 3.1 3.1

Canning College 531 1.2 1.2 490 1.5 1.5

Canning Vale College 1174 1.2 1.3 1686 1.9 2.1

Canning Vale Education Support Centre 35 1.0 1.3 34 0.7 0.7

Canning Vale Primary School 652 3.4 15.5 590 2.4 9.5

Cannington Community College 566 1.6 2.2 743 1.7 2.0

Cannington Community Education Support Centre 106 0.9 1.3 114 0.6 0.7

Cape Naturaliste College 446 1.1 1.3 687 1.2 1.4

Capel Primary School 354 3.0 3.1 374 2.4 2.9

Caralee Community School 314 2.8 6.4 318 2.1 3.0

Carcoola Primary School 165 3.9 3.9 122 2.5 2.5

Career Enterprise Centre 38 0.8 1.0 35 0.7 0.8

Carey Park Primary School 385 4.8 4.8 366 2.8 2.8

Carine Primary School 579 4.2 10.9 551 2.1 2.4

Carine Senior High School 1254 1.0 1.1 1432 1.0 1.6


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Carlisle Primary School 350 4.3 7.4 383 3.8 5.6

Carnamah District High School 106 1.4 1.9 96 1.2 1.5

Carnarvon Community College 0 652 1.2 1.4

Carnarvon School of the Air 36 0.8 0.9 36 0.8 1.0

Carramar Primary School 908 5.3 7.0 836 3.1 4.6

Carson Street School 73 2.3 2.5 70 1.5 1.5

Cascade Primary School 38 1.4 2.1 19 0.8 4.8

Cassia Education Support Centre 13 0.5 0.5 14 0.6 0.6

Cassia Primary School 309 2.1 2.3 397 2.0 2.1

Castlereagh School 57 0.8 1.3 59 0.9 1.4

Castletown Primary School 524 7.8 27.6 551 10.4 24.0

Caversham Primary School 161 2.6 5.4 227 2.7 4.6

Cecil Andrews Senior High School 401 1.3 1.3 609 1.7 4.1

Central Midlands Senior High School 194 1.2 1.2 199 1.0 1.3

Cervantes Primary School 60 3.5 6.0 55 1.6 1.9

Challis Community Primary School 309 3.8 5.8 778 2.9 3.4

Chapman Valley Primary School 27 1.4 2.7 38 0.6 0.7

Charthouse Primary School 656 4.6 5.6 532 2.1 2.1

Chidlow Primary School 191 4.2 4.2 152 1.9 2.5

Christmas Island District High School 250 1.1 1.6 235 0.7 1.2

Churchlands Primary School 452 6.3 9.4 513 3.4 4.6

Churchlands Senior High School 1453 0.7 0.8 2271 1.3 1.7

City Beach Primary School 236 4.8 168 2.0 2.8

Clarkson Community High School 875 1.0 1.0 620 0.5 1.2

Clarkson Primary School 527 3.7 7.2 466 2.1 2.8

Clayton View Primary School 159 2.1 6.6 145 3.1

Clifton Hills Primary School 391 3.9 6.1 381 1.8 2.4

Clifton Park Primary School 198 3.1 5.4 179 2.0 2.4

Cloverdale Education Support Centre 22 0.5 0.7 31 0.7 0.7

Cloverdale Primary School 385 3.3 4.9 333 2.1 2.3

Cocos Islands District High School 99 1.0 4.1 103 0.7 1.6

College Row School 29 1.3 1.3 27 0.9 1.2

Collie Senior High School 486 1.2 1.2 621 1.4 1.7

Collier Primary School 265 2.0 44.2 248 2.5 3.0

Comet Bay College 1190 0.7 0.8 1688 1.5 2.9

Comet Bay Primary School 984 5.5 9.2 930 3.7 5.7


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Como Primary School 332 3.3 3.4 346 1.9 5.4

Como Secondary College 602 1.0 1.2 794 1.2 1.6

Condingup Primary School 83 1.6 2.0 65 1.3 1.9

Connolly Primary School 532 4.5 9.5 436 2.8 4.4

Coodanup College 454 1.2 1.7 561 1.0 1.0

Coogee Primary School 465 5.5 7.3 505 3.0 3.6

Cooinda Primary School 398 3.7 4.7 403 2.8 3.5

Coolbellup Community School 233 4.9 7.8 235 2.9 3.9

Coolbellup Learning Centre 23 0.7 1.3 21 0.5 0.6

Coolbinia Primary School 389 4.2 5.9 424 2.0 2.7

Coolgardie Primary School 44 1.0 1.5 39 0.7 0.8

Cooloongup Primary School 359 4.8 5.3 374 3.6 3.6

Coorow Primary School 37 1.2 1.9 27 0.8 1.6

Corrigin District High School 132 2.9 4.0 169 2.0 4.3

Cottesloe Primary School 363 3.3 4.5 355 3.0 4.2

Cowaramup Primary School 223 3.6 8.9 287 3.7 7.4

Craigie Heights Primary School 326 2.7 4.1 349 2.3 3.1

Cranbrook Primary School 73 2.9 3.5 65 1.6 1.9

Creaney Education Support Centre 38 2.7 7.6 34 1.0 1.5

Creaney Primary School 325 9.0 10.8 333 3.3 4.0

Cue Primary School 34 1.2 2.0 29 1.1 1.1

Cunderdin District High School 144 1.8 3.4 143 0.9 1.0

Currambine Primary School 782 3.6 3.8 808 3.1 6.6

Curtin Primary School 161 3.4 3.9 142 2.0 2.8

Cyril Jackson Senior Campus 384 0.6 0.6 450 0.8 0.8

Cyril Jackson Senior Campus Education Support Centre 19 0.5 0.5 17 0.5 0.5

Dalkeith Primary School 350 2.6 4.1 365 1.4 1.7

Dalmain Primary School 266 3.5 3.9 303 3.0 3.5

Dalwallinu District High School 134 1.5 2.1 166 2.0 2.1

Dalyellup College 1448 2.5 2.8 779 1.4 1.4

Dalyellup Primary School 727 3.2 3.2

Dampier Primary School 202 2.7 2.7 196 2.2 2.2

Dandaragan Primary School 68 2.3 3.2 36 1.0 2.6

Dardanup Primary School 202 3.0 5.5 158 1.8 3.0

Darkan Primary School 95 5.9 5.9 70 4.4 4.7


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Darling Range Sports College 916 1.2 1.2 1040 1.2 1.3

Darlington Primary School 358 4.8 7.3 380 4.6 4.6

Davallia Primary School 471 3.9 5.2 476 1.6 2.7

Dawson Park Primary School 364 4.1 8.7 392 5.2 78.4

Dawul Remote Community School 26 1.9 1.9 15 0.9 0.9

Deanmore Primary School 432 3.7 4.0 486 3.2 3.9

Denmark Primary School 516 3.9 5.7 483 2.8 6.3

Denmark Senior High School 280 1.3 1.5 397 1.3 1.4

Derby District High School 553 2.2 2.3 599 1.6 2.3

Dianella Heights Primary School 399 6.9 10.2 456 1.6 1.6

Djidi Djidi Aboriginal School 120 1.9 5.0 111 1.0 1.4

Djugerari Remote Community School 20 0.9 1.4 15 0.4 0.8

Dongara District High School 507 4.2 4.2 411 2.1 2.8

Donnybrook District High School 506 1.8 2.4 494 1.5 1.8

Doubleview Primary School 347 4.3 5.8 422 3.0 4.6

Dowerin District High School 107 1.1 1.1 111 0.8 1.9

Dryandra Primary School 365 4.6 5.4 298 3.2 4.3

Dudley Park Primary School 505 5.5 6.6 500 3.0 3.8

Dumbleyung Primary School 37 0.9 1.5 27 1.0 1.4

Duncraig Primary School 339 4.3 6.8 377 3.3 5.5

Duncraig Senior High School 1086 1.3 1.5 1336 3.4 3.8

Duncraig Senior High School Education Support Centre 60 1.1 1.3 67 0.6 0.6

Dunsborough Primary School 662 4.4 4.8 738 4.4 4.6

Durham Road School 119 1.1 1.2 179 0.9 0.9

Dwellingup Primary School 69 2.8 7.7 63 1.6 2.2

East Beechboro Primary School 387 3.6 4.0 398 2.2 3.2

East Butler Primary School 721 4.5 5.2 735 3.5 6.4

East Fremantle Primary School 376 5.4 5.4 398 4.3 4.3

East Hamersley Primary School 183 6.5 6.5 169 5.6 5.6

East Hamilton Hill Primary School 184 2.8 5.3 158 3.4 3.4

East Kalgoorlie Primary School 157 2.8 3.1 147 2.5 2.9

East Kenwick Primary School 421 4.5 8.4 397 3.3 3.8

East Maddington Primary School 354 4.4 9.1 376 2.4 3.2

East Manjimup Primary School 298 4.3 7.6 265 1.7 5.8

East Narrogin Primary School 274 4.3 8.8 251 3.3 8.1


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East Victoria Park Education Support Centre 10 0.6 0.7 6 0.4 0.4

East Victoria Park Primary School 408 4.1 6.7 309 2.3 7.4

East Waikiki Primary School 484 6.9 7.1 492 2.4 2.5

East Wanneroo Primary School 393 4.2 7.9 374 3.4 4.9

Eastern Goldfields College 488 0.9 1.5 515 0.9 0.9

Eastern Goldfields Education Support Centre 23 0.5 0.7 40 1.2 1.2

Eastern Hills Senior High School 756 1.0 1.0 917 1.1 2.1

Eaton Community College 379 1.4 1.6 522 0.9 1.2

Eaton Primary School 377 2.2 3.6 396 1.2 1.3

Eddystone Primary School 337 3.1 3.1 255 2.5 2.6

Eden Hill Primary School 433 5.6 8.7 463 4.0 5.6

Edgewater Primary School 474 5.9 6.1 403 6.3 6.3

Edney Primary School 459 5.7 6.0 376 1.4 1.4

Ellen Stirling Primary School 658 5.3 5.3 736 4.1 5.8

Ellenbrook Primary School 619 8.4 8.7 567 12.9 12.9

Ellenbrook Secondary College 1276 1.3 1.5 1556 1.2 1.3

Embleton Primary School 173 4.0 13.3 136 1.1 1.9

Endeavour Education Support Centre 43 1.5 1.5 39 1.0 1.2

Endeavour Primary School 612 3.0 6.2 551 2.7 4.7

Eneabba Primary School 34 1.4 2.4 30 0.9 0.9

Esperance Primary School 497 3.8 7.2 502 2.2 4.5

Esperance Senior High School 880 1.1 1.1 1039 1.3 1.4

Esperance Senior High School Education Support Centre 14 0.4 0.4 19 0.5 0.8

Excelsior Primary School 520 3.6 7.9 485 3.3 3.8

Exmouth District High School 418 1.7 2.0 477 1.4 1.7

Fairview Primary School 269 5.5 5.5 260 2.1 2.1

Falcon Primary School 553 3.8 5.2 566 3.0 4.5

Falls Road Primary School 255 4.0 6.2 287 2.6 3.0

Fitzroy Valley District High School 307 2.2 2.4 289 2.0 5.4

Flinders Park Primary School 561 3.3 5.1 470 2.1 2.7

Floreat Park Primary School 423 6.7 9.2 511 2.1 3.1

Forest Crescent Primary School 742 5.2 6.6 695 3.8 5.0

Forrestdale Primary School 161 3.0 12.4 161 3.2 6.7

Forrestfield Primary School 189 2.6 3.0 182 1.7 2.6

Frankland River Primary School 53 2.9 4.8 58 2.1 4.8


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Fremantle Language Development Centre 204 3.3 4.1 211 1.9 2.3

Fremantle Primary School 250 5.3 6.1 197 3.0 4.7

Freshwater Bay Primary School 297 2.7 4.4 413 3.6 4.0

Gairdner Primary School 52 1.6 2.6 49 1.3 2.0

Gascoyne Junction Remote Community School 11 0.9 1.8 9 0.3 0.3

Geographe Education Support Centre 47 1.4 1.4 60 0.8 0.8

Geographe Primary School 664 3.6 3.7 560 1.5 1.5

Geraldton Primary School 406 5.2 7.0 357 2.8 3.7

Geraldton Senior College 758 1.0 1.0 931 0.9 1.5

Gibbs Street Primary School 451 6.3 6.3 443 3.2 4.6

Gidgegannup Primary School 260 3.3 6.2 228 3.1 3.1

Gilmore College 943 1.1 1.3 1140 1.6 4.5

Gingin District High School 421 2.5 2.5 386 2.1 2.1

Girrawheen Senior High School 457 1.1 1.3 490 1.6 3.4

Gladys Newton School 91 2.3 2.3 78 1.0 1.0

Glen Forrest Primary School 324 5.4 5.5 311 3.0 3.9

Glen Huon Primary School 481 4.3 5.0 491 3.2 4.0

Glencoe Primary School 460 5.6 17.0 447 5.8 14.4

Glendale Primary School 276 4.0 8.4 327 2.8 3.2

Glengarry Primary School 327 4.3 10.9 367 4.3 4.3

Gnowangerup District High School 149 2.1 3.7 144 1.9 2.5

Golden Bay Primary School 175 1.9 1.9

Goollelal Primary School 268 4.7 5.2 228 2.5 2.8

Goomalling Primary School 75 2.4 3.6 70 1.6 2.3

Gooseberry Hill Primary School 372 3.9 6.5 402 2.8 8.6

Gosnells Primary School 399 3.7 6.8 398 3.3 4.0

Governor Stirling Senior High School 508 1.0 1.1 975 1.5 3.4

Grass Patch Primary School 24 0.9 1.7 4 0.1 0.1

Greenbushes Primary School 56 1.4 2.8 44 1.0 1.1

Greenfields Primary School 429 5.2 5.2 398 5.5 8.1

Greenmount Primary School 425 6.9 10.4 369 4.6 10.5

Greenwood College 724 0.9 0.9 950 2.5 4.7

Greenwood Primary School 346 3.5 5.3 357 1.8 2.3

Grovelands Primary School 392 2.7 3.7 340 2.1 6.4

Guildford Primary School 309 6.6 6.6 320 4.8 8.0

Gwynne Park Education Support Centre 30 0.8 1.4 62 0.8 1.1


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Gwynne Park Primary School 391 3.9 4.1 426 2.1 8.0

Halidon Primary School 289 2.5 3.9 261 2.0 3.1

Halls Creek District High School 414 3.0 3.8 384 4.6 6.2

Halls Head College 714 1.4 1.5 1280 2.6 4.5

Halls Head College Education Support Centre 47 1.0 1.0 69 0.9 1.0

Halls Head Primary School 519 4.2 6.7 465 2.8 2.8

Hamilton Senior High School 594 1.1 1.1 525 0.7 0.8

Hammond Park Primary School 346 1.8 1.8

Hampton Park Primary School 420 5.3 5.6 369 3.2 4.2

Hampton Senior High School 698 1.1 1.3 854 1.5 1.6

Hannans Primary School 414 6.5 15.3 387 2.4 3.5

Harmony Primary School 661 4.0 4.4 665 2.8 2.8

Harvey Primary School 295 3.4 4.5 376 3.1 3.6

Harvey Senior High School 220 1.0 1.1 208 1.1 1.1

Hawker Park Primary School 240 5.9 10.9 209 3.3 6.7

Heathridge Primary School 169 3.1 4.0 163 2.9 3.3

Hedland Senior High School 603 1.2 1.4 878 1.7 1.8

Helena Valley Primary School 293 2.3 7.0 281 1.7 2.5

Herne Hill Primary School 198 3.6 3.9 164 3.5 4.1

High Wycombe Primary School 493 4.7 6.6 448 3.5 4.3

Highgate Primary School 484 4.0 4.8 582 3.8 5.1

Hillarys Primary School 489 6.4 6.4 555 4.2 4.5

Hillcrest Primary School 438 3.5 4.9 380 2.2 3.0

Hillman Primary School 419 3.8 9.3 363 3.5 3.8

Hilton Primary School 152 2.5 3.0 141 2.0 2.2

Hocking Primary School 762 4.0 4.9 667 2.3 4.0

Holland Street School 31 0.9 1.0 40 0.9 1.4

Hollywood Primary School 335 8.8 20.9 303 3.3 3.9

Hopetoun Primary School 197 2.7 6.2 135 1.8 2.8

Hudson Park Primary School 317 2.8 4.5 286 2.3 3.6

Huntingdale Primary School 777 3.2 4.0 721 2.3 2.9

Hyden Primary School 99 2.3 3.1 78 1.1 1.3

Illawarra Primary School 380 5.1 6.4 353 2.2 3.1

Inglewood Primary School 520 4.8 5.3 529 4.0 4.3

Jandakot Primary School 504 4.4 6.3 489 2.4 2.9

Jarrahdale Primary School 107 3.7 9.7 102 3.1 5.7


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Jerdacuttup Primary School 18 1.0 1.2 16 0.5 1.3

Jerramungup District High School 92 1.9 2.4 108 2.9 5.1

Jigalong Remote Community School 95 1.0 1.4 97 1.5 4.2

John Butler Primary College 675

John Curtin College of the Arts 1051 0.8 0.9 1465 1.2 5.4

John Forrest Secondary College 694 0.8 0.9 1081 1.0 2.5

John Tonkin College 1096 1.0 1.1 1124 0.8 1.2

John Willcock College 585 0.9 0.9 867 0.8 0.9

Jolimont Primary School 231 3.3 5.5 234 3.4 4.2

Joondalup Education Support Centre 48 0.5 0.6 50 0.6 0.7

Joondalup Primary School 645 5.6 5.6 498 2.9 2.9

Joseph Banks Secondary College 414 4.6 4.6

Jungdranung Remote Community School 19 1.6 1.6 10 0.4 0.6

Jurien Bay District High School 300 3.9 4.4 314 2.7 3.6

Kalamunda Education Support Centre 31 1.0 1.3 42 1.3 1.3

Kalamunda Primary School 269 2.9 5.8 288 2.5 4.6

Kalamunda Senior High School 838 1.4 1.5 1131 2.3 4.3

Kalamunda Senior High School Education Support Centre 40 0.6 0.8 65 0.7 0.7

Kalannie Primary School 44 1.3 2.0 46 1.4 2.3

Kalbarri District High School 260 1.8 2.6 257 1.3 1.9

Kalgoorlie Primary School 500 3.0 3.4 492 1.7 2.3

Kalgoorlie School of the Air 29 0.6 0.7 36 0.5 1.6

Kalgoorlie-Boulder Community High School 561 1.2 1.2 1036 2.0 3.6

Kalumburu Remote Community School 166 1.2 1.2 149 1.0 1.0

Kambalda Primary School 146 5.6 5.6 120 1.1 1.6

Kambalda West District High School 386 3.3 3.4 315 1.0 1.3

Kapinara Primary School 346 3.7 13.8 394 2.0 3.9

Kardinya Primary School 508 4.7 8.3 411 3.2 5.1

Karratha Primary School 400 3.9 4.0 313 1.8 2.2

Karratha Senior High School 544 1.0 1.1 977 1.6 1.9

Karridale Primary School 66 2.2 3.0 73 1.6 1.7

Karrinyup Primary School 473 7.6 11.0 466 5.3 6.3

Katanning Primary School 258 4.6 7.2 226 2.3 2.7

Katanning Senior High School 373 1.2 1.9 383 1.1 1.3

Kellerberrin District High School 181 2.0 3.7 184 1.3 1.5


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Kelmscott Primary School 417 6.0 9.5 390 3.0 4.3

Kelmscott Senior High School 1423 1.0 1.0 1550 0.9 1.9

Kendenup Primary School 105 3.6 3.6 96 2.0 2.3

Kensington Primary School 453 3.7 5.3 470 1.8 2.6

Kensington Secondary School 41 0.8 0.8 38 0.9 4.2

Kent Street Senior High School 872 1.2 1.3 925 1.5 2.4

Kenwick School 59 1.0 1.4 72 0.9 0.9

Kewdale Primary School 348 4.8 10.5 315 3.4 3.6

Kiara College 405 0.8 0.9 391 0.7 2.2

Kimberley School of the Air 53 1.0 1.0 41 0.7 2.3

Kingsley Primary School 279 3.3 8.2 260 4.2 4.5

Kingston Primary School 762 4.3 4.3 786 2.8 3.2

Kinross College 901 1.9 2.6 707 1.3 2.0

Kinross Primary School 673 3.6 4.5 699 2.1 2.4

Kirup Primary School 52 3.7 17.3 34 1.5 3.8

Kojonup District High School 245 3.6 5.8 254 2.3 5.2

Kondinin Primary School 47 2.9 2.9 33 4.1 4.1

Koondoola Primary School 344 5.5 7.8 339 4.8 7.4

Koorana Education Support Centre 13 0.5 0.7 13 0.6 1.0

Koorana Primary School 449 5.3 5.8 346 2.3 2.6

Koorda Primary School 52 1.6 1.6 37 1.0 1.1

Kukerin Primary School 40 2.4 13.3 43 1.7 2.0

Kulin District High School 124 1.2 1.6 117 1.5 1.5

Kununurra District High School 904 2.2 2.5 981 2.8 2.8

Kyilla Primary School 244 4.0 4.1 274 2.4 5.0

La Grange Remote Community School 215 2.5 2.5 196 1.8 3.2

Lake Grace District High School 152 2.0 2.8 106 1.4 2.5

Lake Gwelup Primary School 446 5.1 8.6 476 3.1 4.4

Lake King Primary School 31 1.2 1.6 45 1.6 1.6

Lake Monger Primary School 182 2.7 3.1 211 1.4 1.4

Lakeland Senior High School 423 1.1 1.1 747 1.6 1.8

Lakelands Primary School 502 3.1 3.1

Lancelin Primary School 153 2.4 2.4 133 1.7 1.9

Landsdale Primary School 784 3.5 5.6 875 3.3 3.9

Latham Primary School 13 1.6 2.2 6 0.3 0.4

Lathlain Primary School 454 7.4 7.4 489 10.0 10.0


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Laverton School 88 1.2 2.2 106 1.1 1.4

Leda Education Support Centre 24 2.0 2.0 35 0.9 1.6

Leda Primary School 494 5.0 5.9 496 5.6 11.3

Leeman Primary School 54 2.3 6.0 44 0.8 1.4

Leeming Primary School 285 4.8 9.8 257 4.1 8.3

Leeming Senior High School 743 0.9 1.0 989 1.5 2.4

Leeming Senior High School Education Support Centre 51 0.9 0.9 79 0.7 1.0

Leinster Community School 174 1.7 3.1 66 1.0 1.2

Leonora District High School 135 1.5 1.5 121 1.0 3.9

Lesmurdie Primary School 265 2.8 4.0 278 2.1 2.3

Lesmurdie Senior High School 827 1.1 1.2 1025 1.2 1.6

Little Grove Primary School 253 2.1 8.2 203 1.8 3.0

Lockridge Primary School 244 2.9 6.1 223 2.3 2.3

Looma Remote Community School 113 1.9 1.9 114 0.9 1.0

Lynwood Senior High School 951 0.9 1.0 1360 1.3 2.8

Maddington Education Support Centre 18 1.0 2.6 28 0.8 0.8

Maddington Primary School 138 1.6 1.6 201 1.3 1.5

Madeley Primary School 444 2.7 2.7 563 2.2 3.5

Maida Vale Primary School 339 5.7 5.7 328 3.3 4.8

Maidens Park Primary School 224 2.9 14.9 186 2.4 5.5

Makybe Rise Primary School 362 8.0 8.0 1098 3.3 3.7

Malibu School 98 1.4 1.5 103 0.8 1.0

Malvern Springs Primary School 268 3.1 3.1 728 3.1 3.1

Mandurah Primary School 225 3.9 7.8 260 4.6 8.7

Manea Senior College 377 1.1 1.1 510 1.1 1.1

Manjimup Education Support Centre 16 0.9 1.6 25 0.7 0.9

Manjimup Primary School 310 2.2 3.3 252 1.4 1.5

Manjimup Senior High School 574 1.0 1.0 586 1.3 1.4

Manning Primary School 354 2.6 3.4 360 2.2 13.8

Marangaroo Primary School 353 4.6 11.4 281 4.0 5.9

Marble Bar Primary School 57 2.7 5.2 34 1.8 4.3

Margaret River Primary School 634 2.7 6.3 832 1.7 2.6

Margaret River Senior High School 576 1.3 1.6 859 1.8 1.9

Marmion Primary School 339 4.8 5.0 393 4.0 4.7

Marri Grove Primary School 737 6.3 10.5 531 3.5 4.2


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Maylands Peninsula Primary School 548 3.9 4.8 636 2.5 2.6

Meadow Springs Education Support Centre 35 0.8 1.1 48 0.8 1.0

Meadow Springs Primary School 488 4.5 4.5 781 2.6 2.6

Meckering Primary School 39 2.8 2.8 28 1.1 1.3

Medina Primary School 175 3.5 5.8 216 3.5 4.2

Meekatharra District High School 165 1.6 6.9 135 1.4 1.6

Meekatharra School of the Air 42 0.8 1.0 30 0.9 1.0

Melville Primary School 660 2.9 5.5 682 2.3 5.3

Melville Senior High School 988 1.0 1.0 1342 1.3 2.1

Menzies Community School 31 1.2 1.3 34 1.1 1.1

Merredin College 631 2.8 3.3 616 1.6 2.2

Merriwa Education Support Centre 27 0.7 0.7 34 0.6 0.6

Merriwa Primary School 514 5.6 9.3 476 3.1 3.1

Middle Swan Primary School 584 3.2 14.2 480 5.0 5.0

Midvale Primary School 323 7.0 7.9 377 1.7 2.1

Miling Primary School 32 1.1 1.3

Millars Well Primary School 475 5.3 5.5 298 2.5 4.5

Millen Primary School 300 4.6 8.3 398 3.1 7.2

Mindarie Primary School 775 5.6 6.2 725 4.0 4.0

Mindarie Senior College 893 1.1 1.2 920 1.2 3.1

Mingenew Primary School 98 2.9 3.8 78 1.8 2.8

Mirrabooka Primary School 297 2.5 3.5 262 1.1 1.8

Mirrabooka Senior High School 527 0.9 1.0 613 1.1 3.3

Mirrabooka Senior High School Education Support Centre 60 0.9 1.0 87 0.6 0.7

Moora Primary School 99 1.3 2.4 88 1.1 1.2

Moorditj Noongar Community College 93 3.0 3.0 72 2.2 2.3

Moorine Rock Primary School 40 1.4 1.7 27 0.7 0.8

Morawa District High School 228 1.6 1.7 241 1.1 1.7

Morley Primary School 220 5.1 6.7 180 2.8 3.3

Morley Senior High School 849 0.9 0.9 1114 1.7 2.4

Mosman Park Primary School 291 3.3 3.7 344 2.3 4.0

Mosman Park School for Deaf Children 25 4.2 8.3 14 0.7 0.7

Mount Barker Community College 686 1.9 1.9 719 2.1 2.4

Mount Claremont Primary School 169 2.0 2.0 154 1.7 1.8

Mount Hawthorn Education Support Centre 18 0.6 0.7 20 0.5 0.7


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Mount Hawthorn Primary School 724 6.1 10.3 798 4.3 5.1

Mount Helena Primary School 275 6.1 7.1 187 5.5 5.5

Mount Lawley Primary School 494 4.7 4.9 473 2.3 2.5

Mount Lawley Senior High School 1396 1.1 1.2 1544 1.2 3.9

Mount Lockyer Primary School 472 6.9 6.9 527 3.3 3.4

Mount Magnet District High School 111 2.0 2.0 125 1.7 1.7

Mount Manypeaks Primary School 22 1.0 2.0 29 0.8 1.4

Mount Margaret Remote Community School 22 0.8 3.1 19 0.5 1.0

Mount Pleasant Primary School 396 2.6 4.4 388 1.8 3.5

Mount Tarcoola Primary School 617 6.9 8.6 470 2.5 3.1

Mukinbudin District High School 84 1.6 1.7 74 0.8 0.8

Mullaloo Beach Primary School 283 4.6 5.8 304 3.1 5.1

Mullaloo Heights Primary School 220 3.1 3.5 229 2.9 3.3

Mullewa District High School 88 2.0 4.2 101 2.4 3.6

Muludja Remote Community School 35 3.5 5.8 34 0.6 0.8

Mundaring Primary School 286 4.7 4.7 314 2.4 2.9

Mundijong Primary School 205 2.8 4.3 149 2.7 5.7

Munglinup Primary School 21 1.3 1.3 14 0.4 0.4

Nannup District High School 120 0.9 1.2 117 0.8 1.1

Narembeen District High School 124 1.1 1.1 120 0.7 0.7

Narrogin Primary School 344 8.2 8.2 306 3.9 3.9

Narrogin Senior High School 595 1.2 1.2 769 1.3 1.4

Nedlands Primary School 548 5.1 6.1 527 2.9 3.3

Neerabup Primary School 412 12.9 45.8 471 6.0 7.4

Neerigen Brook Primary School 356 1.9 3.2 407 2.3 3.3

Newborough Primary School 407 6.0 6.8 386 2.9 3.6

Newdegate Primary School 57 2.0 4.1 46 1.2 2.0

Newman Primary School 295 2.5 3.6 239 1.2 1.4

Newman Senior High School 243 0.7 0.9 304 0.9 1.7

Newton Moore Education Support Centre 51 1.1 1.3 63 0.6 0.8

Newton Moore Senior High School 611 0.9 1.0 817 1.2 1.6

Newton Primary School 270 5.5 10.8 238 3.3 7.9

Ngaanyatjarra Lands School 308 2.0 2.0 303 1.1 1.4

Ngalapita Remote Community School 32 1.2 1.2 13 0.3 0.5

Nollamara Primary School 319 4.8 5.4 235 1.7 2.0

Noranda Primary School 387 2.8 4.7 373 2.7 2.7


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Norseman District High School 146 2.0 2.2 144 1.6 1.7

North Albany Senior High School 429 1.0 1.0 715 1.3 1.3

North Balga Primary School 214 3.2 9.3 195 1.8 2.2

North Beach Primary School 401 9.1 10.8 365 3.3 3.3

North Cottesloe Primary School 395 3.6 5.5 389 2.5 3.9

North Dandalup Primary School 94 2.2 3.9 108 2.7 4.9

North East Metropolitan Language Development Centre 203 3.8 4.1 239 3.1 4.3

North Fremantle Primary School 113 5.1 11.3 133 2.6 4.3

North Kalgoorlie Primary School 657 7.1 10.6 526 3.5 5.3

North Lake Senior Campus 311 0.6 0.7 342 0.6 0.7

North Mandurah Primary School 505 2.4 7.8 397 3.3 10.4

North Morley Primary School 225 3.9 5.2 204 2.1 3.0

North Parmelia Primary School 352 4.0 5.0 341 2.6 3.7

North Perth Primary School 397 6.1 7.5 435 5.1 9.7

North Tom Price Primary School 267 3.2 6.4 245 1.5 1.9

North Woodvale Primary School 442 5.8 11.6 392 3.7 4.6

Northam Primary School 440 7.1 7.2 327 3.9 4.0

Northam Senior High School 604 1.0 1.0 720 1.4 2.6

Northampton District High School 104 1.9 2.0 119 0.9 1.3

Northcliffe District High School 90 2.1 2.4 82 0.9 1.5

Nullagine Primary School 52 4.7 13.0 39 1.4 2.1

Nulsen Primary School 326 5.1 5.1 219 2.2 2.2

Nungarin Primary School 31 2.6 21 0.5 0.5

Nyabing Primary School 30 1.3 1.6 37 2.2 2.2

Oberthur Primary School 417 3.8 5.7 587 3.8 5.9

Ocean Reef Primary School 392 5.9 7.1 333 2.6 3.3

Ocean Reef Senior High School 1227 1.1 1.2 1239 1.8 2.5

Ocean Road Primary School 517 5.4 8.3 577 4.1 7.7

O'connor Education Support Centre 27 1.1 1.4 17 0.5 0.7

O'connor Primary School 779 5.8 8.8 759 2.4 2.9

One Arm Point Remote Community School 99 2.5 3.1 94 0.8 0.8

Ongerup Primary School 39 1.2 2.1 24 0.8 1.4

Onslow Primary School 131 1.8 1.9 127 1.3 1.3

Orange Grove Primary School 121 3.4 5.5 137 2.4 3.0

Orelia Primary School 318 6.8 14.5 343 1.7 2.4


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Osborne Primary School 191 4.0 6.6 198 5.2 8.3

Padbury Primary School 181 2.8 36.2 133 3.0 4.6

Palmyra Primary School 473 3.8 5.8 500 2.5 3.4

Pannawonica Primary School 114 2.5 6.0 139 3.4 4.0

Paraburdoo Primary School 292 1.8 2.9 261 0.9 0.9

Parkerville Primary School 307 3.3 6.1 303 1.9 2.4

Parkfield Primary School 704 5.7 11.5 576 3.3 3.8

Parkwood Primary School 559 2.8 9.3 506 2.0 2.5

Pearsall Primary School 372

Peel Language Development School 215 5.0 6.1 236 2.5 3.4

Pegs Creek Primary School 309 4.4 4.7 255 1.9 2.4

Pemberton District High School 180 3.2 3.2 187 1.1 1.1

Perenjori Primary School 45 1.0 1.0 43 0.8 1.0

Perth Modern School 979 1.1 1.3 1311 0.7 0.8

Phoenix Primary School 217 1.9 3.4 189 1.8 5.4

Pia Wadjarri Remote Community School 21 1.3 1.6 19 0.6 0.6

Piara Waters Primary School 309 5.2 5.2 851 7.5 7.5

Pickering Brook Primary School 123 3.6 6.2 145 2.6 3.6

Picton Primary School 246 4.0 5.6 133 3.2 11.1

Pingelly Primary School 165 4.2 4.7 122 2.3 24.4

Pingrup Primary School 26 1.6 2.9 23 1.0 1.0

Pinjarra Primary School 693 3.2 3.3 661 3.1 3.2

Pinjarra Senior High School 573 1.0 1.0 822 1.4 1.7

Port Hedland Primary School 446 2.9 3.0 476 2.4 2.4

Port Hedland School of the Air 39 1.4 1.4 42 1.4 1.4

Port Kennedy Primary School 659 5.8 8.0 551 2.6 4.3

Poseidon Primary School 262 2.3 6.0 284 4.2 4.2

Poynter Primary School 438 4.7 5.6 493 2.1 3.0

Quairading District High School 159 1.6 1.6 144 1.4 1.4

Queens Park Primary School 198 3.2 4.3 222 1.9 2.0

Quinns Beach Primary School 756 9.6 15.1 550 2.8 2.9

Quinns Rocks Primary School 381 3.7 3.9 371 4.7 4.8

Ranford Primary School 572 3.4 4.7 569 2.2 2.8

Rangeway Primary School 513 4.8 4.8 496 2.2 2.8

Ravensthorpe District High School 147 1.6 2.0 132 1.1 1.1

Rawlinson Primary School 655 2.0 40.9 537 1.9 2.5


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Redcliffe Primary School 271 3.7 6.5 227 2.5 2.5

Richmond Primary School 411 4.9 4.9 405 3.1 3.1

River Valley Primary School 98 3.9 3.9 68 1.4 1.4

Riverside Education Support Centre 50 2.1 2.5 45 0.7 0.8

Riverside Primary School 627 5.2 9.8 480 3.5 7.6

Riverton Education Support Centre 19 0.8 0.9 19 0.5 0.5

Riverton Primary School 531 4.2 4.9 559 2.5 2.9

Rockingham Beach Education Support Centre 20 0.6 0.8 42 0.7 0.8

Rockingham Beach Primary School 468 5.3 5.3 510 3.5 3.6

Rockingham Lakes Primary School 680 7.0 11.1 670 4.1 4.8

Rockingham Senior High School 838 0.9 1.1 949 1.2 3.0

Rockingham Senior High School Education Support Centre 61 0.9 0.9 68 0.7 0.7

Roebourne District High School 177 1.8 2.9 183 1.2 1.2

Roebuck Primary School 660 5.6 5.9 549 4.1 6.0

Roleystone Community College 704 2.9 4.1 784 3.4 4.0

Rosalie Primary School 504 2.8 6.6 520 2.8 4.3

Roseworth Education Support Centre 24 0.5 0.6 29 0.6 0.7

Roseworth Primary School 383 1.6 2.8 364 1.0 1.3

Rossmoyne Primary School 473 4.0 4.4 421 2.4 4.1

Rossmoyne Senior High School 1661 1.1 1.1 2087 1.8 1.8

Rostrata Primary School 748 3.5 5.5 768 2.2 3.0

Safety Bay Primary School 685 5.9 5.9 721 3.6 3.6

Safety Bay Senior High School 954 1.1 1.1 1164 1.3 1.7

Salmon Gums Primary School 29 2.1 2.1 34 0.9 0.9

Samson Primary School 417 4.9 4.9 371 3.0 3.0

Sawyers Valley Primary School 190 3.5 3.9 176 2.0 2.2

Scaddan Primary School 34 1.2 1.2 28 0.9 1.3

Scarborough Primary School 155 2.7 5.7 135 2.0 2.0

Seaforth Primary School 251 2.5 2.8 223 1.9 2.1

Secret Harbour Primary School 707 4.7 7.4 670 3.2 4.4

Serpentine Primary School 258 3.9 4.3 264 3.5 5.2

Settlers Primary School 1020 2.9 3.5 801 3.1 3.9

Sevenoaks Senior College 531 0.8 0.9 483 0.8 0.9

Shark Bay School 75 1.4 2.6 96 1.7 1.9

Shelley Primary School 419 3.2 5.0 372 2.0 6.0


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Shenton College 1291 1.1 1.2 1875 1.5 2.5

Shenton College Deaf Education Centre 27 1.1 1.4 30 1.4 6.0

Singleton Primary School 766 7.2 8.2 621 1.0 1.0

Sir David Brand School 53 1.8 2.0 57 1.2 1.9

Somerly Primary School 527 6.9 7.5 513 3.9 4.1

Sorrento Primary School 435 5.6 7.8 447 3.3 4.0

South Ballajura Education Support Centre 31 1.5 2.2 44 0.9 1.0

South Ballajura Primary School 535 6.4 6.7 465 2.9 3.8

South Bunbury Education Support Centre 45 1.5 2.0 66 0.9 1.3

South Bunbury Primary School 404 4.2 5.4 386 5.4 8.2

South Coogee Primary School 472 3.7 7.2 468 2.9 3.3

South East Metropolitan Language Development Centre 199 4.6 10.5 226 3.1 4.0

South Fremantle Senior High School 312 0.9 1.1 469 1.4 4.0

South Halls Head Primary School 616 4.7 10.6 601 3.1 3.8

South Hedland Primary School 242 1.9 2.2 219 1.2 1.6

South Kalgoorlie Primary School 590 4.9 11.6 557 1.8 2.8

South Lake Primary School 362 2.5 3.5 280 2.0 3.5

South Newman Primary School 477 2.3 3.5 430 1.7 2.3

South Padbury Primary School 321 5.4 5.9 318 2.1 14.5

South Perth Primary School 445 3.6 6.4 397 3.9 4.6

South Stirling Primary School 24 0.8 3.0 19 0.5 1.0

South Thornlie Primary School 567 3.9 10.3 499 1.5 2.0

Southern Cross District High School 119 2.7 2.7 104 1.1 1.2

Southern River College 471 1.2 1.3 985 1.6 3.5

Southwell Primary School 99 1.7 2.8 117 1.7 4.3

Spearwood Alternative School 101 3.4 5.1 92 3.2 4.2

Spearwood Primary School 236 4.2 59.0 185 3.1 4.0

Spencer Park Education Support Centre 14 1.0 1.2 25 1.5 1.7

Spencer Park Primary School 395 5.1 7.9 346 3.8 4.1

Spring Hill Primary School 494 12.0 12.0 609 6.5 10.7

Springfield Primary School 434 4.1 5.2 391 2.7 4.1

Subiaco Primary School 551 3.4 4.1 599 3.2 3.4

Success Primary School 635 5.2 5.2 692 2.8 2.8

Sutherland Dianella Primary School 315 5.3 5.3 303 4.3 4.3

Swan View Primary School 425 3.5 6.3 353 3.5 5.1


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Swan View Senior High School 399 0.7 0.9 601 1.3 3.1

Swanbourne Primary School 399 2.3 3.0 468 23.4

Takari Primary School 222 6.0 7.4 188 2.0 2.1

Tambellup Primary School 114 4.1 4.1 81 2.3 2.3

Tambrey Primary School 641 6.1 11.4 516 2.1 2.5

Tammin Primary School 71 2.5 3.1 52 2.3 10.4

Tapping Primary School 703 4.1 6.2 772 2.9 3.1

Thornlie Primary School 363 3.2 7.4 358 3.4 4.2

Thornlie Senior High School 1005 1.1 1.2 1134 1.2 2.3

Three Springs Primary School 83 2.3 4.9 84 1.1 1.3

Tincurrin Primary School 8 1.3 10 0.8 1.7

Tjuntjuntjara Remote Community School 54 1.4 1.4 32 0.9 0.9

Tom Price Primary School 311 3.5 6.2 291 2.1 3.7

Tom Price Senior High School 246 1.0 1.6 303 1.1 2.5

Toodyay District High School 432 4.8 6.5 386 4.1 4.1

Tranby Primary School 181 4.1 5.0 160 2.5 3.0

Trayning Primary School 56 1.2 1.2 39 5.6 5.6

Treendale Primary School 297 3.9 3.9

Tuart College 313 0.6 0.6 213 0.5 0.5

Tuart Forest Primary School 441 2.4 2.4

Tuart Hill Primary School 342 4.2 6.3 382 2.9 3.5

Tuart Rise Primary School 408 2.0 2.0

Two Rocks Primary School 376 3.2 3.9 423 2.5 2.5

Upper Swan Primary School 392 3.4 16.3 390 10.8 10.8

Useless Loop Primary School 33 2.1 2.8 20 0.8 2.5

Vasse Primary School 479 5.4 8.3 590 2.4

Victoria Park Primary School 328 5.7 11.7 397 1.8 2.0

Waddington Primary School 115 2.3 2.3 128 1.0 1.0

Waggrakine Primary School 433 2.0 2.4 475 1.4 1.5

Wagin District High School 276 2.4 3.1 296 2.8 2.8

Waikiki Primary School 436 5.9 5.9 402 1.8

Walkaway Primary School 82 3.9 4.1 69 1.8 2.0

Walliston Primary School 263 3.8 5.2 182 2.3 2.4

Walpole Primary School 97 2.9 9.7 67 1.3 2.0

Wananami Remote Community School 28 2.0 14.0 46 1.3 1.4

Wandering Primary School 42 1.9 2.1 29 1.0 1.5


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Wandina Primary School 274 1.6 1.6

Wangkatjungka Remote Community School 82 2.0 2.2 75 1.1 1.6

Wanneroo Primary School 582 4.4 7.6 500 2.1 2.5

Wanneroo Secondary College 887 1.0 1.1 1192 1.3 1.8

Warnbro Community High School 1207 1.1 1.4 1237 1.4 2.3

Warnbro Community High School Education Support Centre 77 1.2 1.2 82 0.6 0.8

Warnbro Primary School 484 4.4 7.3 478 2.7 2.8

Waroona District High School 274 2.5 3.5 293 2.4 3.0

Warriapendi Primary School 207 3.7 5.2 187 1.4 1.6

Warwick Senior High School 460 0.9 0.9 663 1.6 3.6

Watheroo Primary School 49 2.1 3.8 41 1.2 1.5

Wattle Grove Primary School 435 2.8 6.7 594 2.2 2.9

Weld Square Primary School 175 1.7 1.8 171 0.6 0.6

Wellstead Primary School 22 1.0 3.7 21 0.8 1.0

Wembley Downs Primary School 365 3.4 5.7 406 1.6 6.0

Wembley Primary School 719 7.1 7.1 780 2.6 2.6

West Balcatta Primary School 484 8.8 40.3 501 5.7 6.0

West Beechboro Primary School 451 3.3 3.9 464 2.3 2.4

West Busselton Primary School 424 3.5 4.9 401 3.5 3.5

West Byford Primary School 828 3.5 3.5

West Coast Language Development Centre 239 5.3 7.7 285 4.3 7.1

West Greenwood Primary School 440 2.9 4.3 425 2.0 2.8

West Leederville Primary School 385 3.3 4.0 490 3.1 7.0

West Leeming Primary School 482 5.4 5.9 472 4.5 5.2

West Morley Primary School 212 6.8 19.3 260 3.7 5.2

West Northam Primary School 143 4.5 4.5 136 0.9 1.0

Western Australian College of Agriculture - Cunderdin 121 0.8 0.9 126 0.6 1.1

Western Australian College of Agriculture - Denmark 92 1.4 2.8 130 2.6 3.3

Western Australian College of Agriculture - Harvey 119 1.0 1.1 143 1.5 4.8

Western Australian College of Agriculture - Morawa 63 0.7 0.8 74 0.8 1.4

Western Australian College of Agriculture - Narrogin 109 0.8 0.8 131 0.8 0.8

Westfield Park Primary School 272 6.0 7.6 273 4.5 7.2

Westminster Education Support Centre 23 0.6 0.9 35 0.9 5.0

Westminster Junior Primary School 278 4.2 4.6 280 2.6 3.1

Westminster Primary School 174 4.4 5.6 111 1.7 1.9


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White Gum Valley Primary School 240 2.9 5.5 264 1.5 2.1

Wickepin Primary School 42 1.5 3.5 55 1.4 2.8

Wickham Primary School 314 3.4 10.1 288 5.1 9.6

Willandra Primary School 658 6.7 10.0 549 5.4 9.6

Willetton Primary School 528 3.5 3.7 539 3.5 4.2

Willetton Senior High School 1736 0.9 1.0 2226 1.1 4.3

Williams Primary School 112 4.0 4.9 126 3.4 3.4

Wilson Park Primary School 102 2.1 5.1 115 3.4 3.8

Wilson Primary School 333 5.2 5.2 306 2.0 10.6

Wiluna Remote Community School 91 1.9 3.8 103 2.0 14.7

Winterfold Primary School 259 8.1 8.6 282 2.6 2.6

Winthrop Primary School 734 4.7 6.2 642 3.9 5.1

Wirrabirra Education Support Centre 22 1.0 1.5 28 0.6 0.6

Wirrabirra Primary School 460 5.4 10.0 398 3.8 13.3

Wongan Hills District High School 229 2.6 3.2 245 2.3 3.2

Woodanilling Primary School 20 1.5 2.2 11 0.6 0.8

Woodbridge Primary School 323 4.5 23.1 347 2.6 5.3

Woodlands Primary School 365 3.7 17.4 471 2.1 2.6

Woodlupine Primary School 441 4.2 6.2 312 1.3 1.5

Woodvale Primary School 462 2.6 3.3 390 2.2 2.7

Woodvale Secondary College 1479 0.8 0.9 1557 0.6 0.8

Wooroloo Primary School 44 2.0 44.0 86 2.2 2.9

Wundowie Primary School 106 2.9 6.2 79 2.9 13.2

Wyalkatchem District High School 96 2.2 2.3 88 0.7 0.7

Wyndham District High School 155 1.9 3.5 135 1.9 10.4

Yakamia Primary School 516 3.2 3.6 458 1.7 2.7

Yale Primary School 574 4.6 9.0 527 4.9 5.7

Yalgoo Primary School 31 2.6 6.2 25 2.1 2.1

Yanchep Beach Primary School 489 4.0 4.0

Yanchep District High School 692 2.6 2.8 667 0.7 0.7

Yandeyarra Remote Community School 36 1.0 1.0 27 0.7 0.7

Yangebup Primary School 318 3.6 6.6 268 3.1 4.8

Yarloop Primary School 47 2.8 4.7 57 1.5 1.5

Yealering Primary School 30 1.3 1.4 25 0.9 2.3

Yerecoin Primary School 34 2.3 3.1 45 1.3 3.2

Yokine Primary School 282 4.8 20.1 275 5.4 5.4


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York District High School 475 3.1 3.5 516 1.0 1.0

Yule Brook College 170 1.4 2.1 242 0.7 1.0

Yulga Jinna Remote Community School 19 2.4 13 0.9 0.9

Yuluma Primary School 218 3.3 3.8 204 2.1 3.2

Yuna Primary School 26 1.7 1.9 31 3.4

Auditor General’s Reports

Report No. Reports 2016 Date Tabled

18 Opinions on Ministerial Notifications 11 August 2016

17 Financial and Performance Information in Annual Reports 21 July 2016

16 Grant Administration 7 July 2016

15 Management of Feedback from Public Trustee Represented Persons

30 June 2016

14 Management of Marine Parks and Reserves 30 June 2016

13 Maintaining the State Road Network – Follow-on Audit 29 June 2016

12 Regulation of Builders and Building Surveyors 22 June 2016

11 Information Systems Audit Report 22 June 2016

10 Opinions on Ministerial Notification 8 June 2016

9 Payment of Construction Subcontractors – Perth Children’s Hospital

8 June 2016

8 Delivering Services Online 25 May 2016

7 Fitting and Maintaining Safety Devices in Public Housing – Follow-up

11 May 2016

6 Audit of Payroll and other Expenditure using Data Analytic Procedures

10 May 2016

5

Audit Results Report – Annual 2015 Financial Audits – Universities and state training providers – Other audits completed since 1 November 2015; and Opinion on Ministerial Notification

10 May 2016

4 Land Asset Sales Program 6 April 2016

3 Management of Government Concessions 16 March 2016

2 Consumable Stock Management in Hospitals 24 February 2016

1

Supplementary report

Health Department’s Procurement and Management of its Centralised Computing Services Contract

8 June 2016

17 February 2016

Office of the Auditor General Western Australia 7th Floor Albert Facey House 469 Wellington Street, Perth Mail to: Perth BC, PO Box 8489 PERTH WA 6849 T: 08 6557 7500 F: 08 6557 7600 E: [email protected] W: www.audit.wa.gov.au

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