Today’s Topics

• Review: The Market Revolution

• The 2nd Great Awakening

• The Age of Jackson

1

Quiz Geography

• Slaves states

• 1820 Missouri Comprise

• Mississippi River

• Free States

• Texas

2

Population Distribution, 1790 and 1850 By 1850, high population density characterized parts of the Midwest as well

as the Northeast.

1900 Census of Population, Statistical Atlas, plates 2 and 8. 3

Canada

MEXICO

• 1790 4,636,074

• 1803 5,764,731

• 1810 6,122,364

• 1820 6,204,000

• 1836 7,843,132

• 1838 7,004,140

• 1842 7,015,509

• 1846 7,000,000

• 1850 7,500,000

• 1857 8,247,660

4

• 1806 391,899

• 1840 593,025

• 1861 3,174,442

5

6

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition

Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company

Map 9.2 The Market Revolution: Western Settlement, 1800-1820 7

• Roads and Steamboats

• The Erie Canal

8

Map 9.1 The Market Revolution: Roads and Canals, 1840

• Railroads and the Telegraph

9

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition

Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company

Map 9.2 The Market Revolution: Western Settlement, 1800-1820 10

• The Cotton Kingdom

11 Map 9.4 The Market Revolution : the spread of cotton

cultivation, 1820–1840

• The Growth of Cities

12

Five Points District, artist unknown, c. 1829 Working-class neighborhoods like the infamous Five Points District in New York, shown in this anonymous 1829 picture, were filthy, unhealthy, and crime-ridden.

Five Points District, artist unknown, c. 1829

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 13

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Idp7fLSo-nE

– Industry

• Samuel Slater, first textile mill 1790

• 1813 Boston Manufacturing Company, Lowell Mill

14

Middlesex Company Woolen Mills, Lowell, Massachusetts, c. 1848, artist unknown (Museum of American Textile History)

• The Factory System

15

• The “Mill Girls”

16 A broadside from 1853, illustrating the

long hours of work

Women at work tending machines

in the Lowell

textile mills.

17

1820s Nile’s Weekly Register

“The American Republic invites nobody to come. We will keep out nobody. Arrivals will suffer no disadvantages as aliens. But they can expect no advantage either. Native-born and foreign-born face equal opportunities. What happens to them depends entirely on their individual ability and exertions, and on good fortune.” John Quincy Adams

A History of the American People

18

19

Immigration • The Irish

• 1. Three waves of Irish immigration:

• 2. Enter work force at the bottom

• 3. Compete with blacks and native-born

20

Immigration • The Germans

• 1. German immigrants represent diverse religions, classes, occupations

• 2. Cluster in German neighborhoods; build ethnic institutions

21

Anti-Catholicism, Nativism, and Labor Protest

• 1. Heavy Catholic immigration produces Protestant backlash; nativist, anti-Catholic

• 2. 1850s, a nativist society, Order of the Star-Spangled Banner, becomes Know-Nothing Party, an important political party

• 3. 1844, anti-Catholic "Bible Riots" in Philadelphia

• 4. native-born workers fear job competition from Catholic immigrant workers

22

The Rise and Fall of the Know-Nothings

• In the 1830s nativists attacked Catholic immigrants, asserting that America’s republican values could not survive contact with a large, foreign-born Catholic population. These Protestants insisted that republicanism required a virtuous, educated, and free-spirited electorate, the opposite of how they portrayed Catholics: as superstitious, ignorant, and priest-ridden puppets. Anti-Catholicism had a long history in America, rooted in England’s struggles against Catholic Spain and France and the Puritan journey across the ocean to escape the Church of England’s “Romish” trappings.

Courtesy of the Massachusetts Historical Society 23

• The Growth of Immigration

• Irish and German Newcomers

24

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UM4UWh9EwKA

24mins

2nd Great Awakening

25

• Second Great Awakening 1790s-1840

– Begins in New England

– Camp Meetings & 1801 Kentucky

26

Religious Camp Meeting, a watercolor from the late 1830s

• Charles Finney & rejected predestination

– Anyone could achieve salvation

– Reached out to women

27

“Burned-Over District” New York

28

Mormons • Mormonism

– Joseph Smith

– Book of Mormon

– Persecution

• Polygamy

• Brigham Young

• Mormon Trail to Utah • https://familysearch.org/search/collection/location/1

29

Today’s Topics

• Age of Jackson 1828-1832

30

Age of Jackson

• Describe the political changes that occurred

during the Age of Jackson.

• How did the concept of democracy change?

• How does Jackson’s view of democracy differ from that of the Founding Fathers?

– Hartford Convention 1814 • Increase New England’s power in the Union

• Talk of secession from the U.S.

• Backlash against the Federalist Party

32

Era of Good Feelings 1817-1824

33

Missouri Compromise and the State of the Union, 1820

34

– Missouri Compromise 1820

• Henry Clay

• Missouri slave state

• Maine free state

• Prohibits slavery in Louisiana territory north of 36 30 latitude

35

The compromise worked out by House Speaker Henry Clay established a

formula that avoided debate over whether new states would allow or prohibit slavery. In the process, it divided the United States into northern and southern regions.

Missouri Compromise and the State of the Union, 1820

36

37

38

– Monroe Doctrine 1823

• John Quincy Adams

• U.S. pledged to stay out of European affairs.

• European nations will not interfere with independent nations in the western hemisphere.

• New European colonization in the western hemisphere prohibited

• Foundation of U.S. Foreign policy

39

Foreign Observers

Alexis de Tocquervile

• 1835 Democracy in America

Lorenzo de Zavala

• 1831 Journey to the United States of North America

40

Questions for discussion

• What are Tocqueville’s main observations about life in America during the 1830s?

• Are these observations still relevant today? Why? Why not?

41

Memphis Brooks Museum of Art, Memphis, TN, Memphis Park Commission Purchase

Andrew Jackson, by Ralph Earl

42

43

44

45

Jacksonian Democracy

• “Old Hickory” man of the people

• End of property qualifications for voting

• Democratization does not extend to women and African-Americans

46

Election of 1824

Election of 1828

The Election of 1828

.

Rise of Jackson • Andrew Jackson • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UqzPdWbo-Gs&list=PLB6479764103EC575&index=1

50

• 1828 South Carolina Exposition and Protest

– Response to Tariff of Abomination

– Tariff violated Constitution

– States’ rights to nullify

• John C. Calhoun

51

• Opposition to Jackson

– Whigs

52

53

American Progress 1872

54

The Removal of the Native Americans to the West, 1820–1840