what is a mineral? a mineral is a: solid naturally occuring (made up of elements) inorganic crystal...
TRANSCRIPT
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WHAT IS A MINERAL? A MINERAL IS A:
SOLIDNATURALLY OCCURING (made up
of elements)INORGANIC CRYSTAL SHAPE (unique to the mineral)CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
(elements bond together to make a compound)
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WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?
Naturally Occurring = NOT man-made Inorganic = NOT made of/from a living thing Crystal Shape = Repeating pattern of atoms
Chemical Composition = chemical formulaEx: Quartz has a chemical formula of SiO2
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NOT A MINERAL?
COAL IS NOT A MINERAL, WHY?
It is not inorganic because it formed from the remains of living organisms
It does not have a crystal shape
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NOT A MINERAL?
PEARL IS ALSO NOT A MINERAL, WHY?
Pearls are organic because they are made from oysters.
They do not have a crystal shape
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NOT A MINERAL? GLASS IS ALSO NOT A MINERAL, WHY?
Glass does not a crystal shape.
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NOT A MINERAL? STEEL IS ALSO NOT A MINERAL, WHY?
1: It is man-made (not naturally occurring)2: It does not have a chemical composition because it is a mixture of iron and carbon3: It does not have a crystal shape
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“Diamonds are Forever” Reading
Before you Read:Review the definition of a mineral (SNICC)
After you Read:Answer these questions:
○ Can the LifeGem diamonds be considered true minerals? Explain your answer.
○ How are these diamonds different than diamonds mined out of the ground?
○ Would you want to use this company for yourself or for a relative?
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TWO GROUPS OF MINERALS
Silicate Minerals Nonsilicate Minerals
•Have both Silicon (Si) and Oxygen (O) elements in them
•Make up more than 90% of Earth’s crust
•Might have other elements in them as well
•Examples: Quartz (SiO2) Talc Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
•Do NOT contain Silicon and Oxygen
• Dividing into different classes depending on elements in them
•Examples: Copper (Cu) Calcite (CaCO3) Galena (PbS)
http://www.mineralogy4kids.org/groups.html
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What Are Properties of Minerals???
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1. COLOR Not reliable due to:
ImpuritiesMany minerals have same colorSome minerals have more than one
color
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COLORS OF FLUORITE
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2. HARDNESS
The ability of a mineral to resist being scratched.
Relative to the hardness of other minerals and objects
2 scalesField hardness scaleMoh’s hardness scale
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HARDNESS
FIELD HARDNESS SCALE
Fingernail Copper Penny Steel Nail Glass Plate Steel File
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MOH’S HARDNESS SCALE
1. Talc
2. Gypsum
3. Calcite
4. Fluorite
5. Apatite
6. Feldspar7. Quartz8. Topaz9. Corundum10.Diamond
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3. LUSTER
The way a mineral reflects light Either Metallic or Nonmetallic Never described as “shiny” (that is
what luster means)
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METALLIC LUSTERS
Shines like a metal: Chrome, Silver, Copper, Gold, Bronze, Lead, etc.
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NONMETALLIC LUSTERS
Brilliant (High Shine/Sparkly) Pearly or Silky Glassy(Vitreous) Waxy/Greasy Dull Earthy
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4. STREAK
Powdered residue left behind when rubbed across a porcelain tile
Only works for minerals with a hardness less than 7 (tile=7)
Streak may be different than outer color More consistent/reliable than color
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5. CLEAVAGE The breaking of a mineral
along flat surfaces Can be 1,2, or 3 directional 3 Directions: Similar to
sides of a cube or rhombus
Mica breaks into single sheets- 1 Directional
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6. FRACTURE
Breaking of a mineral in an uneven or jagged fashion
“Splintery”-splits like wood
“Earthy”/Uneven “Conchoidal”-curved “Fibrous”- like fibers
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7. DENSITY = Mass per volume (g/mL) Every mineral has its own
unique density, regardless of its size
○ Ex: The density of any piece of gold will always be 19 g/mL
The density of any piece of silver will always be 10.5 g/mL
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8. CRYSTAL SHAPE
Microscopic shape of crystals Slow cooling = larger crystals Fast cooling = smaller crystals Cubic, Hexagonal, Octagonal,
Rhomboid, Trapezoidal, etc
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9. SPECIAL PROPERTIES Magnetism (lodestone/magnetite) Taste (Halite-salty) Acid reaction (calcite) Double refraction Fluorescence (glow in UV) Phosphorescence (glow continues) Odor (Sulfur) Radioactivity (Uraninite)
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ScienceNow Diamond Factory
Diamond Factory Video(click on “Watch Diamond Factory”)