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What do all of these have in common?TypewriterRubber bicycle tires CarburetorDiesel engineX-rayRadioCold cerealAspirinMagnetic tape recorderRubber heel (for shoe/boot)Movie projectorWireless radio telegraphPhotoelectric cellMilk safety testThermite (industrial material)Self-powered model airplaneBolt action rifleMotion picture cameraData processing machinePhotocopying machineBridle bit (for horse)Desk top pencil sharpenerDust panFountain pen Golf tee Dry cell battery (Ever Ready) Steel-framed skyscraper American Express Travelers Cheques Book matches Hershey chocolate bar Cathode-ray tube Jell-o Roll film Vacuum cleaner The TCracker Jack Peanut agricultural science DirgibleDixie cup (paper cup) Dishwasher Peep show Escalator Gasoline powered car Player piano Submarine Double-edge safety razorDid you sayThey are all major inventions of the 1890s?You win a prize!

Industrialization OverviewContent Question #1:How did Industrialization Change America?

Natural ResourcesOil (black gold)First drill invented by Edwin Drake in 1859Wells pump oil to surface Large deposits of iron & coal discoveredCoal is burned to produce steamNew source of energy powers machinesSteel (made from iron)Lighter, more flexible, rust-resistant metal1860 = produce 3-5 tons/day1900 = produce 3-5 tons/15 minutesUsed for railroads, skyscrapers, tools, autosDrake Oil Drill, Titusville PA

The Skyscraper

Home Insurance BuildingAmes BuildingFlatiron BuildingChicago, 1884 (the first)Boston, 1893 (Washington St.)New York, 1903New Farm Machinery

ProductivityAgricultural / Transportation AdvancesBefore Civil War, 61 hours labor to produce acre of wheatBy 1900, 3 hours 19 min.Manufactured ice & meatpacking193,000 miles railroad connects the countryTractors towed and powered new planters, cultivators, reapers, pickers, threshers, combine harvesters, mowers, and balers

Economic Innovations & InventionsCorporation: a business that is owned by many investorslegal entity separate from ownersRaise large amounts of capital and limit liabilityStock partial ownership in a company (held by a shareholder)Trust a bunch of corporations controlled by a board of directors (Monopoly)

GDP: How the economy is measured

Andrew CarnegieControlled the STEEL industryBy 1890, the richest nine percent of Americans held 75 percent of the nations wealthThe average yearly income for a worker was $380Carnegie had a yearly income of $25 million by 1900After his retirement, Carnegie donated most of his money (over $350 million) to establish libraries, schools, and universitiesHe called this The Gospel of WealthCorruption

Cartoon analysis

Titans of IndustryJ.P. Morgan Andrew Carnegie John D. RockefellerBANKING/STOCKSSTEELOIL

UrbanizationImmigrationIndustrializationHow does work change?FACTORY WORKERTime:

Works for:

Pace:

Skill:ARTISANTime:Works for:Pace:Skill:

FARMERTime: Works for:Pace:Timetables from Lowell Millshttp://gse.uml.edu/rtt/tah/8/cds/cd1/cd/timetable.jpghttp://invention.smithsonian.org/centerpieces/whole_cloth/u2ei/u2images/act9/time_tbl.jpg

Scientific ManagementIDEA: simplify jobs and train workers to perform as efficiently and productive as possibleUse science to study workers movements and make improvements to tasks and toolsTake away as much skill from task as possible workers should not thinkTime StudiesShovelingThe optimal weight that a worker should lift in a shovel = 21 poundsSO provide each worker with the optimal shovelWorkers increase productivity 3-4 times, increase payThe Assembly LineMoving conveyor beltsFixed work stationsEach worker does one specific taskHenry FordApplies scientific management & assembly line to automobile in 1913Model-T built in 84 steps, able to keep cost low and market as car for the common man Pays workers $5/day can afford to buy car!

Henry Ford connects principles of scientific management to large scale production assembly line1903190819141921WORKERS EMPLOYED12545012,88032,679AUTOS PRODUCED170010,60724,8307933,720AUTOS PER WORKER13.623.619.228.5Drawbacks of Scientific Management & the Assembly Line?Modern TimesCharlie Chaplin Modern Times Factory Scene HD (720p) - YouTube