What are the 6 Kingdoms?ArchaebacteriaEubacteriaProtistsFungiPlantsAnimals

We are looking at the first twoArchaebacteriaEubacteria

Smallest and simplest lifeformsUnicellular (one-celled)no nucleus

Classification of BacteriaArchaebacteria: extremistsEubacteria:

HeterotrophsPhotosynthetic autotrophsChemosynthetic autotrophs

Archaebacteria

Live in extreme locations:Oxygen-free

environmentsConcentrated

salt-waterHot, acidic

water

Eubacteria - HeterotrophsFound everywhereParasites: live off of other organisms

Saprobes: live off of dead organisms or waste (recyclers)

Eubacteria: Photosynthetic Autotrophs

Photosynthetic: make their own food from light

Cyanobacteria: blue-green, yellow, or red

ponds, streams, moist areas

Eubacteria: Chemosynthetic Autotrophs

Get energy by breaking down inorganic substances like sulfur and nitrogen

Make nitrogen in the air usable Make nitrogen in the air usable for plantsfor plants

Kingdom Protista(“Protists”)Single-celled or multicellularmore complex than organisms in Kingdom Monera

nucleusprotozoans (animal-like)algae (plant-like)

ProtozoansKingdom Protistano cell wall or chlorophyllinternal digestionno locomotion (some)

AlgaeCell wallsChlorophyllPhotosyntheticPlaced in groups according to color and structure

Kingdom FungiMulticellular; complexcell walls, no chlorophyllThreadlike fungi (bread mold)club fungi (mushrooms)sac fungi (yeast and mildew)

Kingdom PlantaeMulticellular, cell walls, and chlorophyll

Largest and longest-living things on Earth

Vascular or Nonvascular

Nonvascular PlantsCANNOT conduct waterExample: MossMoist environment

Vascular PlantsCAN conduct waterCapable of living in drier areasClub mosses, Ferns, Horsetails, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms

GymnospermsSeed plantname means “naked seed”Most are conifers

Angiosperms -Flowering PlantsSeed plantname means “covered seed”Seeds are produced inside ovaries

A ripened ovary is a fruitlargest/most diverse plants

Sponges (invertebrate)Simplest of the animal groupslives in salt water attached to the bottom

Hollow central cavityTwo layers of body cells with tiny pores

Coelenterates (invertebrate)Jellyfish, hydras, and coralstwo cell layersLive in waterhollow body with a single opening

Flatworms (invertebrate)Flattened body; mostly parasitic

one body openingtwo eyespots (light detection)Turbellarians (free-living)Planarians (freshwater Turbellarians)

Roundworms (invertebrate)Rounded shapedtwo body openings (eating and waste expulsion)

mostly free-livingEx: Nematodes and hookworms

Segmented Worms (invertebrate)Rounded, segmented bodiestwo body openingshas five hearts and a brainEx: leeches and marine tube worms

Mollusks (invertebrate)Soft-bodies, no shell: (octopus/squid)

well-developed organssome with shells: (clams/oysters)

Arthropods (invertebrate)Largest group of animalsmultiple body segmentsjointed appendages (legs/arms)exoskeleton (hard outer covering)

Arthropods (continued)Well-developed organsinsects, lobsters, crabs, and spiders

Echinoderms (invertebrate)Spiny skinned animalsstar fish (sea stars), sand dollars, sea cucumbers

flexible arms; tube feetknown for regeneration (ability to grow new body parts)

VertebratesHave backbonesbody with a head and most have appendages

endoskeleton (internal skeleton for support/protection)

Vertebrates (continued)Endotherm (warm- blooded); these organisms can control their body temperature from within despite changes in the environment

Vertebrates (continued)Ectotherm (cold-blooded); body temperature changes with the environment

Jawless fishesEx: Sea lamprey mouth is used for sucking fluids; no appendages (fins)

flexible skeleton made of cartilage

ectotherms

Cartilaginous Fishes Two pairs of fins; gillsectotherms strong teeth (sharks)SKELETON MADE OF CARTILAGE

stingrays, skates, sharks

Bony fishesFlounder, eels, trout, and othersSKELETON MADE OF BONEgillsstreamlined bodies (narrow shape)most numerous group of fish

AmphibiansFrogs, toads, salamanderspart of their life is spent on land and part of life is spent in the water; (ectotherms)

smooth, moist skingills when they are young and have lungs as adults

ReptilesAdapted to live on land (terrestrial)

breathe with lungsbody covered with plates or scales

ectotherms

Reptiles DinosaursTurtles, snakes, lizards, crocodiles, and alligators

lay eggs in a leathery shell

BirdsBodies adapted for flight (light, bones, feathers, and wings)

Scaly legs and feetlay eggs in a hard shellendotherms

MammalsAdvanced nervous system; highly

developed brainEndothermsHairy bodiescan occupy several habitats give birth to live young; produce

milk mammary glands

HomeworkStudy for Quiz #6 – Biodiversity and Classification Read Chps. 17 & 19 Pgs. 418 – 439, 466 – 489, “Trafficking in Kidneys” Pgs. 436 – 437, “Denying AIDS” Pg. 486