what is gis ? a method to visualize, manipulate, analyze, and display spatial data “smart maps”...
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What is GIS ?What is GIS ?What is GIS ?What is GIS ?
•A method to visualize, manipulate, analyze, and display spatial data
•“Smart Maps” linking a database to the map
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Database“Not Easy to Interpret”
Database“Not Easy to Interpret”
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Visualization “Worth a Thousand Words”
Visualization “Worth a Thousand Words”
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Two Ways to Input and Visualize Two Ways to Input and Visualize DataData
The World in GISThe World in GIS
Two Ways to Input and Visualize Two Ways to Input and Visualize DataData
The World in GISThe World in GIS
• Raster – Grid– “pixels”– a location and value– Satellite images and aerial
photos are already in this format
• Vector – Linear– Points, lines & polygons– “Features” (house, lake, etc.)
– Attributes– size, type, length, etc.
Real world
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Combining Data From Combining Data From Many SourcesMany Sources
Combining Data From Combining Data From Many SourcesMany Sources
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Data For GIS Data For GIS ApplicationsApplicationsData For GIS Data For GIS ApplicationsApplications
• Digitized and Scanned Maps– purchased, donated, free (Internet)– created by user
• Data Bases – Tables of data
• GPS – Global Positioning System– accurate locations
• Field Sampling of Attributes• Remote Sensing &
Aerial Photography
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States
Five Data Layers “Alike” Features
Five Data Layers “Alike” Features
Roads
CapitalsRivers
Lakes
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“Spatial Analysis” – not just a map
Turning Data Into Information
Turning Data Into Information
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Asking A Question – Interaction
Asking A Question – Interaction
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Maps and Database are “Interactive”
Maps and Database are “Interactive”
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Multiple Databases can be Linked and Related
Multiple Databases can be Linked and Related
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Some Ways GIS is Some Ways GIS is UsedUsed
Some Ways GIS is Some Ways GIS is UsedUsed
• Emergency Services – Fire & Police • Environmental – Monitoring & Modeling
• Business – Site Location, Delivery Systems
• Industry – Transportation, Communication, Mining, Pipelines, Healthcare
• Government – Local, State, Federal, Military
• Education – Research, Teaching Tool, Administration
Wherever Spatial Data Analysis is Needed
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Ecosystem ManagementEcosystem ManagementEcosystem ManagementEcosystem Management
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3D Mine with Well Data3D Mine with Well Data3D Mine with Well Data3D Mine with Well Data
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Environmental MonitoringEnvironmental MonitoringToxic PlumeToxic Plume
Environmental MonitoringEnvironmental MonitoringToxic PlumeToxic Plume
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Combining Various Display Combining Various Display MethodsMethods
Combining Various Display Combining Various Display MethodsMethods
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Oil Spill and Oil Spill and ContaminationContaminationOil Spill and Oil Spill and
ContaminationContamination
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Site Location and Client DistanceSite Location and Client Distance
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Modeling of Future TrendsModeling of Future Trends
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Clusters and Comparison of Data
Clusters and Comparison of Data