Western Civ. 9.17.2007Western Civ. 9.17.2007 Objective: Objective: To gain an understanding of the key differences between To gain an understanding of the key differences between

the Peloponnesian and Persian Wars, and to identify the causes of the the Peloponnesian and Persian Wars, and to identify the causes of the decline of the Greeks.decline of the Greeks.

Agenda:Agenda: Talk about testTalk about test Review session: Tuesday 6:45- 7:10 am in room C-8.Review session: Tuesday 6:45- 7:10 am in room C-8.

• Bring any questions you have—the review is driven by Bring any questions you have—the review is driven by youryour questions. questions. Persian War and the Geography of ThermopylaePersian War and the Geography of Thermopylae PericlesPericles Peloponnesian WarPeloponnesian War Decline of the GreeksDecline of the Greeks (2(2ndnd hour: Greek alphabet) hour: Greek alphabet)

Homework: Homework: Study for the Unit I Greece Exam on Wednesday.Study for the Unit I Greece Exam on Wednesday.

Persian WarsPersian Wars

CausesCauses Persian rule over Ionian city-states—hostilityPersian rule over Ionian city-states—hostility Ionians attempt to revolt, aided by Athens. Ionians attempt to revolt, aided by Athens.

This angers Persians.This angers Persians. War begins as an act of retaliation against the War begins as an act of retaliation against the

Athenians and their allies.Athenians and their allies.

Persian WarsPersian Wars EventsEvents

490 BCE- Marathon- Athenians severely 490 BCE- Marathon- Athenians severely outnumbered, beat the Persians in hand to outnumbered, beat the Persians in hand to hand combathand combat

480 BCE- Salamis- Greeks under Spartan 480 BCE- Salamis- Greeks under Spartan leadership (King Leonidas). Greeks used leadership (King Leonidas). Greeks used Thermopylae to delay Persians and prepare Thermopylae to delay Persians and prepare for a naval attack.for a naval attack.• 31 city-states allied (Hellenic League)31 city-states allied (Hellenic League)• Persians victorious at Thermopylae, and burn an Persians victorious at Thermopylae, and burn an

abandoned Athensabandoned Athens• Greeks win naval battle at SalamisGreeks win naval battle at Salamis

479 BCE- Greek infantry drive Persians back479 BCE- Greek infantry drive Persians back

The Geography of ThermopylaThe Geography of Thermopylaee

Persian WarsPersian Wars

Reasons for Greek victoryReasons for Greek victory City-states act as alliesCity-states act as allies Superior weaponsSuperior weapons Resourceful use of topography/geographyResourceful use of topography/geography Commitment to the ideal of political freedomCommitment to the ideal of political freedom

Does this remind you of anything from Does this remind you of anything from United States history?United States history?

PericlesPericles

"I claim that our city is an education to all Greece."

PericlesPericles

Athens’ leading politician of the Golden Athens’ leading politician of the Golden Age (450’s BCE)Age (450’s BCE)

Began rebuilding Athens after Persian WarBegan rebuilding Athens after Persian War Unofficial leader of the Delian LeagueUnofficial leader of the Delian League

Started in 470’s BCEStarted in 470’s BCE Had a common treasuryHad a common treasury Sparta does not joinSparta does not join

Emergence of Athenian “empire”Emergence of Athenian “empire”

Peloponnesian WarPeloponnesian War

Causes:Causes: Growing influence of Athens caused an anti-Growing influence of Athens caused an anti-

Athens alliance to formAthens alliance to form Persian threat still strong. Sparta makes a Persian threat still strong. Sparta makes a

deal with Persia for $ to increase naval deal with Persia for $ to increase naval strengthstrength

Military Forces of Athens and Sparta in 431 BCEMilitary Forces of Athens and Sparta in 431 BCE

Peloponnesian WarPeloponnesian War

431-404 BCE431-404 BCE Allies of Athens vs. Allies of SpartaAllies of Athens vs. Allies of Sparta

(Delian League)(Delian League) (Peloponnesian League) (Peloponnesian League) Plague in Athens 430-426 BCEPlague in Athens 430-426 BCE Athenian use bold/risky tacticsAthenian use bold/risky tactics Spartans devastate Athens’ agricultural baseSpartans devastate Athens’ agricultural base Spartans dominate Athens at sea and Spartans dominate Athens at sea and

Athens forced to surrenderAthens forced to surrender

Decline of Ancient GreeceDecline of Ancient Greece

Athens’ emergence as a dominant city-state Athens’ emergence as a dominant city-state spurred conflict with Spartaspurred conflict with Sparta

Plague in AthensPlague in Athens Athens defeated by SpartaAthens defeated by Sparta Spartans install an undemocratic government Spartans install an undemocratic government

in Athensin Athens Economy devastated from Pelop. WarEconomy devastated from Pelop. War Macedonians threaten a weakened Greece Macedonians threaten a weakened Greece

in 350’s BCEin 350’s BCE