what does a plant need to ‘eat?’ co2 (ps) + h2o (ps + hydraulic structure + ts) and
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What does a plant need to ‘eat?’ CO2 (PS) + H2O (PS + hydraulic structure + TS) and essential elements To synthesize all that it is: cellulose and wall polymers cytoplasm (including proteins) membranes (lipids, fatty acids) vitamins, co factors, ions and solutes regulators - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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What does a plant need to ‘eat?’
CO2 (PS) + H2O (PS + hydraulic structure + TS)andessential elements
To synthesize all that it is:
cellulose and wall polymerscytoplasm (including proteins)membranes (lipids, fatty acids)vitamins, co factors, ions and solutesregulators
The source of all plants’ food is from soil solution and atmosphere, where required compounds are present in VERY dilute quantities ---
plants have to scavenge, and concentratenutrients before building their bodies
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Essential elements are required fora plant to complete its life cycle.
They were discovered by hydroponic culture and experimentsleaving proposed essential elementsout of the nutrient solution
Deficiency symptoms can be categorized by showing up:
1) in lower (older) tissues first, if so, the element is a mobile ion such asK+, NO3-, and Mg+ and is transportedfrom older to younger tissue when the soil does not provide enough for plant growth;
2) in upper (younger) tissues first,if so, the element is an immobile ion suchas Ca++ and other divalent cations, onceincorporated into tissue, not easily extracted.
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C HOPKNS CaFe Mg
a mnemonic for remembering the essential macronutrients
Fe is an exception
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Clay particle
Sand grain
Organic matterOrganicmatter
Root hair
Clay particle
Clay particle
Sand grain
Anions usually dissolve in soil water;they are readily available forabsorption by root hairs
Cations often interact with negativecharges on the surface of claycations are present
in soil bound ionically to soilsurface = “cation bank”
pH of soil determinescation availability
acid soils arecation-depleted
liming + fertilizerrestores nutrientcontent of soil
anions do not bind and thus areeasily lost from the soil solution during too muchrain/flooding
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Most nutrients are taken up by root hairs. Ions are dissolved in solution – the solution travels apoplastically through the cell walls to the endodermis (Casparian Strip) where it has to enter the symplast.
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H+H+
H+
H+H+
H+
H+
H+H+
ATP
ADP
K+A-
The Nernst equation helps us know whether ion/solute distributionis passive or active:
(Nernst potential) EN = 2.3 RT X log Co [2.3RT ~ 59]z F Ci
The Nernst equation states that at equilibrium, the differencein concentration of an ion between two compartmentsis balanced by the voltage differencebetween the two compartments.
EN (Nernst potential) is themembrane potential that would allow passive distribution at a give concentration gradient
EN predicts the concentration gradientthat would allow the membrane potentialto equal ENwith passive flux of that ion/solute
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Most plants are associated with fungi;together fungal hyphae and roots makeup mycorrhizae. These structures:
• increase the surface area of the nutrient gathering membranes;
• assist in digesting organic materials in the soil for uptake into the plant;
• increase water uptake• possibly ‘fertilize’ soil with CH2O from
their host plant
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Uptake of N is a special case, and in the case of legumes, is accomplished bysymbiosis with Rhizobium
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Trappedinsect
Many plants obtain nutrition from digesting animals, and some plants parasitize others