what are minerals and rocks
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Minerals & rocksTRANSCRIPT
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What are the properties
minerals and rocks?
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Solid, natural material formed from non-living things in .
Minerals
GoldDiamond Graphite
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Minerals are made of:
1 Element (a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances)
or more
Example of elements:Oxygen
GoldIron
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In nature
Minerals can be found:
Ex. Iron can be found in a rock called ore.
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But:Steel is combination of iron and
carbon (made by people)
So, it is not a mineral
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Properties of minerals
1) Streak 2) hardness 3) Luster
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1 )StreakColor of the powder left behind when a mineral
is rubbed against a rough surface
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2 )Hardness(Mohs scale)
Copper
Talc Quartz Diamond
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3 )Luster(The way the mineral reflects light from its
surface)
Luster can be 2 types.
Metallic luster(Shiny)
Non-Metallic luster(Dull)
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Metallic luster(Shiny)
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Non-Metallic luster
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FractureWhen the mineral has rough surface
Breaks in minerals can also help identify them
CleavageWhen the mineral
has smooth surface
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Rocks are put into groups according to how they are formed (made)
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Types of rocks
1) Sedimentary
rocks
2) Igneous rocks
3) Metamorphic
rocks
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Sedimentary rocks1
- Formed when materials settle into layers.
Example:
Sandstone Limestone
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Wind and water break the rocks into small pieces.
Wind and water carries bits of rock and soil away.
Bits of rock and soil settle into layers.
After a long time, layers harden into rocks.
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Igneous rocks2
- Formed when rocks melt and then cool.
1) Sedimentary rocks are pushed under the earth crust where heat and pressure turns them to magma.
2) Magma comes out of a volcano and cools to form Igneous rocks.
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IfIgneous rocks cool
down quickly
Look like glassExample:Obsidian
Igneous rocks cools down slowly
Has large grainsExample:Granite